The effect of Stipa tenacissima tussocks on some soil surface properties under arid bioclimate in the southern Tunisia

REFERENCES

• Aguiar , M. R. and Sala , O. E. 1999 . Patch structure, dynamics and implications for the functioning of arid ecosystems. . Trends Ecol. Evol. , 14 : 273 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aidoud , A. , Le Floc'h , E. and Le Houérou , H. N. 2006 . Les steppes arides du nord de l'Afrique. . Sécheresse , 17 ( 1–2 ) : 19 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Aidoud , A. , Slimani , H. , Aidoud-Lounis , F. and Touffet , J. 1999 . Changement édaphiques le long d'un gradient d'intensité de pâturage dans une steppe d'Algérie. . Ecol. Medit. , 25 : 163 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Aidoud , A. and Touffet , J. 1996 . La régression de l'alfa (Stipa tenacissima), graminée pérenne, un indicateur de désertification des steppes algériennes. . Sécheresse , 7 : 187 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Bochet , E. , Rubio , J. L. and Poesen , J. 1999 . Modified top- soil islands within patchy Mediterranean vegetation in SE Spain. . Catena , 38 : 23 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourahla , A. and Guittonneau , G. G. 1978 . Nouvelles possibilités de régénération des nappes alfatières en liaison avec la lutte contre la désertification. . Bull. Inst. Ecol. Appl. , 1 : 19 – 40 . (Orléans)
   Google Scholar
• Cerdà , A. 1997 . The effect of patchy distribution of Stipa tenacissima L. on run off and erosion. . J. Arid Environ. , 36 : 37 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapin , F. S. 1991 . “ Effects of multiple environmental stresses on nutrient availability and use. ” . In Response of plants to multiple stress. Edited by: Mooney , H. A. , Winner , W. E. and Pell , E. J. 68 – 88 . San Diego , C : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Conant , R. T. , Klopatek , J. M. and Klopatek , C. C. 2000 . Environmental factors controlling soil respiration in three semiarid ecosystems. . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 64 : 383 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortina , J. and Maestre , F. T. 2005 . “ Plant effects on soils in drylands. Implications for community dynamics and dryland restoration. ” . In Tree species effects on soils: implications for global change. , NATO Science Series Edited by: Binkley , D. and Menyailo , O. 85 – 118 . Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Eldridge , D. J. and Resentreter , R. 1999 . Morphological groups: a frame work for monitoring microphytic crusts in arid landscapes. . J. Arid Environ. , 41 : 11 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emberger , L. 1954 . Une classification biologique des climats. . Recueil des travaux de Laboratoire de Botanique , 7 : 3 – 43 . série botanique
   Google Scholar
• Emteryd , O. 1989 . Chemical and physical analysis of inorganic nutrients in plant, soil, water and air. . SLU Stencil , 10 : 181 Uppsala
   Google Scholar
• Errebei , L. , Ksontini , M. and Rejeb , M. N. 2006 . Production et exploitation rationnelle de l'Alfa dans des différentes nappes alfatières. 13^es journées scientifiques sur les résultats de la recherche agricole, Hammamet (Tunisie) 14 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , Lange . 2004 . “ Biological soil crust and ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics. ” . In Biological soil crust: structure, function and management. Edited by: Belnap , J. and Lange , O. L. 263 – 279 . Berlin : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Floret , C. 1981 . The effects of protection on steppic vegetation in the Mediterranean arid zone of Southern Tunisia. . Plant Ecol. , 46 : 117 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Genin , D. , Khorchani , T. and Hammadi , M. 2007 . Improving nutritive value of a North African range grass (Stipa tenacissima): effect of dung ash and urea treatment on digestion by goats. . Animal Feed Sci. Tech. , 136 : 110
   Google Scholar
• Goberna , M. , Pascual , J. A. and Garcia Sanchez , J. 2007 . Do plant clumps constitute microbial hotspots in semiarid Mediterranean patchy landscapes? . Soil Biol. & Bio. , 39 : 1047 – 1054 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , S. , Wilson , B. R. , Reid , N. and Jones , H. 2004 . Scattered paddock trees, litter chemistry, and surface soil properties in pastures of the New England Tablelands, New South Wales. . Austr. J. Soil Res. , 42 : 905 – 912 .
   Google Scholar
• Hattenschwiler , S. H. , Tiunov , A. V. and Scheu , S. 2005 . Biodiversity and litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. , 36 : 191 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillel , D. 1974 . Soil and water. Physical principles and processes. Academic Press, New York and London 288
   Google Scholar
• Jurinak , J. J. , Dudley , L. M. , Allen , M. F. and Knight , W. G. 1986 . The role of calcium oxalate in the availability of phosphorus in soils of semiarid regions: a thermodynamic study. . Soil Sci. , 142 : 255 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koukoura , Z. , Mamolos , A. P. and Kalburtji , K. L. 2003 . Decomposition of dominant plant species litter in a semi-arid grassland. . Appl. Soil Ecol. , 23 : 13 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutiel , P. , Kutiel , H. and Lavee , H. 2000 . Vegetation response to possible scenarios of rainfall variations along a Mediterranean-extreme arid climatic transect. . J. Arid Environ. , 44 : 277 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Houérou , H. N. 1986 . “ The desert and arid zones of northern Africa. ” . In The ecosystems of the world. Edited by: Evenari , M. , Noy-Meir , I. and Goodall , D. W. 104 – 147 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science . 12 B, Hot deserts and arid shrublands
   Google Scholar
• Le Houérou , H. N. 1995 . Considérations biogéographiques sur les steppes arides du nord de l'Afrique. . Sécheresse , 6 : 167 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Le Houérou , H. N. 2001 . “ Biogeography of the arid steppeland north of the Sahara. ” . In J. Arid Environ. Vol. 48 , 103 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X. and Sarah , H. 2003 . Enzyme activities along a climatic transect in the Judean Desert. . Catena , 53 : 349 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maestre , F. T. , Bautista , S. , Cortina , J. and Bellot , J. 2001 . Potential of using facilitation by grasses to establish shrubs on a semiarid degraded steppe. . Ecol. Appl. , 11 : 1641 – 1645 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maestre , F. T. and Cortina , J. 2003 . Small-scale spatial variation in soil CO2 efflux in a mediterranean semiarid steppe. . Appl. Soil Ecol. , 23 : 199 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maestre , F. T. , Huesca , M. T. , Zaady , E. , Bautista , S. and Cortina , J. 2002 . Infiltration, penetration, resistance and microphytic crust composition in contrasted microsites within a mediterranean semi arid steppe. . Soil Biol. Biochem. , 34 : 895 – 898 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mapa , R. B. 1995 . Effect of reforestation using Tectona grandis on infiltration and soil water retention. . For. Ecol. Manag. , 77 : 119 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , D. W. and Sommers , L. E. 1982 . “ Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. ” . In Methods of soil analysis. Edited by: Page , A. L. Vol. 2 , 539 – 579 . Wis : American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , S. R. and Sommers , L. E. 1982 . “ Phosphorus. ” . In Methods of soil analysis. Edited by: Page , A. L. Vol. 2 , 403 – 430 . Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Puigdefábregas , J. and Sánchez , G. 1996 . “ Geomorphological implications of vegetation patchiness on semiarid slopes. ” . In Advances in hillslope processes. Edited by: Anderson , M. G. and Brooks , S. M. Vol. 2 , 1027 – 1060 . London : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , J. F. 2001 . “ Desertification. ” . In Encyclopaedia of Biodiversity. Edited by: S , Levin . Vol. 2 , 61 – 78 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sarah , P. 2006 . Soil organic matter and land degradation in semi-arid area, Israel. . Catena , 67 : 50 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titus , J. H. , Nowak , R. S. and Smith , S. D. 2002 . Soil resource heterogeneity in the Mojave Desert. . J. Arid Environ. , 52 : 269 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tongway , D. J. and Ludwig , J. A. 1996 . Rehabilitation of semiarid landscapes in Australia. I—Restoring productive soil patches. . Rest. Ecol. , 4 : 388 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitford , W. G. 2002 . Ecology of desert systems. Academic Press, London 343
   Google Scholar
• Whitford , W. G. , Reynolds , J. F. and Cunningham , G. L. 1987 . “ How desertification affects nitrogen limitation of primary production on Chihuahuan desert watersheds. ” . In Proceedings of the Symposium on Strategies for Classification and Management of Natural Vegetation for Food Production in Arid Zones. Edited by: Moir , W. and Aldon , E. A. Denver, Colorado : U.S. Forest Service .
   Google Scholar
• Zaady , E. 1999 . The role of microphytic soil crusts in desert ecosystems. . Ecol. Environ. , 5 : 77 – 84 .
   Google Scholar