15
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Testing the model of judicial stress using a COVID-era survey of U.S. federal court personnel

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 381-400 | Received 21 Dec 2023, Accepted 10 Apr 2024, Published online: 12 May 2024

References

  • Adams, R. E., Boscarino, J. A., & Figley, C. R. (2006). Compassion fatigue and psychological distress among social workers: A validation study. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.103
  • Allan, J. L., Bender, K. A., & Theodossiou, I. (2020). Performance pay and low-grade stress: An experimental study. Work (Reading, Mass.), 67(2), 449–457. https://content.iospress.com/articles/work/wor203294 https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203294
  • Almazrouei, M. A., Dror, I. E., & Morgan, R. M. (2020). Organizational and human factors affecting forensic decision‐making: Workplace stress and feedback. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 65(6), 1968–1977.; https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14542
  • Baum, A. (1990). Stress, intrusive imagery, and chronic distress. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 9(6), 653–675. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.9.6.653
  • Beck, C. T. (2011). Secondary traumatic stress in nurses: A systematic review. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 25(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2010.05.005
  • Blair, I. V., Judd, C. M., & Chapleau, K. M. (2004). The influence of Afrocentric facial features in criminal sentencing. Psychological Science, 15(10), 674–679. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00739.x
  • Blascovich, J. (2013). Challenge and threat appraisal. In Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 431–445). Psychology Press.
  • Bodenhausen, G. V. (1990). Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychological Science, 1(5), 319–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00226.x
  • Bodenhausen, G. V., & Wyer, R. S. (1985). Effects of stereotypes in decision making and information-processing strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(2), 267–282. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.2.267
  • Bragard, I., Dupuis, G., & Fleet, R. (2015). Quality of work life, burnout, and stress in emergency department physicians: A qualitative review. European Journal of Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine, 22(4), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000194
  • Bride, B. E. (2007). Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among social workers. Social Work, 52(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/52.1.63
  • Burgess, D. J. (2010). Are providers more likely to contribute to healthcare disparities under high levels of cognitive load? How features of the healthcare setting may lead to biases in medical decision making. Medical Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making, 30(2), 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X09341751
  • Chamberlain, J., & Miller, M. K. (2008). Stress in the courtroom: Call for research. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 15(2), 237–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710802014485
  • Chamberlain, J., & Miller, M. K. (2009). Evidence of secondary traumatic stress, safety concerns, and burnout among a homogeneous group of judges in a single jurisdiction. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 37(2), 214–224. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-10030-011
  • Chang, M.-L. (2009). An appraisal perspective of teacher burnout: Examining the emotional work of teachers. Educational Psychology Review, 21(3), 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-009-9106-y
  • Cleary, M., Hungerford, C., Lopez, V., & Cutcliffe, J. R. (2015). Towards effective management in psychiatric-mental health nursing: the dangers and consequences of micromanagement. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 36(6), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2014.968694
  • Daniel, C. O. (2019). Effects of job stress on employee’s performance. International Journal of Business Management and Social Research, 6(2), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.18801/ijbmsr.060219.40
  • Dowden, C., & Tellier, C. (2004). Predicting work-related stress in correctional officers: A meta-analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2003.10.003
  • Epel, E. S., Crosswell, A. D., Mayer, S. E., Prather, A. A., Slavich, G. M., Puterman, E., & Mendes, W. B. (2018). More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 49, 146–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.001
  • Epstein, S., Lipson, A., Holstein, C., & Huh, E. (1992). Irrational reactions to negative outcomes: Evidence for two conceptual systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 328–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.328
  • Evans, J. S. B., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Dual-process theories of higher cognition: Advancing the debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 223–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612460685
  • Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue as a secondary traumatic stress disorder: An overview. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized (pp. 1–20). Taylor & Francis.
  • Fink, G. (Ed.). (2016). Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior: handbook of stress series (Vol. 1.). Academic Press.
  • Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 25–42. 10.1257/089533005775196732
  • Gershon, R. R. M., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., & Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(3), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808330015
  • Gigerenzer, G., & Gaissmaier, W. (2011). Heuristic decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 62(1), 451–482. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145346
  • Gigerenzer, G., Reb, J., & Luan, S. (2022). Smart heuristics for individuals, teams, and organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9(1), 171–198. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-090506
  • Gilbert, D. T. (1989). Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social inference process. In Unintended thought (pp. 189–211). The Guilford Press.
  • Hargrove, M. B., Becker, W. S., & Hargrove, D. F. (2015). The HRD eustress model: Generating positive stress with challenging work. Human Resource Development Review, 14(3), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315598086
  • Hellesøy, O., Grønhaug, K., & Kvitastein, O. (2000). Burnout: Conceptual issues and empirical findings from a new research setting. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 16(3), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5221(99)00028-7
  • Herbert, J. (1997). Fortnightly review: Stress, the brain, and mental illness. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 315(7107), 530–535. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7107.530
  • Hoel, H., Sparks, K., & Cooper, C. L. (2001). The cost of violence/stress at work and the benefits of a violence/stress-free working environment (p. 81). International Labour Organization.
  • Hydon, S., Wong, M., Langley, A. K., Stein, B. D., & Kataoka, S. H. (2015). Preventing secondary traumatic stress in educators. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24(2), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.11.003
  • Janssen, P. P., Jonge, J. D., & Bakker, A. B. (1999). Specific determinants of intrinsic work motivation, burnout and turnover intentions: A study among nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29(6), 1360–1369. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01022.x
  • Jenkins, S. R., & Baird, S. (2002). Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious trauma: A validational study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(5), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020193526843
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
  • Kalleberg, A. L., Nesheim, T., & Olsen, K. M. (2009). Is participation good or bad for workers?: Effects of autonomy, consultation, and teamwork on stress among workers in Norway. Acta Sociologica, 52(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699309103999
  • Kim, J. J., Song, E. Y., Kim, J. J., Song, E. Y., & Kosten, T. A. (2006). Stress effects in the hippocampus: synaptic plasticity and memory. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890600678004
  • LaLiberte, T. L., & Lightfoot, E. (2013). Breaking down the silos: Examining the intersection between child welfare and disability. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 7(5), 471–479. 10.1080/15548732.2013.865962
  • Le Fevre, M., Matheny, J., & Kolt, G. S. (2003). Eustress, distress, and interpretation in occupational stress. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(7), 726–744. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940310502412
  • Levin, A. P., Putney, H., Crimmins, D., & McGrath, J. G. (2021). Secondary traumatic stress, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and perceived organizational trauma readiness in forensic science professionals. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 66(5), 1758–1769.; https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14747
  • Lloyd, C., King, R., & Chenoweth, L. (2002). Social work, stress, and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230020023642
  • Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Depression anxiety stress scales [Dataset record]. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t01004-000
  • Maslach, C. (2003). Burnout: The cost of caring. Malor Books.
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Burnout. In Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 351–357). Academic Press.
  • Manning, J. (2017). In vivo coding. In Matthes, J. (Ed.), The international encyclopedia of communication research methods. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0270
  • Maroney, T. A., Swenson, D. X., Bibelhausen, J., & Marc, D. (2023). The state of judges’ well-being: A report on the 2019 national judicial stress and resiliency survey. Judicature, 107(1), 22–33.
  • Meier, J. S., & Sankaran, V. (2021). Breaking down the silos that harm children: A call to child welfare, domestic violence, and family court professionals. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, 28(3), 275– 304. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/vajsplw28&i=287
  • Miller, M. K., Edwards, C. P., Reichert, J., & Bornstein, B. H. (2018). An examination of outcomes predicted by the model of judicial stress. Judicature, 102(3), 13.
  • Miller, M. K., Reichert, J., Bornstein, B. H., & Shulman, G. (2018). Judicial stress: The roles of gender and social support. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 25(4), 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2018.1469436
  • Miller, M. K., & Richardson, J. T. (2006). A model of causes and effects of judicial stress. Judges Journal, 45, 20–23. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/judgej45&i=178
  • Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2013). Occupational stress and turnover intention: Implications for nursing management. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1(2), 169–176. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3937923/ https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2013.30
  • Moreno, C., Wykes, T., Galderisi, S., Nordentoft, M., Crossley, N., Jones, N., Cannon, M., Correll, C. U., Byrne, L., Carr, S., Chen, E. Y. H., Gorwood, P., Johnson, S., Kärkkäinen, H., Krystal, J. H., Lee, J., Lieberman, J., López-Jaramillo, C., Männikkö, M., … Arango, C. (2020). How mental health care should change as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(9), 813–824.
  • National Center for State Courts. (2021, January 16). Addressing the mental health and well-being of judges and court employees. https://www.ncsc.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/59603/Addressing-the-Mental-Health-and-Well-being-of-Judges-and-Court-Employees-Final.pdf
  • Newell, J. M., & MacNeil, G. A. (2010). Professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue: A review of theoretical terms, risk factors, and preventive methods for clinicians and researchers. Best Practices in Mental Health, 6(2), 57–68.
  • Nordstrom, C. R., Williams, K. B., & LeBreton, J. M. (1996). The effect of cognitive load on the processing of employment selection information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18(3), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp1803_4
  • Oshagbemi, T. (1999). Overall job satisfaction: how good are single versus multiple‐item measures? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 14(5), 388–403. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949910277148
  • Pearlman, L. A., & Saakvitne, K. W. (1995). Trauma and the therapist: Countertransference and vicarious traumatization in psychotherapy with incest survivors. WW Norton & Co.
  • Pearson, L. C., & Moomaw, W. (2005). The relationship between teacher autonomy and stress, work satisfaction, empowerment, and professionalism. Educational Research Quarterly, 29(1), 38–54. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ej718115
  • Reichert, J., Miller, M. K., Bornstein, B. H., & Edwards, C. P. (2018). Judges and stress: An examination of outcomes predicted by the model of judicial stress. Judicature, 102(3), 50–61. https://judicature.duke.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/STRESS-For-Web.pdf
  • Rupert, P. A., & Morgan, D. J. (2005). Work setting and burnout among professional psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(5), 544–550. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.544
  • Salston, M., & Figley, C. R. (2003). Secondary traumatic stress effects of working with survivors of criminal victimization. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(2), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022899207206
  • Slack, D. P. (2020). Trauma and coping mechanisms exhibited by forensic science practitioners: A literature review. Forensic Science International: Synergy, 2, 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.10.001
  • The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2024). February 29). Organizational and individual stress management. Retrieved March 18, 2024, from https://www.samhsa.gov/dtac/disaster-response-template-toolkit/organizational-individual-stress-management
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.595
  • Schiro, S., Elwood, L. S., Streed, T., & Kivisto, A. J. (2023). Occupational exposure to traumatic evidence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in forensic science professionals: Prevalence and patterns. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 68(4), 1259–1267. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15292
  • Schrever, C., Hulbert, C., & Sourdin, T. (2022). Where stress presides: predictors and correlates of stress among Australian judges and magistrates. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 29(2), 290–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2021.1904456
  • Simmons, C., Cochran, J. K., & Blount, W. R. (1997). The effects of job-related stress and job satisfaction on probation officers’ inclinations to quit. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 21(2), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02887450
  • Simonovic, B., Stupple, E. J., Gale, M., & Sheffield, D. (2017). Stress and risky decision making: Cognitive reflection, emotional learning or both. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30(2), 658–665. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1980
  • Smith, T. D., Hughes, K., DeJoy, D. M., & Dyal, M.-A. (2018). Assessment of relationships between work stress, work-family conflict, burnout and firefighter safety behavior outcomes. Safety Science, 103, 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.12.005
  • Snider, K. M. (2023). Losing a child to juvenile incarceration: An experience of grief and loss [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Nevada.
  • Snider, K. M., Devereux, P. D., & Miller, M. K. (2022). Judges’ emotion: An application of the emotion regulation process model. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 29(2), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2021.1904454
  • Stawski, R. S., Sliwinski, M. J., Smyth, J. M., & University, S. (2006). Stress-related cognitive interference predicts cognitive function in old age. Psychology and Aging, 21(3), 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.535
  • Steffensmeier, D., Ulmer, J., & Kramer, J. (1998). The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male. Criminology, 36(4), 763–798. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x
  • Swenson, D., Bibelhausen, J., Buchanan, B., Shaheed, D., & Yetter, K. (2020). Stress and resiliency in the U.S. judiciary. American Bar Association.
  • Taouk, Y., Spittal, M. J., LaMontagne, A. D., & Milner, A. J. (2020). Psychosocial work stressors and risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 46(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3854
  • Taylor, S. E. (2010). Health. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Tsai, F., Huang, W., & Chan, C. (2009). Occupational stress and burnout of lawyers. Journal of Occupational Health, 51(5), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.L8179
  • Van Knippenberg, A., Dijksterhuis, A., & Vermeulen, D. (1999). Judgement and memory of a criminal act: The effects of stereotypes and cognitive load. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(2-3), 191–201.
  • Waldstein, S. R., & Katzel, L. I. (2005). Stress-induced blood pressure reactivity and cognitive function. Neurology, 64(10), 1746–1749. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000161851.01243.62
  • Whitehead, J., & Lindquist, C. (1985). Job stress and burnout among probation/parole officers: Perceptions and causal factors. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 29(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X8502900204
  • Wright, T. A., & Bonett, D. G. (1997). The contribution of burnout to work performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(5), 491–499.
  • Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI Journal, 16, 1057–1072. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2017-480

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.