Visual communication desensitization (VCD©): a novel two-phased approach to interviewing traumatized individuals in investigative contexts

References

• Aranburu, X. (2010). Sexual violence beyond reasonable doubt: Using pattern evidence and analysis for international cases. Leiden Journal of International Law, 23, 609–627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass, J. K., Annan, J., McIvor, S., Kaysen, D., Griffiths, S., Cetinoglu, T., … Bolton, P. (2011). Controlled trial of psychotherapy for Congolese survivors of sexual violence. The New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 2182–2191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergsmo, M. (2011). Using old evidence in core international crime cases. FICHL. Policy Brief Series No.6.
   Google Scholar
• Bowles, P. V., & Sharman, S. J. (2014). A review of the impact of different types of leading interview questions on child and adult witnesses with intellectual disabilities. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 21, 205–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R. (2007). Autobiographical memory for trauma: An update on four controversies. Memory, 15, 227–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R. (2011). The nature and significance or memory disturbance in posttraumatic stress disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 203–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. A., Mastrodomenico, J., Hopwood, S., Kenny, L.,  Cahill, Kandris, E., & Taylor, K. (2013). Augmenting cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder with emotion tolerance training: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 43, 2153–2160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudgeon, P. (2012). Indigenous Australian mental health and Racism: There could be cathedrals of spirit as well as stone. Psychology Aotearoa, 4, 85–91.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, R. P., Brewer, N., & Mitchell, G. (2009). The relation between consistence and accuracy of witness testimony: Legal versus cognitive explanations. In T. Williamson, R. Bull, & T. Valentine (Eds.), Handbook of psychology of investigative interviewing: Current developments and future directions (pp. 121–136). Chichester, UK: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, R. P., & Geiselman, R. E. (1992). Memory enhancing techniques for investigative interviewing: The cognitive interview. Springfiled, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
   Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11, 303–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbert, F., Hope, L., & Fisher, R. P. (2009). Protecting eye-witness evidence: Examining the efficacy of a self-administered interview tool. Law & Human Behaviour, 33, 298–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff, L. M., & Roediger, H. L. (1998). Imagination inflation for action events: Repeated imaginings lead to illusory recollections. Memory & Cognition, 26, 20–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorlick, B. (2002). New issues in refugee research. Common burdens and standards: Legal elements in assessing claims to refugee status. Working Paper No. 68. Geneva: UNHCR.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, M. (2014). The reliability of assault victims’ immediate accounts: Evidence from trauma studies. Stanford Law Policy & Review, 26, 269–305.
   Google Scholar
• Herlihy, J., Scragg, P., & Turner, S. (2002). Discrepancies in autobiographical memories – implications for the assessment of asylum seekers: Repeated interview study. British Medical Journal, 324, 324–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, E. A., James, E. L., Kilford, E. J., & Deeprose, C. (2010). Key step in developing a cognitive vaccine against traumatic flashbacks: Visuospatial tetris versus verbal pub quiz. Plos One, 5, e13706–.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, L. (2013). Interviewing in forensic settings. In D. S. Dunn (Ed.), Oxford bibliographies in psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hope, L., Mullis, R., & Gabbert, F. (2013). Who? What? When? Using a timeline technique to facilitate recall of a complex event. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2, 20–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Labor Organization. (2012). 21 million are now victims of forced labor. Press release 01 June 2012. Retrieved from http://ilo.org/global/about-the-ilonewsroom/news/WCMS_18.
   Google Scholar
• International Organization for Migration. (2015). Addressing human trafficking and exploitation in times of crisis Evidence and recommendations for further actions to protect mobile and vulnerable populations. Retrieved from https://publications.iom.int/system/files/addressing_human_trafficking_dec2015
   Google Scholar
• International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims. (2009). Shedding light on a dark practice: Using the Istanbul Protocol to document torture. Copenhagen: IRCT.
   Google Scholar
• Laney, C., & Loftus, E. (2008). Recent advances in false memory research. South African Journal of Psychology, 43, 137–146.
   Google Scholar
• La Rooy, D. J., & Lamb, M. E. (2008). What happens when young witnesses are interviewed more than once? Forensic Update, 95, 25–28.
   Google Scholar
• Lindholm, J., Cederborg, A.-C., & Alm, C. (2014). Adolescent girls exploited in the sex trade: Informativeness and evasiveness in investigative interviews. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 16, 197–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien, M. J., & Kebbell, M. R. (2014). Interview techniques in International Criminal Justice for War Crimes. In R. Bull (Ed.), Investigative interviewing. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sandick, P. A. (2012). Speechlessness and trauma: Why the International Criminal Court needs a public interviewing guide. Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights, 11, 105–125.
   Google Scholar
• Strange, D., Garry, M., & Sutherland, R. (2003). Drawing out children's false memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 607–619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). (2015). Downloaded from news: Worldwide displacement hits all time high as war and persecution increase. UNHCR.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Security Council. (2015). Conflict related sexual violence. Report of the Secretary General. S/2015/203.
   Google Scholar
• Vrij, A., Hope, L., & Fisher, R. P. (2014). Eliciting reliable information in investigative interviews. Policy Insights from the Behavioural & Brain Sciences (PIBBS), 1, 129–136.
   Google Scholar
• Walby, S., Towers, J., & Francis, B. (2016). Is violence increasing or decreasing? : a new methodology to measure repeat attacks making visible the significance of gender and domestic relations. British Journal of Criminology, 56, 1203–1234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, W., Murray, L., Zangana, G., Mahmooth, Z., Kaysen, D., Dorsey, S., … Bolton, P. (2015). Community-based mental health treatments for survivors of torture and militant attacks in Southern Iraq: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolpe, J. (1961). The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 132, 189–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2007). Iraq Family Health Survey Report. IFHS 2006/7. Retrieved from www.who.int/mediacentre/news2008
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. World Health Organization. ISBN978 92 4 156462 5. Retrieved from www.who.int/mediasentre/news/releases/2013
   Google Scholar