References
Australian cases
- Astley v Austrust Ltd (1999) 197 CLR 1
- Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Bollas [1999] VSCA 50; BC9902736
- Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Dataline. Net. Au Pty Ltd [2002] FCA 89; BC200200499
- Australian Education Union v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission [1997] 1288 FCA; BC9706239
- Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic (1989) 168 CLR 165
- Best Practice Education Group Ltd Has Blue Gum School v Department of Education & Community Services [2002] ACTDT 1
- Boon v Park Avenue Nominees Pty Ltd [2001] NSWFTT 1
- Cahill and Secretary, Department of Family and Community Services [2005] AATA1147
- Campbell v ATSIC [1995] HREOCA 5
- Edgley v Federal Capital Press of Australia Pty Ltd [1999] ACTSC 95; BC9906382
- Gardner Corporation Pty Ltd v Zed Bears Pty Ltd [2001] WASC 106; BC200101887
- Geyer v Harris Scarfe Pty Ltd [1998] HREOCA 38
- Hunter Business Finance v Australian Business and Equipment Finance [2003] NSWSC 122; BC200300991
- I v Major Wholesaler [2003] PrivCmrA 7
- In the Marriage of James Robert Doyle (husband) and Janette Carolyn Doyle (wife/deceased), Michael O'Byrne Richardson and John Cameron MacMinn/Legal Personal Representatives, unreported, No B4953 (1982), Family Court of Australia, per Lindenmayer J
- IW v City of Perth (1997) 146 ALR 696
- Jonsson v Arkway Pty Ltd [2003] NSWSC 815; BC200305377
- Le Cras v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd [1967] 2 NSWR 706
- Linkenholt Pty Ltd v Quirk [2000] VSC 166; BC200002358
- Luu, Thi Thu Hang [2003] MRTA 6341
- Minchello v Ford Motor Co of Australia Ltd [1988] VR 251
- Moore v Fast Access Finance [2002] NSWCTTT 591
- Park Avenue Nominees Pty Ltd v Boon (on behalf of Weir) [2001] NSWSC 700; BC200104848
- R v Araya [2005] NSWCCA 283
- R v Kelly; Ex parte Victoria (1950) 81 CLR 64
- Rafiqi v Wacol Investments Pty Ltd (1998) ASC 155–024
- Re Judith Margaret Mullally ex parte National Westminster Finance Australia Ltd No B60 of 1991 FED No 326 Bankruptcy
- Re Manufacturing Grocers Employees Federation of Australia; Ex parte Australian Chamber of Manufactures (1986) 160 CLR 341
- Refugee Review Tribunal Reference N98/23844
- Schofield v Department of Community Services and Health [1990] HREOCA 10
- Secretary, Department of Social Security v Kozhaya Dagher No N96/1613 AAT No 12329 (1996)
- Southwell v Victorian Superannuation Board [1997] HREOCA 45
- Sumner v PSS Board and Commonwealth of Australia [1998] HREOCA 16
- Tableau Pty Ltd v Custom Credit Corporation Ltd No WAG5 of 1992 FED No 333
- Tomiin v Ford Credit Australia [2005] NSWSC 540; BC200504113
- Vincenzo Tranchita v Wavemaster International Pty Ltd [1998] WAIRComm 216
- Visa International Service Association v Reserve Bank of Australia [2003] FCA 977; BC200305436
- Waters v Public Transport Commission (1991) 173 CLR 349
- Wylie, Torvaldsen & Torvaldsen v WA Government Employees Superannuation Board [1996] HREOCA 41
- Yeshiva v Marshall [2004] NSWSC 921; BC200406800
- Yousef v GE Mortgage Solutions Ltd (Commercial) [2003] NSWCTTT 808
New Zealand cases
- Coburn v Human Rights Commission [1994] 3 NZLR 323
- Simms, Jones Ltd v Protochem Trading NZ Ltd [1993] 3 NZLR 369
United Kingdom cases
- Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd v Liu Chong Hing Bank Ltd [1986] AC 80
- Wilson v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2003] UKHL 40
Australian legislation
- Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW)
- Consumer Credit Act 1994 (Qld)
- Consumer Credit Act 1995 (NSW)
- Consumer Credit Administration Act 1995 (NSW)
- Consumer Credit Administration Regulation (No 582) 2002 (NSW)
- Consumer Credit Special Provisions Regulation (No 583) 2002 (NSW)
- Credit Act 1984 (NSW)
- Credit (Home Finance Contracts) Act 1984 (NSW)
- Credit (Home Finance Contracts) Regulation (No 523) 1984 (NSW)
- Credit Regulation (No 433) 1984 (NSW)
- Credit (Rural Finance) Act 1996 (NSW)
- Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth)
- Discrimination Act 1991 (ACT)
- First Home Owners Act 1983 (Cth)
- Payment Systems (Regulation) Act 1998 (Cth)
- Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth)
New Zealand legislation
- Human Rights Act 1993 (NZ)
United Kingdom legislation
- Consumer Credit Act 1974
- Consumer Credit Bill 2005
- Human Rights Act 1998
United States legislation
- Fair Credit Reporting Act 2000 (as amended)
- Financial Services Modernization Act 1999
International legal material
- Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, UN Doc A/CONF.177/20 & Add.1, Chapter I, Resolution 1, Annexes I and II
- CEDAW Committee (1994) General Recommendation No 21 concerning equality in marriage and family relations, 13th Session
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) UN Doc A/34/46, 18 December 1979 (entry into force generally 3 September 1981); ATS No 9 (1983) (entry into force for Australia 27 August 1983)
- European Community (EC) Commission (1997) Summary report of reactions & comments, EC Doc COM(97)465 Final
- ECCommission (2002) Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonization of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states concerning credit for consumers, EC Doc COM(2002)443 Final
- ECCommission (2004) Amended proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonization of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states concerning credit for consumers repealing Directive 87/102/EC and modifying Directive 93/13/EC, EC Doc COM(2004)747 Final
- UNGeneral Assembly Resolution S-23/3 (2000) Further actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 23rd Special Session on ‘Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty First Century’. This paper also qualitatively analyses an illustrative sample of all state party reports over a five-year period which refer to credit and have been considered by the Committee during sessions 22 (2000) to 34 (2005) inclusive. Note that the final numeral indicates the report number: initial (1), combined second through fourth (2–4), fifth (5), etcetera. These national reports are: Albania, UN Doc CEDAW/C/ALB/1-2 (2002); Angola, UN Doc CEDAW/C/AGO/1-3 (2002) & UN Doc CEDAW/C/AGO/4-5 (2004); Australia, UN Doc CEDAW/C/AUL/4-5 (2004); Belgium, UN Doc CEDAW/C/BEL/3-4 (1998); Benin, UN Doc CEDAW/C/BEN/1-3 (2002); Bhutan, UN Doc CEDAW/C/BTN/1-3 (2003); Brazil, UN Doc CEDAW/C/BRA/1-5 (2002); Burkina Faso, UN Doc CEDAW/C/BFA/2-3 (1998); Burundi, UN Doc CEDAW/C/BDI/1 (2000); Cambodia, UN Doc CEDAW/C/KHM/1-3 (2004); Cameroon, UN Doc CEDAW/C/CMR/1 (1999); Costa Rica, UN Doc CEDAW/C/CRI/1-3 (2001); Ecuador, UN Doc CEDAW/C/ECU/4-5 (2002); El Salvador, UN Doc CEDAW/C/SLV/6 (2002); Equatorial Guinea, UN Doc CEDAW/C/GNQ/4-5 (2004); Eritrea, UN Doc CEDAW/C/ERI/1-2 (2004); Gabon, UN Doc CEDAW/C/GAB/2-5 (2003); Gambia, UN Doc CEDAW/C/GMB/1-3 (2003); Guatemala, UN Doc CEDAW/C/GUA/34 (2001); Guinea, UN Doc CEDAW/C/GIN/1 (2001); Guyana, UN Doc CEDAW/C/GUY/2; India, UN Doc CEDAW/C/IND/1 (1999); Jordan, UN Doc CEDAW/C/JOR/1 (1997); Kuwait, UN Doc CEDAW/C/KWT/1-2 (2003); Lao People's Democratic Republic, UN Doc CEDAW/C/LAO/1-5 (2003); Latvia, UN Doc CEDAW/C/LVA/1-3 (2003); Lebanon, UN Doc CEDAW/C/LBN/1 (2004); Luxembourg, UN Doc CEDAW/C/LUX/3 (1998); Mali, UN Doc CEDAW/C/MLI/2-5 (2004); Malta, UN Doc CEDAW/C/MLT/1-3 (2002); Morocco, UN Doc CEDAW/C/MOR/2 (2000); Nepal, UN Doc CEDAW/C/NPL/2-3 (2003); Nicaragua, UN Doc CEDAW/C/NIC/4 (1998); Paraguay, UN Doc CEDAW/C/PAR/5 (2004); Peru, UN Doc CEDAW/C/PER/5 (2001); Samoa, UN Doc CEDAW/C/WSM/1-3 (2003); Togo, UN Doc CEDAW/C/TGO/1-5 (2004); Tunisia, UN Doc CEDAW/C/TUN/3-4 (2000); Uzbekistan, UN Doc CEDAW/C/UZB/1 (2000); Yemen, UN Doc CEDAW/C/YEM/5 (2002); Zambia, UN Doc CEDAW/C/ZAM/3-4 (1999)
Other references
- Adams D W (1995) ‘From agricultural credit to rural finance’ 34(2) Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture pp 109–20
- Australian Bankers’ Association (2001) Australian Banking Industry E-Commerce Industry Action Plan Sydney
- Australian Bankers’ Association (2002) Standards on Automated Teller Machines, Electronic Funds Transfer at the Point of Sale, Automated Telephone Banking and Internet Banking [Online] Available: <www.bankers.asn.au/Default.aspx?ArticleID=344> [2006, March 5]
- Bargon B (1994) ‘Successes and necessary reforms in credit reporting laws’ Privacy Law and Policy Reporter 82
- Baydas M M, Meyer R L and Aguilera-Alfred N (1994) ‘Discrimination against women in formal credit markets: reality or rhetoric?’ 22(7) World Development pp 1073–82
- Binswanger H P and Khandker S R (1995) ‘The impact of formal finance on the rural economy of India’ 32(2) Journal of Development Studies pp 234–62
- Bunch C (1990) ‘Women's rights as human rights: toward a re-vision of human rights’ 12(4) Human Rights Quarterly pp 486–98
- Charlesworth H, Chinkin C and Wright S (1991) ‘Feminist approaches to international law’ 85(4) American Journal of International Law pp 613–45
- Claessens S (2005) Access to Financial Services: A Review of the Issues and Public Policy Objectives Policy Research Working Paper 3589, World Bank, Washington DC
- C03 (2004) ‘Financial services and human rights’ 49 News Briefing [Online] Available: <www.co3.coop/subpage.asp?id=28&mainid=18> [2006, March 6]
- Collard S, Kempson E and Whyley C (2001) Tackling Financial Exclusion: An Area-Based Approach Policy Press, Bristol
- Connolly C and Hajaj K (2001) Financial Services and Social Exclusion Financial Services Consumer Policy Centre, University of New South Wales Chifley Research Centre, Sydney
- Fehlberg B (1997) Sexually Transmitted Debt: Surety Experience and English Law Clarendon Press, Oxford
- Friends Provident (2005) Human Rights Policy [Online] Available: <www.friendsprovident.co.uk/common/layouts/subSectionLayout.jhtml?pageId=fpcouk%2> [2006, February 25]
- Holt S L and Ribe H (1991) Developing Financial Institutions for the Poor and Reducing Barriers to Access for Woman World Bank Discussion Paper 117, Washington DC
- Honohan P (2005) Measuring Microfinance Access: Building on Existing Cross-Country Data Policy Research Working Paper No 3606, World Bank, Washington DC
- Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) (2000) Access to Electronic Commerce and New Service and Information Technologies for Older Australians and People with a Disability Sydney
- HREOC (2002) ‘Credit where credit is due: HREOC welcomes banking standards’ press release [Online] Available: <www.hreoc.gov.au/media_releases/2002/18_02.html> [2006, March 5]
- HREOC (2005) ‘Electronic financial services — a review of progress’, speech by Dr Sev Ozdowski, Acting Disability Discrimination Commissioner, Sydney
- Iowa Commission on the Status of Women (2005) Your Credit Rights Des Moines
- KPMG/F&C Asset Management (2006) Banking on Human Rights Edinburgh
- Lapenu C (2000) The Role of the State in Promoting Microfinance Institutions Discussion Paper No 89, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC
- Lovric J and Millbank J (2003) Darling, Please Sign This Form: A Report on the Practice of Third Party Guarantees in New South Wales NSW Law Reform Commission Research Report 11
- Nemeth K and Ortner H (2003) ‘The proposal for a new directive concerning credit for consumers’ 4(8) German Law Journal [Online] Available: <www.germanlawjournal.com/past_issues_archive.php> [2006, March 5]
- NewJersey Department of Banking Insurance (2005) Consumer Credit Bill of Rights [Online] Available: <www.njdobi.org/creditrights.htm> [2006, March 5]
- Obina O (1996) ‘Women's access to credit and finance in the 1990s’ 23 The African Review: A Journal of African Politics Development and International Affairs pp 33–45
- Rahman A (1999) ‘Microcredit initiatives for equitable and sustainable development: who pays?’ 27(1) World Development pp 67–82
- Rehof L A (1993) Guide to the Travaux Preparatoires of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht
- Reserve Bank of Australia (2002) Reform of Credit Card Schemes in Australia Final Reforms and Regulations Impact Statement, Vol 4, Sydney
- Sanchez S (1998) The Participation of Mexican Microenterprises in Credit Markets: Gender Differences World Bank, Washington, DC
- Singh S (1995) For Love Not Money: Women, Information and the Family Business Consumer Advocacy and Financial Counselling Association of Victoria Inc, Melbourne
- UKDepartment of Trade and Industry (DTI) (2003a) Consumer Credit Awareness Survey London
- UKDTI (2003b) Fair, Clear and Competitive: The Consumer Credit Market in the 21st Century Cm 6040, White Paper, London
- UKDTI (2004) Consumer Credit Bill: Full Regulatory Impact Assessment London
- UKDTI (2005) Consumer Credit Law: A Consultation on a Proposed European Consumer Credit Directive Doc URN 05/834, London
- UK Parliament (2004–05 Session) Joint Committee on Human Rights Fifteenth Report London
- UN Capital Development Fund (2002) Supporting Women's Livelihoods: Microfinance That Works for the Majority, A Guide to Best Practices New York
- UN Commission on the Status of Women (2005) Declaration adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women at its 49th session as orally amended, UN Doc E/CN.6/2005/L.1
- UN Development Programme (1995) Human Development Report 1995 Oxford University Press, Oxford
- UN Research Institute for Social Development (2004) Gender Equality: Striving for Justice in an Unequal World Geneva