Constitutive modelling for rate-independent soils: a review

9. References

• Allirot , D. , Boehler , J. P. and Sawczuk , A. 1977 . “Irreversible deformations of anisotropic rock under hydrostatic pressure” . Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. , 14 : 77 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-tabbaa , A. and Wood , D. M. 1989 . “An experimentally based bubble model for clay” . In NUMOG III Edited by: Pietrusczczak , S. and Pande , G. N. 91 – 99 . Elsevier Applied Science .
   Google Scholar
• Anandarajah , A. and Dafalias , Y. F. 1986 . “Bounding surface plasticity. III: Application to anisotropic cohesive soils” . J. Engng. Mech., ASCE , 112 ( num. 12 ) : 1292 – 1318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson , J. H. , Richardson , D. and Stallebrass , S. E. 1986 . “Effect of recent stress history on the stiffness of overconsolidated clay” . Géotechnique , 40 ( num. 4 ) : 531 – 540 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , R. and Desai , C. S. 1984 . “Induced anisotropy during plastic straining” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 8 : 167 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee , P. K. and Yousif , N. B. 1986 . “A plasticity model for the mechanical behavior of anisotropically consolidated clay” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 10 : 521 – 541 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardet , J. P. 1986 . “Modelling of sand behaviour with bounding surface plasticity” . In Numerical Models in Geomechanics Edited by: Pande , G. N. and Van impe , W. R. 131 – 150 . Jackson and Sons. .
   Google Scholar
• Bauer , E. 1996 . “Calibration of a comprehensive hypoplastic equation for granular materials” . Soils and Foundations , 36 ( num. 1 ) : 13 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Bazant , Z. P. 1978 . “Endochronic inelasticity and incremental plasticity” . Int. Journal of Solids and Structures , 14 : 691 – 714 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehler , J. P. 1975 . “Sur les formes invariantes dans les sous-groupe orthotrope de revolution” . Zeits. Angew. Math. Mech. , 55 : 609 – 611 .
   Google Scholar
• Boehler , J. P. 1987 . Application of tensor functions in solid mechanics CISM Courses and Lectures n. 292 New York : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Borja , R. I. 1992 . “Generalized creep and stress-relaxation model for clays” . J. Geotech. Engng., ASCE , 118 ( num. 11 ) : 1765 – 1786 .
   Google Scholar
• Burghignoli , A. , Pane , V. and Cavalera , L. 1991 . “Modelling stress-strain-time behaviour of natural soils. Monotonic loading”, AGI, Ed. ” . In X ECSMFE 961 – 979 . Rotterdam : Firenze, Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Callisto , L. and Calabresi , G. 1998 . “Mechanical behaviour of a natural soft clay” . Geotechnique , 48 ( num. 4 ) : 495 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casagrande , A. and Carillo , N. 1944 . “Shear failure of anisotropic materials” . Proc. Boston Soc. Civil Engrs. , 31 : 74 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Castellanza , R. 2002 . “Weathering Effects on the Mechanical Behaviour of Bonded Geomaterials: an Experimental, Theoretical and Numerical Study”, PhD thesis, Politecnico di Milano
   Google Scholar
• Castellanza , R. , Nova , R. and Tamagnini , C. 2002 . “Mechanical effects of chemical degradation of bonded geomaterials in boundary value problems” . In Revue Francaise de Génie Civil
   Google Scholar
• Chambon , R. 1984 . “Une loi rhéologique incrémentale non linéaire pour les sols non visqueux”. . Journal de Mécanique Théorique et Appliquiée , 3 ( num. 4 ) : 521 – 544 .
   Google Scholar
• Chambon , R. 1989 . “Une classe de lois de comportement incrgméntalement nonlinéaires pour les sols non visqueux, résolution de quelques problèmes de cohérence” . C. R. Acad. Set , 308 ( num. II ) : 1571 – 1576 .
   Google Scholar
• Chambon , R. , Desrues , J. , Hammad , W. and Charlier , R. 1994 . “CLOE, a new rate-type constitutive model for geomaterials: theoretical basis and implementation” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 18 : 253 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambon , R. , Crochepeyre , S. and Desrues , J. 2000 . “Localization criteria for nonlinear constitutive equations of geomaterials” . Mech. Cohesive-Frictional Materials , 5 : 61 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , W. F. 1976 . Limit Analysis and Soil Plasticity Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Crouch , R. S. and Wolf , J. P. 1994 . “Unified 3d critical state bounding-surface plasticity model for soils incorporating continuous plastic loading under cyclic paths. Part I: constitutive relations” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 18 : 735 – 758 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cudmani , R. and NÜBEL , K. 2000 . “Examples of finite element calculations with the hypoplastic law” . In Constitutive Modelling of Granular Materials Edited by: Kolymbas , D. 523 – 538 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Dafalias , Y. F. and Popov , E. V. 1975 . “A model of non-linearly hardening materials for complex loading” . Arch. Mech. , 21 : 173 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Dafalias , Y. F. 1986 . “Bounding surface plasticity. I: Mathematical foundation and hypoplasticity” . J. Engng. Mech., ASCE , 112 ( num. 9 ) : 966 – 987 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dafalias , Y. F. and Herrmann , L. R. 1986 . “Bounding surface plasticity. II: Application to isotropic cohesive soils” . J. Engng. Mech., ASCE , 112 ( num. 12 ) : 1263 – 1291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darve , F. 1978 . “Une formulation incrémentale non-lineaire des lois rhèologiques; application aux sols”, Thèse d'Etat, Grenoble
   Google Scholar
• Darve , F. and Labanieh , S. 1982 . “Incremental constitutive law for sands and clays. Simulations of monotonic and cyclic tests” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 6 : 243 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darve , F. , Chau , B. and Dendani , H. 1988 . “Incrementally multi-linear and non-linear constitutive relations: a comparative study for practical use” . In Numerical Methods in Geomechanics Edited by: Swoboda , G. 37 – 43 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Darve , R and Dendani , H. 1988 . “An incrementally non-linear constitutive relation and its predictions” . In Constitutive Equations for Granular Non-Cohesive Soils Edited by: Saada , A. S. and Bianchini , G. F. 237 – 254 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Darve , F. 1990 . “The expression of rheological laws in incremental form and the main classes of constitutive equations” . In Geomaterials: Constitutive Equations and Modelling Edited by: Darve , F. 123 – 148 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Darve , F. 1990 . “Incrementally non-linear constitutive relationships” . In Geomaterials: Constitutive Equations and Modelling Edited by: Darve , F. 213 – 237 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Darve , F. and Roguiez , X. 1999 . “Constitutive relations for soils: new challenges” . Rivista Italiana di Geolecnica , 4 : 9 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , R. O. and Mullenger , G. 1978 . “A rate-type constitutive model for soil with a critical state” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 2 : 255 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai , C. S. and Siriwardane , H. J. 1984 . Constitutive Laws for Engineering Materials, with Emphasis on Geologic Materials Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Di maggio , F. L. and Sandler , I. S. 1971 . “Material model for granular soil” . J. Engng. Mech. Div., ASCE , 97 : 935 – 950 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. M. and Seed , H. B. 1966 . “Anisotropy and stress reorientation of clays” . J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE , 92 ( num. SM5 ) : 21 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. M. and Chang , C. Y. 1970 . “Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils” . J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, vol , 96 ( num. SM5 ) : 1629 – 1653 .
   Google Scholar
• El hassan , N. , Desrues , J. and Chambon , R. “Numerical modelling of borehole instability using a. non linear incremental model with bifurcation analysis” . In Int. Symp. on Deformation and Progressive Failure in Geomechanics Nagoya, Japan, 1997 Edited by: Oka , F. 677 – 682 . Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Flavigny , E. and Nova , R. 1990 . “Viscous properties of geomaterials” . In Geomaterials: Constitutive Equations and Modelling Edited by: Darve , F. 27 – 54 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Frydman , S. , Talesnick , M. and Puzrin , A. 1995 . “Colinearity of stresses, strains and strain increments during shearing of soft clay” . J. Geotech. Engng., ASCE , 121 ( num. 2 ) : 174 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Gajo , A. and Wood , D. M. 1999 . “A kinematic hardening constitutive model for sands: the multiaxial formulation” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 23 : 925 – 965 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gens , A. 1996 . “Constitutive modelling: application to compacted soils” . In Unsaturated Soils/Sols Non Saturés Edited by: Alonso , E. and Delage , P. 1179 – 1200 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Georgiannou , V. N. , Rampello , S. and Silvestri , F. 1991 . “Static and dynamic measurements of undrained stiffness on natural overconsolidated clays” . In X ECSMFE Firenze Edited by: Agi . Vol. 1 , 91 – 96 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Ghaboussi , J. and Momen , H. 1982 . “Modelling and analysis of cyclic behavior of sands” . In Soil Mechanics: Transient and Cyclic Loads Edited by: Pande , G. N. and Zienkiewicz , O. C. 313 – 342 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Goto , S. , Tatsuoka , R , Shibuya , S. , Kim , Y. S. and Sato , T. 1991 . “A simple gauge for local small strain measurements in the laboratory” . Soib and Foundations , 31 ( num. 1 ) : 169 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Goto , S. , Burland , J. B. and Tatsuoka , F. 1999 . “Non-linear soil model with various strain levels and its application to axisymmetric excavation problems” . Soils and Foundations, vol , 39 ( num. 4 ) : 111 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , J. and Houlsby , G. T. 1983 . “Anisotropic elasticity of a natural clay” . Géotech-nique , 33 ( num. 2 ) : 165 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , J. , Noonan , M. L. and Lew , K. V. 1983 . “Yield states and stress-strain relationship in a natural plastic clay” . Can. Geotech. J. , 20 : 502 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , A. E. 1956 . “Hypoelasticity and plasticity” . Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis , 5 : 725 – 734 .
   Google Scholar
• Gudehus , G. 1979 . “A comparison of some constitutive laws for soils under radially symmetric loading and unloading” . In Int. Conf. Num. Meth. Geomech Edited by: Wittke . 1309 – 1324 . Rotterdam : Aachen, Balkema . 3rd
   Google Scholar
• Gudehus , G. , Darve , F. and Vardoulakis , I. 1984 . Constitutive Relations for Soils Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Gudehus , G. 1996 . “A comprehensive constitutive equation for granular materials” . Soils and Foundations , 36 ( num. 1 ) : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Hashiguchi , K. 1979 . “Constitutive equations of granular media with an anisotropic hardening” . In III Int. Conf. Num. Meth. in Geomechanics 435 – 439 . Germany : Aachen . Balkema, Rotterdam
   Google Scholar
• Hashiguchi , K. 1985 . “ ‘Two- and three-surface models of plasticity’ ” . In Vint. Conf. Num. Meth. in Geomechanics Nagoya, Japan 285 – 292 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Hashiguchi , K. 1988 . “Mathematically consistent formulation of elastoplastic constitutive equations” . In VI Int. Conf. Num. Meth. in Geomechanics 467 – 472 . Austria : Innsbruck . Balkema, Rotterdam
   Google Scholar
• Hill , R. 1950 . The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hong , W. P. and Lade , P. V. 1989 . “Strain increment and stress directions in torsion shear tests” . J. Geotech. Engng., ASCE , 115 ( num. 10 ) : 1388 – 1401 .
   Google Scholar
• Houlsby , G. T. , Wroth , C. P. and Wood , D. M. 1984 . “Prediction of the results of laboratory tests on a clay using a critical state model” . In Constitutive Relations for Soils Edited by: Gudehus , G. , Darve , F. and Vardoulakis , I. Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Houlsby , G. T. 1985 . ‘The use of a variable shear modulus in elastic-plastic models for clays’ . Comp. & Geotechnics , 1 : 3 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Hueckel , T. 1992 . “Water mineral interactions in hygromechanics of clay exposed to environmental load: a mixture theory approach” . Can. Geotech. J. , 29 : 10711086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hueckel , T. 1997 . “Chemo-plasticity of clays subjected to stress and flow of a single contaminant” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth.Geomech. , 21 : 43 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwan , W. D. 1967 . “On a class of models for the yield behaviour of continuous and composite systems” . J. Appl. Mechanics, ASME , 34 : 612 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardine , R. J. , Symes , M. J. and Burland , J. B. 1984 . “The measurement of soil stiffness in the triaxial apparatus” . Géotechnique , 34 : 323 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardine , R. J. , Potts , D. M. , Fourie , A. B. and Burland , J. B. 1986 . “Studies of the influence of non-linear stress-strain characteristics in soil-structure interaction” . Géotechnique , 36 ( num. 3 ) : 377 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardine , R. J. and Potts , D. M. 1988 . “Hutton tension leg platform foundations: an approach to the prediction of driven pile behaviour” . Géotechnique , 38 ( num. 2 ) : 231 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardine , R. J. , Potts , D. M. , St. john , H. D. and Hight , D. W. 1991 . “Some practical applications of a non-linear ground model” . In X ECSMFE Firenze Edited by: Agi . Vol. 1 , 223 – 228 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Jirasek , M. 2002 . “Titolo” . In Revue Francaise de Génie Civil
   Google Scholar
• Jirasek , M. and Bazant , Z. P. 2002 . Inelastic Analysis of Structures Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Jommi , C. 2000 . “Remarks on the constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils” . In Experimental evidence and theoretical approaches in unsaturated soils 139 – 153 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , M. K. and Lade , P. V. 1988 . “Single hardening constitutive model for frictional materials. I: Plastic potential function” . Comp. & Geotechnics , 5 : 307 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Kolymbas , D. 1991 . “An outline of hypoplasticity” . Archive of Applied Mechanics , 61 : 143 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolymbas , D. 1993 . Modern Approaches to Plasticity Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Kolymbas , D. and Wu , W. 1993 . “Introduction to hypoplasticity” . In Modern Approaches to Plasticity Edited by: Kolymbas , D. 213 – 224 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Kondner , R. L. and Zelasko , J. S. 1963 . “A hyperbolic stress-strain formulation for sands” . II Pan.-Am. Conf. SMFE , 1 : 289 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Kudella , P. and Mayer , P. M. 1999 . “Calculation of soil displacements due to retaining wall construction” . In NUMOG VII Edited by: Pande , G. , Pietrusczczak , S. and Schweiger , H. 573 – 580 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Lade , P. V. 1977 . “Elastoplastic stress-strain theory for cohesionless soil with curved yield surfaces” . Int. Journal of Solids and Structures , 13 ( num. 11 ) : 1019 – 1035 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lade , P. V. and Kim , M. K. 1988 . “Single hardening constitutive model for frictional materials. II: Yield criterion and plastic work contours” . Comp. & Geotechnics , 6 : 13 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Lanier , J. 1988 . “Generation of a data bank by the use of Grenoble true triaxial apparatus” . In Constitutive Equations for Granular Non- Cohesive Soils Edited by: Saada , A. S. and Bianchini , G. 47 – 58 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , R. W. and Schrefler , B. A. 1998 . The Finite Element Method in the Static and Dynamic Deformation and Consolidation of Porous Media Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Loret , B. 1990 . “Geomechanical applications of the theory of multimechanisms” . In Geomaterials: Constitutive Equations and Modelling Edited by: Darve , F. 187 – 211 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Loret , B. 1990 . “An introduction to the classical theory of elastoplasticity” . In Geomaterials: Constitutive Equations and Modelling Edited by: Darve , F. 149 – 186 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Lubliner , J. 1990 . Plasticity Theory London : Mac Millan .
   Google Scholar
• Lyamin , A. V. and Sloan , S. W. 2002 . “Upper bound limit analysis using linear finite elements and nonlinear programming” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 26 : 181 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. J. 1970 . “On the yielding and mechanical strength of Leda clays”. . Can. Geotech. J. , 7 : 297 – 312 .
   Google Scholar
• Mroz , Z. 1967 . “On the description of anisotropic work-hardening” . Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids , 15 : 163 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mroz , Z. , Norris , V. A. and Zienkiewicz , O. C. 1978 . “An anisotropic hardening model for soils and its application to cyclic loading” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 2 : 203 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mroz , Z. 1980 . “On hypoelastic and plasticity approaches to constitutive modelling of inelastic behaviour of soils” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 4 : 45 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mroz , Z. , Norris , V. A. and Zienkiewicz , O. C. 1981 . “An anisotropical critical state model for soils subject to cyclic loading” . Géotechnique , 31 ( num. 4 ) : 451 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muruyama , S. 1985 . “Constitutive Laws of Soils”, Jap. Soc. SMFE
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , I. 1977 . “Constitutive models for use in numerical computations” . Plastic and Long Term Effects, DMSR '77, Karlsruhe , 2 : 45 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Niemunis , A. and Herle , I. 1997 . “Hypoplastic model for cohesionless soils with elastic strain range” . Mech. Cohesive-Frictional Materials , 2 : 279 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nova , R. 1977 . “On the hardening of soils” . Archiwum Mechaniki Stosowanej , 29 : 445 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nova , R. and Wood , D. M. 1979 . “A constitutive model for sand in triaxial compression” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 3 : 255 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nova , R. 1986 . “Soil models as a basis for modelling the behaviour of geophysical materials” . Arch. Mech. , 64 : 31 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Nova , R. 1988 . “Sinfonietta Classica: an exercise on classical soil modelling” . In Constitutive Equations for Granular Non-Cohesive Soils Cleveland Edited by: Saada , BIANCHINI . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Nova , R. 1996 . “Modelling: classical elastoplastic models” . In 8th ALERT School on Bifurcation and Localization in Geomaterials ALERT Geomaterials Edited by: Chambon , R.
   Google Scholar
• Nova , R. 2000 . “Modelling the weathering effects on the mechanical behaviour of granite” . In Constitutive Modelling of Granular Materials Edited by: Kolymbas , D. Horton, , Greece : Springer . Berlin
   Google Scholar
• Nova , R. and Castellanza , R. 2001 . “Modelling weathering effects on the mechanical on the mechanical behaviour of soft rocks”. ” . In Int. Conf. on Civil Engineering Bangalore, India 157 – 167 . Interline Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Oda , M. , Koishikawa , I. and Higuchi , T. 1978 . “Experimental study of anisotropic shear strength of sand by plane strain test” . Soils and Foundations , 18 ( num. 1 ) : 25 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Oda , M. , Nemat-nasser , S. and Konishi , J. 1985 . “Stress-induced anisotropy in granular masses” . Soils and Foundations , 25 ( num. 3 ) : 85 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Owen , D. R. and Williams , W. O. 1969 . “On the time derivatives of equilibrated response functions” . Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis , 33 ( num. 4 ) : 288 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastor , M. , Zienkiewicz , O. C. and Leung , K. H. 1985 . “Simple model for transient soil loading in earthquake analysis. II: non-associative model for sands” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 9 : 477 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastor , M. , Zienkiewicz , O. C. and Chan , A. H.C. 1990 . “Generalized plasticity and the modelling of soil behaviour” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 14 : 151 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastor , M. 1991 . “Modelling of anisotropic sand behaviour”. . Comp. & Geotechnics , 11 : 173 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Pestana , A. and Whittle , A. J. 1999 . “Formulation of a unified constitutive model for clays and sands” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 23 : 1215 – 1243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pijaudier-cabot , J. 2002 . “Titolo” . In Revue Francaise de Génie Civil
   Google Scholar
• Pontes , I. D.S. , Borges , L. A. , Zouain , N. and Lopes , F. R. 1997 . “An approach to limit analysis with cone-shaped yield surfaces” . Int. J. Num. Meth. Engng. , 40 : 4011 – 4032 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pooroshasb , H. B. , Holubec , I. and Sherbourne , A. N. 1966 . “yielding and flow of sand in triaxial compression (part I)” . Can. Geotech. J. , 3 : 179 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Pooroshasb , H. B. , Holubec , I. and Sherbourne , A. N. 1967 . “yielding and flow of sand in triaxial compression (part II)” . Can. Geotech. J. , 4 : 376 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Pooroshasb , H. B. and Pietruszczak , S. 1985 . “On the yielding and flow of sand: a generalized two-surface model” . Comp. & Geotechnics , 1 : 33 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Prevost , J. H. 1977 . “Mathematical modelling of monotonie and cyclic undrained clay behaviour” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 1 : 195 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Prevost , J. H. 1986 . “Constitutive equations for pressure-sensitive soils: theory, numerical implementation and examples” . In Geomechanical Modelling in Engineering Practice Edited by: Dungar , R. and Studer , J. A. 331 – 350 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Di prisco , C. , Nova , R. and Lanier , J. 1993 . “A mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening constitutive law for sand” . In Modern Approaches to Plasticity Edited by: Kolymbas , D. 83 – 124 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Pyke , R. 1986 . “ ‘The use of linear elastic and piecewise linear models in finite element analyses’. ” . In Geomechanical Modelling in Engineering Practice Edited by: Dungar , STUDER . 167 – 188 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Romano , M. 1974 . “A continuum theory for granular media with a critical state” . Arch. Mech. , 26 : 1011 – 1028 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscoe , K. H. and Burland , J. B. 1968 . “On the generalised stress-strain behaviour of ‘wet’ clay” . In Engineering Plasticity Edited by: Heyman , J. and Leckie , F. A. 535 – 609 . Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rouainia , M. and Wood , D. M. 2000 . “A kinematic hardening constitutive model for natural clays with loss of structure” . Géotechnique , 50 ( num. 2 ) : 153 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe , R. K. and Kack , G. J. 1983 . “A theoretical examination of the settlements induced by tunnelling: four case histories” . Can. Geotech. J. , 20 : 299 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royis , P. and Doanh , T. 1998 . “Theoretical analysis of strain response envelopes using incrementally non-linear constitutive equations” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 22 : 97 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saada , A. S. and Bianchini , G. F. 1989 . Constitutive equations for granular non-cohesive soils Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Sandler , I. S. , Di maggio , F. L. and Baladi , G. Y. 1976 . “Generalised cap model for geologic materials” . J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE , 102 : 683 – 697 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanavia , L. and Schrefler , B. A. 2002 . “A finite element model for water saturated and partially saturated geomaterials” . In Revue Française de Génie Civil
   Google Scholar
• Schofield , A. N. and Wroth , C. P. 1968 . Critical State Soil Mechanics London : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Schrefler , B. A. and Sanavia , L. 2002 . “Coupling equations for water saturated and partially saturated geomaterials” . In Revue Française de Génie Civil
   Google Scholar
• Sekiguchi , H. and Ohta , H. 1977 . “Induced anisotropy and time dependency in clays” . In IX ICSMFE, Specialty Session 9 229 – 238 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Sharour , I. , Ghorbanbeigi , S. and Von wolffersdordff , P. A. 1995 . “Three- dimensional finite element analysis of diaphragm wall construction” . Revue Francaise de Géotechnique , 71 : 39 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Simo , J. C. and Hughes , T. J. R. 1997 . Computational Inelasticity Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Simo , J. C. 1998 . “Numerical Analysis and Simulation of Plasticity” vol. VI of ” . In Handbook of Numerical Analysis 183 – 499 . Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Siriwardane , H. J. and Desai , C. S. 1983 . “Computational procedures for nonlinear three-dimensional analysis with some advanced constitutive laws” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 7 : 143 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan , S. W. and Kleeman , P. W. 1995 . “Upper bound limit analysis with discontinuous velocity fields” . Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng. , 127 : 293 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , I. M. and Ho , D. K. H. 1992 . “Influence of construction technique on the performance of a braced excavation in marine clay” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 16 : 845 – 867 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , P. R. , Jardine , R. J. and Hight , D. W. 1992 . ‘The yielding of Bothkennar clay’ . Géotechnique , 42 ( num. 2 ) : 257 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolowski , V. V. 1965 . Statics of Granular Media Oxford : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• St. john , H. D. , Potts , D. M. , Jardine , R. J. and Higgins , K. G. 1993 . “Prediction and performance of ground response due to construction of a deep basement at 60 Victoria Embankment” . In Predictive Soil Mechanics (Wroth Mem. Symp Edited by: Houlsby , G. T. and Schofield , A. N. London : Thomas Telford .
   Google Scholar
• Stallebrass , S. E. 1990 . “Modelling the effect of recent stress history on the behaviour of overconsolidated soils”, PhD thesis, The City University, London
   Google Scholar
• Tamagnini , C. and D'ELIA , M. 1999 . “A simple bounding surface model for bonded clays” . In Pre-failure Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials Edited by: Jamiolkowski , M. , Lancellotta , R. and Lo presti , D. 565 – 572 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Tamagnini , C. , Viggiani , G. and Chambon , R. 2000 . “A Review of Two Different Approaches to Hypoplasticity” . In Constitutive Modelling of Granular Materials Edited by: Kolymbas , D. 107 – 145 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Tamagnini , C. , Viggiani , G. and Chambon , R. 2001 . “Some remarks on shear band analysis in hypoplasticity” . In Localization and Bifurcation Theory for Soils and Rocks Balkema Edited by: Muhlhaus , H.B. , Dyskin , A. and Pasternak , E.
   Google Scholar
• Tamagnini , C. , Castellanza , R. and Nova , R. 2002 . “Implicit integration of constitutive equations in computational plasticity” . In Revue Française de Génie Civil
   Google Scholar
• Tamagnini , C. , Castellanza , R. and Nova , R. 2002 . “Numerical integration of elasto- plastic constitutive equations for geomaterials with extended hardening rules” . In NUMOG VIII Edited by: Pande , G. N. and Petruszczak , S. 213 – 218 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Tatsuoka , F. , Jardine , R. J. , Lo presti , D. , Di benedetto , H. and Kodaka , T. 1997 . ′Theme Lecture: Characterizing the pre-failure deformation properties of geomaterials” . XIVICSMFE , 4 : 2129 – 2164 . Balkema, Rotterdam
   Google Scholar
• Tavenas , F. and Leroueil , S. 1977 . “Effects of stresses and time on on yielding of clays” . IX ICSMFE , 1 : 319 – 326 . Balkema, Rotterdam
   Google Scholar
• Tejchman , J. and Herle , I. 1999 . “A class “A” prediction of the bearing capacity of plane strain footings on sand” . Soils and Foundations , 39 ( num. 5 ) : 47 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Terzaghi , K. 1948 . Theoretical Soil Mechanics John New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Terzaghi , K. and Peck , R. B. 1948 . Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice John New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Tobita , Y. 1997 . “Importance of incremental nonlinearity in the deformation of granular materials” . In IUTAM Symp. on Mech. of Granular and Porous Materials Edited by: Fleck , N. A. and Cocks , A. C. F. 139 – 150 . Kluwer Acad. Publisher .
   Google Scholar
• Truesdell , C. A. 1956 . “Hypo-elastic shear” . J. Appl. Physics , 27 : 441 – 447 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truesdell , C. A. and Noll , W. 1965 . “ ‘The non-linear field theories of mechanics’ ” . In Encyclopedia of Physics Edited by: Flügge , S. Vol. III/3 , Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Ulm , F. J. and Coussy , O. 1996 . “Strength growth as chemo-plastic hardening in early age concrete” . J. Engng. Mech., ASCE , 122 ( num. 12 ) : 1123 – 1132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valanis , K. C. and Lee , C. F. 1984 . “Endochronic theory of cyclic plasticity with applications” . J. Appl. Mechanics, ASME , 51 : 789 – 794 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardoulakis , I. and Sulem , J. 1995 . Bifurcation Analysis in Geomechanics New York : Blackie Acad. & Professional .
   Google Scholar
• Vermeer , P. A. 1978 . “A double hardening model for sand” . Géotechnique , 28 : 413 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viggiani , G. and Tamagnini , C. 1999 . “Hypoplasticity for modeling soil non-linearity in excavation problems” . In Prefailure Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials Edited by: Jamiolkowski , M. and Lancellottar Lo , Prestid . 581 – 588 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Viggiani , G. and Tamagnini , C. 2000 . “Ground movements around excavations in granular soils: a few remarks on the influence of the constitutive assumptions on FE predictions” . Mech. Cohesive-Frictional Materials , 5 ( num. 5 ) : 399 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. L. , Dafalias , Y. F. and Shen , C. K. 1990 . “Bounding surface hypoplasticity model for sand” . J. Engng. Mech., ASCE , 116 ( num. 5 ) : 983 – 1001 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler , S. J. and Karube , D. 1996 . “Constitutive modelling” . In Unsaturated Soils/Sols Non Saturés Edited by: Alonso , E. and Delage , P. 1323 – 1356 . Rotterdam : Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Whittle , A. J. and Kawadas , M. J. 1994 . “Formulation of MIT-E3 constitutive model for overconsolidated clays” . J. Geotech. Engng., ASCE , 120 ( num. 1 ) : 173 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilde , P. 1977 . “Two invariants depending models of granular media”. . Arch. Mech. Stos. , 29 : 799 – 809 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , R. K.S. and Arthur , J. R. F. 1985 . “Induced and inherent anisotropy in sand” . Géotechnique, vol , 35 ( num. 4 ) : 471 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , R. C.K. and Kaiser , P. K. 1991 . “Performance assessment of tunnels in cohesion-less soils” . J. Geotech. Engng., ASCE , 117 ( num. 12 ) : 1880 – 1901 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , D. M. 1982 . “Laboratory investigations of the behaviour of soils under cyclic loading: a review” . In Soil Mechanics—Cyclic and Transient Loads Edited by: Pande , G. N. and Zienkiewicz , O. C. 513 – 582 . Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Wu , W. 1998 . “Rational approach to anisotropy of sand” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 22 : 921 – 940 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , W. and Kolymbas , D. 2000 . “Hypoplasticity then and now” . In Constitutive Modelling of Granular Materials Edited by: Kolymbas , D. Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Yasufuku , N. , Murata , H. and Hyodo , M. 1991 . “Yield characteristics of anisotropically consolidated sand under low and high stresses” . Soils and Foundations , 31 ( num. 1 ) : 95 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Yoshimine , M. , Ishihara , K. and Vargas , W. 1998 . “Effects of principal stress direction and intermediate principal stress on undrained shear behavior of sand” . Soils and Foundations , 38 ( num. 3 ) : 179 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Zienkiewicz , O. C. and Naylor , D. J. 1971 . “An adaptation of Critical State Soil Mechanics theory for use in finite elements” . In Stress-Strain Behaviour of Soils (Roscoe Mem. Symp.) Edited by: Parry , R. H.G. Henley-on-Thames : Foulis .
   Google Scholar
• Zienkiewicz , O. C. and Naylor , D. J. 1973 . “Finite element studies of soils and porous media”. ” . In Lect. Finite Elements in Continuum Mechanics UAH Press Edited by: Oden , J. T. and De arantes , E. R.
   Google Scholar
• Zienkiewicz , O. C. , Humpheson , C. and Lewis , R. W. 1975 . “Associated and non- associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics” . Géotechnique , 25 ( num. 4 ) : 671 – 689 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zienkiewicz , O. C. and Humpheson , C. 1977 . “Viscoplasticity: a generalized model for soil behaviour” . In Numerical Models in Geotechnical Engineering Edited by: Des ai , C. A. and Christian , J. T. New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Zienkiewicz , O. C. and Mroz , Z. 1984 . “Generalized plasticity formulation and applications to geomechanics” . In Mechanics of Engineering Materials Edited by: Desai , C. S. and Gallagher , R. H. Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Zienkiewicz , O. C. , Leung , K. H. and Pastor , M. 1985 . “Simple model for transient soil loading in earthquake analysis. I: basic model and its application” . Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. , 9 : 453 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zienkiewicz , O. C. , Chan , A. H. C. , Pastor , M. , Schrefler , B. A. and Shiomi , T. 1999 . Computational Geomechanics with Special Reference to Earthquake Engineering Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar