Comparison of histopathologic and clinical characteristics of microsatellite instability in colorectal adenocarcinomas and its impact on survival

References

• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of ıncidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pino MS, Chung DC. The chromosomal instability pathway ın colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(6):2059–2072. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen LH, Goel A, Chung DC. Pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(2):291–302. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carethers J. Heredıtary, sporadıc and metastatıc colorectal cancer are commonly drıven by specıfıc spectrums of defectıve dna mısmatch repaır components. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2016;127:81–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kang S, Na Y, Joung SY, et al. The significance of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer after controlling for clinicopathological factors. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(9):e0019. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boland CR, Thibodeau SN, Hamilton SR, et al. A national cancer ınstitute workshop on microsatellite instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition: development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 1998;58(22):5248–5257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami H, Zaanan A, Sinicrope FA. Microsatellite instability testing and its role in the management of colorectal cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2015;16(7):30. doi: 10.1007/s11864-015-0348-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung SB, Lee HI, Oh HK, et al. Clinico-pathologic parameters for prediction of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(3):179–186. doi: 10.4143/crt.2012.44.3.179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques AC, Ferraro-Peyret C, Michaud F, et al. Improved NGS-based detection of microsatellite instability using tumor-only data. Front Oncol. 2022;12:969238. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagtegaal ID, Arends M, Salto-Tellez M. World Health Organization classification of tumours of the digestive system: tumours of the colon and rectum. 5th ed. Lyon (France): IARC; 2019
   Google Scholar
• cap.org [Internet]. Northfield (IL): CAP; [cited 2023 Dec]. Available from: https://www.cap.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Lugli A, Kirsch R, Ajioka Y, et al. Recommendations for reporting tumor budding in colorectal cancer based on the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) 2016. Mod Pathol. 2017;30(9):1299–1311. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimenez-Rodriguez RM, Patil S, Keshinro A, et al. Quantitative assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in mismatch repair proficient colon cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2020;9(1):1841948. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2020.1841948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi Y, Taki T, Nakai T, et al. Clinicopathological features and prognostic impact of dirty necrosis in metastatic lung cancers from the colon and rectum. Cancer Sci. 2022;114(5):2169–2177. doi: 10.1111/cas.15647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan S, Cui X, Zheng L, et al. Prognostic value of desmoplastic stromal reaction, tumor budding and tumor-stroma ratio in stage II colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2022;13(6):2903–2921. doi: 10.21037/jgo-22-758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelt van GW, Kjær-Frifeldt S, van Krieken JHJM, et al. Scoring the tumor-stroma ratio in colon cancer: procedure and recommendations. Virchows Arch. 2018;473(4):405–412. doi: 10.1007/s00428-018-2408-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawicki T, Ruszkowska M, Danielewicz A, et al. A review of colorectal cancer in terms of epidemiology, risk factors, development, symptoms and diagnosis. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(9):2025. doi: 10.3390/cancers13092025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain M, Karuniawati H, Jairoun AA, et al. Colorectal cancer: a review of carcinogenesis, global epidemiology, current challenges, risk factors, preventive and treatment strategies. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(7):1732. doi: 10.3390/cancers14071732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei WJ, Mi M, Qian J, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics of high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer: a narrative review. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1019582. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1019582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindor NM, Burgart LJ, Leontovich O, et al. Immunohistochemistry Versus microsatellite instability testing in phenotyping colorectal tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(4):1043–1048. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.4.10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thelin C, Sikka S. Screening for colorectal cancer with colonoscopy: epidemiology of colorectal cancer—Incidence, lifetime risk factors statistics and temporal trends. 1 st ed. London (UK): IntechOpen; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Rawla P, Sunkara T, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Prz Gastroenterol. 2019;14(2):89–103. doi: 10.5114/pg.2018.81072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong MCS, Huang J, Lok V, et al. Differences in ıncidence and mortality trends of colorectal cancer worldwide based on sex, age, and anatomic location. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(5):955–966.e61. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenson JK, Huang SC, Herron C, et al. Pathologic predictors of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(1):126–133. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31817ec2b1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright CL, Stewart ID. Histopathology and mismatch repair status of 458 consecutive colorectal carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(11):1393–1406. doi: 10.1097/00000478-200311000-00001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rantanen P, Keränen A, Barot S, et al. The prognostic significance of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: a swedish multi-center study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023;38(1):197. doi: 10.1007/s00384-023-04480-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Sohaily S, Biankin A, Leong R, et al. Molecular pathways in colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(9):1423–1431. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07200.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battaglin F, Naseem M, Lenz HJ, et al. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: overview of its clinical significance and novel perspectives. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2018;16(11):735–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao H, Yoon YS, Hong SM, et al. Poorly differentiated colorectal cancers: correlation of microsatellite instability with clinicopathologic features and survival. Am J Clin Pathol. 2013;140(3):341–347. doi: 10.1309/AJCP8P2DYNKGRBVI.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins G, Southward K, Handley K, et al. Value of mismatch repair, KRAS, and BRAF mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(10):1261–1270. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.1366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim CG, Ahn JB, Jung M, et al. Effects of microsatellite instability on recurrence patterns and outcomes in colorectal cancers. Br J Cancer. 2016;115(1):25–33. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2016.161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popat S, Hubner R, Houlston RS. Systematic review of microsatellite instability and colorectal cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(3):609–618. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.01.086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran B, Mert Ozupek N, Yerli Tetik N, et al. Difference between left-sided and right-sided colorectal cancer: a focused review of literature. Gastroenterology Res. 2018;11(4):264–273. doi: 10.14740/gr1062w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carneiro F, Arends MJ, Lax SF, et al. World Health Organization classification of tumours of the digestive system: genetic tumour syndromes of the digestive system. 5th ed. Lyon (France): IARC; 2019
   Google Scholar
• Malik A, Bhatia JK, Sahai K, et al. Evaluating morphological features for predicting microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer. Med J Armed Forces India. 2022;78(Suppl 1):S96–S104. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.03.024.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deligonul A, Avci N, Kurtul M, et al. Prognostic significance of microsatellite instability in turkish patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer. Eurasian J Med Invest. 2021;5(1):62–66. doi: 10.14744/ejmi.2021.19999.
   Google Scholar
• Toyran T, Erdogan K, Kiliç Bağir E, et al. Effect of microsatellite instability on histopathological parameters and prognosis in Colon cancers. Cukurova Med J. 2023;48(1):1–10. doi: 10.17826/cumj.1217604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iacopetta B, Grieu F, Amanuel B. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2010;6(4):260–269. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2010.01335.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda Y, Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, et al. Significance of the mucinous component in the histopathological classification of Colon cancer. Surg Today. 2016;46(3):303–308. doi: 10.1007/s00595-015-1150-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner JR. Robbins and cotran pathologic basis of disease: the gastrointestinal tract. 9th ed. Canada: Elsevier Saunders, 2015
   Google Scholar
• Puppa G, Maisonneuve P, Sonzogni A, et al. Pathological assessment of pericolonic tumor deposits in advanced colonic carcinoma: relevance to prognosis and tumor staging. Mod Pathol. 2007;20(8):843–855. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Hu W, Hu K, et al. Association of KRAS mutation with tumor deposit status and overall survival of colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2020;31(7):683–689. doi: 10.1007/s10552-020-01313-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koelzer VH, Zlobec I, Lugli A. Tumor budding in colorectal cancer—ready for diagnostic practice? Hum Pathol. 2016;47(1):4–19. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topal U, Gülcan P, Yüksel S, et al. The relationship between microsatellite instability in colorectal adenocarcinoma and tumor budding and histopathological parameters. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27(20):9793–9800. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugli A, Vlajnic T, Giger O, et al. Intratumoral budding as a potential parameter of tumor progression in mismatch repair-proficient and mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer patients. Hum Pathol. 2011;42(12):1833–1840. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.02.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen AC, Sørensen FB, Lindebjerg J, et al. The prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in stage II colon cancer. A nationwide population-based study. Transl Oncol. 2018;11(4):979–987. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iseki Y, Shibutani M, Maeda K, et al. A new method for evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal cancer using hematoxylin and eosin (H-E)-stained tumor sections. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0192744. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klintrup K, Mäkinen JM, Kauppila S, et al. Inflammation and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41(17):2645–2654. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.07.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh JW, Lee JH, Kim HR. Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for patients with colorectal cancer. Arch Surg. 2012;147(4):366–372. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2012.35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, et al. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. Cell Death Differ. 2018;25(3):486–541. doi: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenson JK, Bonner JD, Ben-Yzhak O, et al. Phenotype of microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinomas: well-differentiated and focally mucinous tumors and the absence of dirty necrosis correlate with microsatellite instability. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(5):563–570. doi: 10.1097/00000478-200305000-00001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angeli F, Koumakis G, Chen MC, et al. Role of stromal fibroblasts in cancer: promoting or impeding? Tumour Biol. 2009;30(3):109–120. doi: 10.1159/000218708.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nearchou IP, Kajiwara Y, Mochizuki S, et al. Novel ınternationally verified method reports desmoplastic reaction as the most significant prognostic feature for disease-specific survival in stage II colorectal cancer. Am J Surg Pathol. 2019;43(9):1239–1248. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesker W, Liefers GJ, Junggeburt J, et al. Presence of a high amount of stroma and downregulation of SMAD4 predict for worse survival for stage I–II colon cancer patients. Cell Oncol. 2009;31(3):169–178. doi: 10.3233/CLO-2009-0478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huijbers A, Tollenaar RAEM, V Pelt GW, et al. The proportion of tumor-stroma as a strong prognosticator for stage II and III colon cancer patients: validation in the VICTOR trial. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(1):179–185. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlobec I, Baker K, Minoo P, et al. Tumor border configuration added to TNM staging better stratifies stage II colorectal cancer patients into prognostic subgroups. Cancer. 2009;115(17):4021–4029. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Román R, Verdú M, Calvo M, et al. Microsatellite instability of the colorectal carcinoma can be predicted in the conventional pathologic examination. A prospective multicentric study and the statistical analysis of 615 cases consolidate our previously proposed logistic regression model. Virchows Arch. 2010;456(5):533–541. doi: 10.1007/s00428-010-0896-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar