Exploring tourists’ memorable food experiences: a study of visitors to Santa’s official hometown

References

• Adongo, C., Anuga, S., & Dayour, F. (2015). Will they tell others to taste? International tourists’ experience of Ghanaian cuisines. Tourism Management Perspectives, 15, 57–64. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2015.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariffin, A. A. M. (2013). Generic dimensionality of hospitality in the hotel industry: A host–guest relationship perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 171–179. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnould, E. J., & Price, L. L. (1993). River magic: Extraordinary experience and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 24–45. doi:10.1086/209331
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auld, C. J., & Case, A. J. (1997). Social exchange processes in leisure and non-leisure settings: A review and exploratory investigation. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 183–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. (1999). Essential of human memory. East Sussex: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Sutherland, L. (2011). Visitors’ memories of wildlife tourism: Implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences. Tourism Management, 32, 770–779. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bello, D., & Etzel, M. (1985). The role of novelty in the pleasure travel experience. Journal of Travel Research, 24, 20–26.10.1177/004728758502400104
   Google Scholar
• Berntsen, D. (2001). Involuntary memories of emotional events: Do memories of traumas and extremely happy events differ? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, S135–S158.10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharjee, A., & Mogilner, C. (2014). Happiness from ordinary and extraordinary experiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 1–17. doi:10.1086/674724
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing, 56, 57–71. doi:10.2307/1252042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björk, P., & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2016a). Interested in eating and drinking? How food affects travel satisfaction and the overall holiday experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 17, 9–26. doi:10.1080/15022250.2016.1215871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björk, P., & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2016b). Exploring the multi-dimensionality of travellers’ culinary-gastronomic experiences. Current Issues in Tourism, 19, 1260–1280. doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.868412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blodgett, J., & Granbois, D. (1992). Toward an integrated conceptual model of consumer complaining behavior. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction, and Complaining Behavior, 5, 93–103.
   Google Scholar
• Boavida-Portugal, I., Ferreira, C. C., & Rocha, J. (2015). Where to vacation? An agent-based approach to modelling tourist decision-making process. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–18. doi:10.1080/13683500.2015.1041880
   Google Scholar
• Braun-LaTour, K., Grinley, M., & Loftus, E. (2006). Tourist memory distortion. Journal of Travel Research, 44, 360–367. doi:10.1177/0047287506286721
   Google Scholar
• Bujisic, M., Bilgihan, A., & Smith, S. (2015). Relationship between guest experience, personality characteristics, and satisfaction: Moderating effect of extraversion and openness to experience. Tourism Analysis, 20, 25–38. doi:10.3727/108354215X14205687167509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmichael, B. (2005). Understanding the wine tourism experience for winery visitors in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Tourism Geographies, 7, 185–204. doi:10.1080/14616680500072414
   Google Scholar
• Caru, A., & Cova, B. (2003). Revisiting consumption experience: A more humble but complete view of the concept. Marketing Theory, 3, 259–278. doi:10.1177/14705931030032004
   Google Scholar
• Chandralal, L., Rindfleish, J., & Valenzuela, F. (2015). An application of travel blog narratives to explore memorable tourism experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 680–693. doi:10.1080/10941665.2014.925944
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandralal, L., & Valenzuela, F. (2013). Exploring memorable tourism experiences: Antecedents and behavioural outcomes. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 1, 177–181. doi:10.7763/JOEBM.2013.V1.38
   Google Scholar
• Chang, R., Kivela, J., & Mak, A. (2010). Food preferences of Chinese tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(4), 989–1011. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, G., Bao, J., & Huang, S. S. (2014). Developing a scale to measure backpackers’ personal development. Journal of Travel Research, 53, 522–536. doi:10.1177/0047287513500392
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, T. M., & Lu, C. C. (2013). Destination image, novelty, hedonics, perceived value, and revisiting behavioral intention for Island tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18, 766–783. doi:10.1080/10941665.2012.697906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhabra, D., Healy, R., & Sills, E. (2003). Staged authenticity and heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30, 702–719. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00044-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, G., & Chabrel, M. (2007). Measuring integrated rural tourism. Tourism Geographies, 9, 371–386. doi:10.1080/14616680701647550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, E., & Avieli, N. (2004). Food in tourism: Attraction and impediment. Annals of Tourism Research, 31, 755–778. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience-steps toward enhancing the quality of life. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
   Google Scholar
• Curtin, S. (2005). Nature, wild animals and tourism: An experiential view. Journal of Ecotourism, 4(1), 1–15. doi:10.1080/14724040508668434
   Google Scholar
• Desmet, P., & Schifferstein, H. (2008). Sources of positive and negative emotions in food experience. Appetite, 50, 290–301. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube, L., & LeBel, J. (2003). The content and structure of laypeople’s concept of pleasure. Cognition & Emotion, 17, 263–295. doi:10.1080/02699930302295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunman, T., & Mattila, A. (2005). The role of affective factors on perceived cruise vacation value. Tourism Management, 26, 311–323. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer, L., & Kim, C. (2003). Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6, 369–414. doi:10.1080/13683500308667962
   Google Scholar
• Eves, A., & Dervisi, P. (2005). Experiences of the implementation and operation of hazard analysis critical control points in the food service sector. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24, 3–19. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.04.005
   Google Scholar
• Fields, K. (2002). Demand for the gastronomy tourism product: Motivational factors. In A. Hjalager & G. Richards (Eds.), Tourism and gastronomy (pp. 36–50). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fischler, C. (1988). Food, self and identity. Social Science Information, 27, 275–292. doi:10.1177/053901888027002005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisvoll, A., Forbord, M., & Blekesaune, A. (2016). An empirical investigation of tourists’ consumption of local food in rural tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 16, 76–93. doi:10.1080/15022250.2015.1066918
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith, R., & Emmert, J. (1991). Measuring product category involvement: A multitrait-multimethod study. Journal of Business Research, 23, 363–371. doi:10.1016/0148-2963(91)90021-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goolaup, S., & Mossberg, L. (2017). Exploring the concept of extraordinary related to food tourists’ nature-based experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 17, 27–43. doi:10.1080/15022250.2016.1218150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, M., & Brown, G. (2006). Tourism experiences in a lifestyle destination setting: The roles of involvement and place attachment. Journal of Business Research, 59, 696–700. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M. (2012). The contradictions and paradoxes of slow food: Environmental change, sustainability and the conservation of taste. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism: Experiences and mobilities (pp. 53–68). Bristol: Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, J. (2009). Food tourism reviewed. British Food Journal, 111, 317–326. doi:10.1108/00070700910951470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjalager, A. M., & Richards, G. (2002). Still undigested: Research issues in tourism and gastronomy. In A. M. Hjalager & G. Richards (Eds.), Tourism and gastronomy (pp. 224–234). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption – Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 132–140.10.1086/jcr.1982.9.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtzman, J. D. (2006). Food and memory. Annual Review of Anthropology, 35, 361–378.10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horng, J.-S., & Tsai, C.-T. (2010). Government websites for promoting East Asian culinary tourism: A cross-national analysis. Tourism Management, 31, 74–85. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2009.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hospers, G. J. (2009). Lynch, Urry and city marketing: Taking advantage of the city as a built and graphic image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 5, 226–233.10.1057/pb.2009.10
   Google Scholar
• Kauppinen-Räisänen, H., Gummerus, J., & Lehtola, K. (2013). Remembered eating experiences described by the self, place, food, context and time. British Food Journal, 115, 666–685. doi:10.1108/00070701311331571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J.-H. (2009). Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Indiana.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J.-H. (2010). Determining the factors affecting the memorable nature of travel experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27, 780–796. doi:10.1080/10548408.2010.526897
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. G., Eves, A., & Scarles, C. (2009). Building a model of local food consumption on trips and holidays: A grounded theory approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 423–431. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., & Ritchie, J. (2014). Cross-cultural validation of a memorable tourism experience scale (MTES). Journal of Travel Research, 53, 323–335. doi:10.1177/0047287513496468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J.-H., Ritchie, J., & McCormick, B. (2012). Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 51, 12–25. doi:10.1177/0047287510385467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J.-H., Ritchie, J., & Tung, V. (2010). The effect of memorable experience on behavioral intentions in tourism: A structural equation modeling approach. Tourism Analysis, 15, 637–648. doi:10.3727/108354210X12904412049776
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. G., Suh, B. W., & Eves, A. (2010). The relationships between food-related personality traits, satisfaction, and loyalty among visitors attending food events and festivals. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 216–226. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivela, J., & Crotts, J. C. (2006). Tourism and gastronomy: Gastronomy’s influence on how tourists experience a destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 30, 354–377. doi:10.1177/1096348006286797
   Google Scholar
• Kong, W.-H., & Chang, T. Z. (2012). The role of souvenir shopping in a diversified Macau destination portfolio. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 21, 357–373. doi:10.1080/19368623.2011.615022
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, S. (2007). Aspects of a psychology of the tourist experience. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7, 7–18. doi:10.1080/15022250701226014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lashley, C., Morrison, A., & Randall, S. (2004). My most memorable meal ever! Hospitality as an emotional experience. In D. Sloan (Ed.), Culinary taste (pp. 165–184): Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, T., & Crompton, J. (1992). Measuring novelty seeking in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 732–751. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(92)90064-V
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, L., & Mao, P.-C. (2015). Food for memories and culture – A content analysis study of food specialties and souvenirs. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 22, 1–30. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2014.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locher, J., Yoels, W., Maurer, D., & van Ells, J. (2005). Comfort foods: An exploratory journey into the social and emotional significance of food. Food & Foodways, 13, 273–297. doi:10.1080/07409710500334509
   Google Scholar
• Mak, A., Lumbers, M., Eves, A., & Chang, R. (2012). Factors influencing tourist food consumption. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 928–936. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.10.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredo, M. J. (1989). An investigation of the basis for external information search in recreation and tourism. Leisure Sciences, 11, 29–45. doi:10.1080/01490408909512203
   Google Scholar
• Mannell, R., & Iso-Ahola, S. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 314–331.10.1016/0160-7383(87)90105-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschall, S. (2012). Tourism and memory. Annals of Tourism Research, 39, 2216–2219. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, M. C., & Paggiaro, A. (2012). Investigating the role of festivalscape in culinary tourism: The case of food and wine events. Tourism Management, 33, 1329–1336. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.12.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre, N., & Pigram, J. J. (1992). Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle-based campers. Leisure Sciences, 14, 3–15.10.1080/01490409209513153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meiselman, H. L., Mastroianni, G., Buller, M., & Edwards, J. (1999). Longitudinal measurement of three eating behavior scales during a period of change. Food Quality and Preference, 10, 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mill, R. (1990). Tourism: The international business. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, R., & Hall, C. M. (2003). Consuming tourists: Food tourism consumer behaviour. In C. M. Hall, L. Sharples, R. Mitchell, N. Macionis, & B. Cambourne (Eds.), Food tourism around the world: Development, management and markets (pp. 60–80). Oxford: Elevier.10.1016/B978-0-7506-5503-3.50006-3
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, M., & Xu, F. (2009). Student travel experiences: Memories and dreams. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 18, 216–236. doi:10.1080/19368620802591967
   Google Scholar
• Munoz, C., & Wood, N. (2009). A recipe for success: Understanding regional perceptions of authenticity in themed restaurants. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3, 269–280. doi:10.1108/17506180910980564
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, L., Benckendorff, P., & Moscardo, G. (2007). Destination brand personality: Visitor perceptions of a regional tourism destination. Tourism Analysis, 12, 419–432. doi:10.3727/108354207783227948
   Google Scholar
• Mynttinen, S., Logren, J., Särkkä-Tirkkonen, M., & Rautiainen, T. (2015). Perceptions of food and its locality among Russian tourists in the South Savo region of Finland. Tourism Management, 48, 455–466. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal, J., Sirgy, M., & Uysal, M. (1999). The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall Life. Journal of Business Research, 44, 153–163. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00197-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto, J., & Ritchie, J. (1996). The service experience in tourism. Tourism Management, 17, 65–74. doi:10.1016/0261-5177(96)00003-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, C., Cooper, J., & Burns, P. (2010). Culture, identity, and belonging in the “culinary underbelly”. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4, 311–326. doi:10.1108/17506181011081497
   Google Scholar
• Perdue, R. (2003). Stakeholder analysis in Colorado ski resort communities. Tourism Analysis, 8, 233–236. doi:10.3727/108354203774076797.
   Google Scholar
• Pesonen, P., Komppula, R., Kronenberg, C., & Peters, M. (2011). Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivations in rural tourism. Tourism Review, 66, 32–49. doi:10.1108/16605371111175311
   Google Scholar
• Petrick, J. (2002). An examination of golf vacationers’ novelty. Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 384–400. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00040-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pliner, P., & Hobden, K. (1992). Development of a scale to measure the trait of food neophobia in humans. Appetite, 19, 105–120. doi:10.1016/0195-6663(92)90014-W
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pliner, P., & Salvy, S. (2006). Food neophobia in humans. In R. Shepherd, & M. Raats (Eds.), The psychology of food choice (pp. 75–92). Wallingford: CABI.
   Google Scholar
• Poria, Y., Butler, R., & Airey, D. (2004). Links between tourists, heritage, and reasons for visiting heritage sites. Journal of Travel Research, 4, 19–28. doi:10.1177/0047287504265508
   Google Scholar
• Quan, S., & Wang, N. (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: An illustration from food experiences in tourism. Tourism Management, 25, 297–305. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00130-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. (1998). A cultural analysis of Japanese tourists: Challenges for tourism marketers. European Journal of Marketing, 33, 1203–1227. doi:10.1108/03090569910292348
   Google Scholar
• Richards, G. (2002). Gastronomy as a tourist product: The perspective of gastronomy studies. In A. M. Hjalager & G. Richards (Eds.), Tourism and gastronomy (pp. 3–20). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, G. (2012). An overview of food and tourism trends and policies, food and the tourism experience: The OECD Korea workshop. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, J. R. B., & Hudson, S. (2009). Understanding and meeting the challenges of consumer/tourist experience research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 111–126. doi:10.1002/jtr.721
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, R., & Getz, D. (2014). Profiling potential food tourists: An Australian study. British Food Journal, 116, 690–706. doi:10.1108/BFJ-02-2012-0030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozin, P. (2006). The integration of biological, social, cultural and psychological influences on food choice. In R. Shepherd & M. Raats (Eds.), The psychology of food choice (pp. 19–39). Oxfordshire: CABI.10.1079/9780851990323.0000
   Google Scholar
• Schänzel, H. A., & Lynch, P. A. (2015). Family perspectives on social hospitality dimensions while on holiday. Tourist Studies, 1, 1–18. doi:10.1177/1468797615594742
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, B. (2011). Memory: Foundations and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Selstad, L. (2007). The social anthropology of the tourist experience. Exploring the “middle role”. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7, 19–33. doi:10.1080/15022250701256771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirgy, J. S., Kruger, P. S., Lee, D.-J., & Bu, G. B. (2011). How does a travel trip affect tourists’ life satisfaction? Journal of Travel Research, 50, 261–275. doi:10.1177/0047287510362784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sthapit, E., & Coudounaris, D. (2017). Memorable tourism experiences: Antecedents and outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1–23. doi:10.1080/15022250.2017.1287003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson, K. K. (2004). Tourists’ and retailers’ perceptions of souvenirs. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10, 363–377. doi:10.1177/135676670401000407
   Google Scholar
• Swarbrooke, J., & Horner, S. (2007). Consumer behavior in tourism. Oxford: Elsevier Linacre House.
   Google Scholar
• Tarssanen, S. (2007). Handbook for experience stagers. Rovaniemi: Lapland Center of Expertise for the Experience Industry.
   Google Scholar
• Trauer, B., & Ryan, C. (2007). Destination image, romance and place experience – An application of intimacy theory in tourism. Tourism Management, 26, 481–491. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2004.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, C. (2016). Memorable tourist experiences and place attachment when consuming local food. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18, 536–548. doi:10.1002/jtr.2070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse, P., & Crotts, J. (2005). Antecedents of novelty seeking: International visitors’ propensity to experiment across Hong Kong’s culinary traditions. Tourism Management, 26, 965–968. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2004.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsiotsou, R., & Goldsmith, R. (2012). Strategic marketing in tourism services. Bingley: Emerald.
   Google Scholar
• Tung, V., & Ritchie, J. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38, 1367–1386. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uriely, N. (2005). The tourist experience: Conceptual developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 32, 199–216. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uysal, M., Perdue, R., & Sirgy, M. (2012). Handbook of tourism and quality-of-life research. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-94-007-2288-0
   Google Scholar
• Vignolles, A., & Paul-Emmanuel, P. (2014). A taste of nostalgia: Links between nostalgia and food consumption. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 17, 225–238. doi:10.1108/QMR-06-2012-0027
   Google Scholar
• Wang, R., Kirillova, K., & Lehto, X. (2016). Travelers’ food experience sharing on social network sites. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 1–14. doi:10.1080/10548408.2016.1224751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijaya, S., King, B., Nguyen, T.-H., & Morrison, A. (2013). International visitor dining experiences: A conceptual framework. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 20, 34–42. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2013.07.001
   Google Scholar
• Wilkins, H. (2011). Souvenirs: What and why we buy. Journal of Travel Research, 50, 239–247. doi:10.1177/0047287510362782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodside, A. G. (2008). Advances in culture, tourism and hospitality research. London: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Y., & McGehee, N. (2012). Shopping behavior of Chinese tourists visiting the United States: Letting the shoppers do the talking. Tourism Management, 33, 427–430. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar