References
- Ahmed, S., Hasan, M. Z., MacLennan, M., Dorin, F., Ahmed, M. W., Hasan, M. M., Hasan, S. M., Islam, M. T., & Khan, J. A. M. (2019). Measuring the efficiency of health systems in Asia: a data envelopment analysis. BJM Open, 9(3), e022155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022155
- Andrade, F. C. D., Guevara, P. E., Lebrao, M. L., de Oliveira Duarte, Y. A., & Santos, J. L. F. (2011). Gender differences in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy among older adults in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Womens Health Issues, 21(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2010.08.007
- Ayala, C., Croft, J. B., Greenlund, K. J., Keenan, N. L., Donehoo, R. S., Malarcher, A. M., & Mensah, G. A. (2002). Sex differences in US mortality rates for stroke and stroke subtypes by race/ethnicity and age, 1995-1998. Stroke, 33(5), 1197–1201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000015028.52771.D
- Bai, R., Wei, J., An, R., Li, Y., Collett, L., Dang, S., Dong, W., Wang, D., Fang, Z., Zhao, Y., & Wang, Y. (2018). Trends in life expectancy and its association with economic factors in the belt and road countries evidence from 2000-2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2890. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122890
- Barnes, C., Andersen, Z. J., Overvad, K., Tjonneland, A., & Ulrik, C. S. (2016). Mortality rates in individuals with asthma, COPD and ACOS in a large population-based cohort: Is gender important? European Respiratory Journal, 48 (suppl 60), PA1136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA1136
- Belon, A. P., Lima, M. G., & Barros, M. B. A. (2014). Gender differences in healthy life expectancy among Brazilian elderly. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12, 88 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-88
- Bloom, D. E., Canning, D., & Sevilla, J. (2004). The effect of health on economic growth: A production function approach. World Development, 32(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.07.002
- Boachie, M. K. (2017). Health and economic growth in Ghana: an empirical investigation. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(2), 253–265. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-016-0159-2
- Boisclair, D., Decarie, Y., Laliberte-Auger, F., Michaud, P. C., & Vincent, C. (2018). The economic benefits of reducing cardiovascular disease mortality in Quebec, Canada. Plos One, 13(1), e0190538 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190538
- Clark, R., & Peck, B. M. (2012). Examining the gender gap in life expectancy: A cross-national analysis, 1980-2005. Social Science Quarterly, 93(3), 820–837. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00881.x
- Costa-Font, J., & Hernandez-Quevedo, C. (2012). Measuring inequalities in health: What do we know? What do we need to know? Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 106(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.04.007
- Cylus, J., Permanand, G., & Smith, P. C. (2018). Making the economic case for investing in health systems: What is the evidence that health systems advance economic and fiscal objectives?. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Retrieved October 3, 2020, from https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/380728/pb-tallinn-01-eng.pdf?ua=1
- Deaton, A. (2003). Health, inequality, and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 41(1), 113–158. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1257/002205103321544710 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.41.1.113
- Ellison, L. F. (2016). Differences in cancer survival in Canada by sex. Health Reports, 27(4), 19–27.
- Fernandez, E., Bosetti, C., La Vecchia, C., Levi, F., Fioretti, F., & Negri, E. (2000). Sex differences in colorectal cancer mortality in Europe, 1955-1996. European Journal of Cancer Prevention: The Official Journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (Ecp), 9(2), 99–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200004000-00005
- Golinelli, D., Bucci, A., Toscano, F., Filicori, F., & Fantini, M. P. (2018). Real and predicted mortality under health spending constraints in Italy: a time trend analysis through artificial neural networks. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 671. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3473-3
- Haeberer, M., Noguer, I., & Mujica, O. J. (2015). Educational inequalities in mortality and survival of women and men in the Americas, 1990-2010. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health, 38(2), 89–95.
- Haseeb, M., Kot, S., Hussain, H. I., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Impact of economic growth, environmental pollution, and energy consumption on health expenditure and R&D expenditure of ASEAN countries. Energies, 12(19), 3598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193598
- Jacobs, J. M., Cohen, A., Ein-Mor, E., & Stessman, J. (2014). Gender differences in survival in old age. Rejuvenation Research, 17(6), 499–506. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2014.1587
- Kawiorska, D. (2016). Healthcare in the light of the concept of welfare state regimes – comparative analysis of EU member states. Oeconomia Copernicana, 7(2), 187–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12775/OeC.2016.012
- Kim, J. I., & Kim, G. (2018). Effects on inequality in life expectancy from a social ecology perspective. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5134-1
- Kozlova, O. A., Nifantova, R. V., & Makarova, M. N. (2017). Methods of the assessment of economic losses caused by the mortality of the population employed in regional economy. Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region, 13(2), 511–523. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17059/2017-2-16
- Kubak, M., Stefko, R., Bartak, M., Majernik, J., Vagasova, T., & Fedelesova, M. (2017). Risk of dying from cancer by socio-demographic indicators in the Slovak republic. Central European Journal of Public Health, 25, S37–S43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a5050
- LaVeist, T. A., Gaskin, D., & Richard, P. (2011). Estimating the economic burden of racial health inequalities in the United States. International Journal of Health Services : Planning, Administration, Evaluation, 41(2), 231–238. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.41.2.c
- Le, Y., Ren, J., Shen, J., Li, T., & Zhang, C. (2015). The changing gender differences in life expectancy in Chinese cities 2005-2010. Plos One, 10(4), e0123320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123320
- Li, Y., Pan, A., Wang, D. D., Liu, X., Dhana, K., Franco, O. H., Kaptoge, S., Di Angelantonio, E., Stampfer, M., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2018). Impact of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancies in the US population. Circulation, 138(4), 345–355. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032047
- Liang, J., Bennett, J. M., Sugisawa, H., Kobayashi, E., & Fukaya, T. (2003). Gender differences in old age mortality: roles of health behavior and baseline health status. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 56(6), 572–582. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00060-x
- Łyszczarz, B. (2016). Public-private mix and performance of health care systems in CEE and CIS countries. Oeconomia Copernicana, 7(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12775/OeC.2016.011
- Mackenbach, J. P., Bopp, M., Deboosere, P., Kovacs, K., Leinsalu, M., Martikainen, P., Menvielle, G., Regidor, E., & de Gelder, R. (2017). Determinants of the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: a study of 17 European countries. Health & Place, 47, 44–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.07.005
- Mackenbach, J. P., Meerding, W. J., & Kunst, A. E. (2011). Economic costs of health inequalities in the European Union. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(5), 412–419. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2010.112680
- Mackenbach, J. P., Stirbu, I., Roskam, A. J. R., Schaap, M. M., Menvielle, G., Leinsalu, M., & Kunst, A. E. (2008). Socioeconomic inequalities in health in 22 European countries. The New England Journal of Medicine, 358(23), 2468–2481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa0707519
- Mayor, S. (2015). Life expectancy gender gap will close in England and Wales, study predicts. BMJ, 350(apr29 13), h2322–h2322. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2322
- Megyesiova, S., & Lieskovska, V. (2018). Analysis of the sustainable development indicators in the OECD countries. Sustainability, 10(12), 4554. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124554
- Mehta, N., & Myrskyla, M. (2017). The population health benefits of a healthy lifestyle: life expectancy increased and onset of disability delayed. Health Affairs, 36(8), 1495–1502. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1569
- Meirhaeghe, A., Cottel, D., Cousin, B., Dumont, M. P., Marecaux, N., Amouyel, P., & Dallongeville, J. (2018). Sex differences in stroke attack, incidence, and mortality rates in Northern France. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : The Official Journal of National Stroke Association, 27(5), 1368–1374. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.12.023
- Murphy, K. M., & Topel, R. H. (2006). The value of health and longevity. Journal of Political Economy, 114(5), 871–904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/508033
- Nanney, M. S., Myers, S. L., Xu, M., Kent, K., Durfee, T., & Allen, M. L. (2019). The economic benefits of reducing racial disparities in health: the case of Minnesota. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(5), 742. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050742
- Obrizan, M., & Wehby, G. L. (2018). Health expenditures and global inequalities in longevity. World Development, 101, 28–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.08.003
- OECD (2016). Health systems characteristics survey 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/OECD-HSC-Survey-2016-Project-outline.pdf
- OECD (2019). Health at a Glance 2019: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/4dd50c09-en
- OECD (2020a). OECD.stat. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from https://stats.oecd.org/
- OECD (2020b). Causes of mortality. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from https://stats.oecd.org/wbos/fileview2.aspx?IDFile=638c2ac2-5f0f-41ef-b2d9-2cfa1fd56429
- Ozcan, Y. A., & Khushalani, J. (2017). Assessing efficiency of public health and medical care provision in OECD countries after a decade of reform. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 25(2), 325–343. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-016-0440-0
- Pacáková, V., & Kopecká, L. (2018). Comparing inequalities in health outcomes in European countries. Journal of International Studies, 11(4), 215–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-4/15
- Politzer, E., Shmueli, A., & Avni, S. (2019). The economic burden of health disparities related to socioeconomic status in Israel. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 8(1), 46 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-019-0306-8
- Richardson, E. A., & Mitchell, R. (2010). Gender differences in relationships between urban green space and health in the United Kingdom. Soc Sci Med), 71(3), 568–575. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.015
- Ross, C. E., Masters, R. K., & Hummer, R. A. (2012). Education and the gender gaps in health and mortality. Demography, 49(4), 1157–1183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-012-0130-z
- Sandiford, P. (2009). Gender inequality in New Zealand life expectancy: decomposition by age and cause. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1307), 10–17.
- Sharma, R. (2018). Health and economic growth: evidence from dynamic panel data of 143 years. Plos One, 13(10), e0204940. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204940
- Shuaibu, M., & Oladayo, P. T. (2016). Determinants of human capital development in Africa: a panel data analysis. Oeconomia Copernicana, 7(4), 523–549. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12775/OeC.2016.030
- Singh-Manoux, A., Gueguen, A., Ferrie, J., Shipley, M., Martikainen, P., Bonenfant, S., Goldberg, M., & Marmot, M. (2008). Gender differences in the association between morbidity and mortality among middle-aged men and women. American Journal of Public Health, 98(12), 2251–2257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.107912
- Stefko, R., Jencova, S., Litavcova, E., & Vasanicova, P. (2017). Management and funding of the healthcare system. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 16(2), 266–277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2017.16.2.23
- Van der Zee, J., & Kroneman, M. W. (2007). Bismarck or Beveridge: a beauty contest between dinosaurs. BMC Health Services Research, 7(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-7-94
- Van Oyen, H., Cox, B., Jagger, C., Cambois, E., Nusselder, W., Gilles, C., & Robine, J. M. (2010). Gender gaps in life expectancy and expected years with activity limitations at age 50 in the European Union: associations with macro-level structural indicators. European Journal of Ageing, 7(4), 229–237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-010-0172-2
- Weil, D. N. (2007). Accounting for the effect of health on economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1265–1306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.122.3.1265
- White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance-matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817–838. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1912934
- White, H. (1982). Instrumental variables regression with independent observations. Econometrica, 50(2), 483–499. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1912639
- WHO (2013). Health 2020: a European policy framework supporting action across government and society for health and well-being. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/199536/Health2020-Short.pdf?ua=1
- WHO. (2002). Health, economic growth, and poverty reduction. The report of working group 1 of the Commission on macroeconomics and health. World Health Organization. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42492/9241590092.pdf;jsessionid=19B0494A7B879D7BE2F98CC714DFCFC5?sequence=1
- Woodward, A., & Kawachi, I. (2000). Why reduce health inequalities? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54(12), 923–929. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.12.923
- Zhang, T., Shi, W., Huang, Z., Gao, D., Guo, Z., & Chongsuvivatwong, V. (2016). Gender and ethnic health disparities among the elderly in rural Guangxi, China: estimating quality-adjusted life expectancy. Global Health Action, 9, 32261 https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.3</seurld> https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.32261