Innovation and wages constrained with budgetary deficit and unemployment in the European Union countries

References

• Acemoglu, D. (2002). Technical change, inequality and the labor market. Journal of Economic Literature, 40(1), 7–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.40.1.7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acock, A. C. (2013). Discovering structural equation modelling using Stata. College Station, Stata Press.
   Google Scholar
• Addison, J. T., Machado, J. A. F., & Portugal, P. (2013). The reservation wage unemployment duration nexus. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75(6), 980–987. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00717.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghion, P., Bergeaud, A., Blundell, R., & Griffith, R. (2017). Innovation, firms and wage inequality. Retrieved from https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/aghion/files/innovations_firms_and_wage.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Aghion, P., Akcigit, U., Hyytinen, A., & Toivanen, O. I. (2017). Living the American dream in Finland: The social mobility of inventors. University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Akram, N. (2016). Public debt and pro-poor economic growth evidence from South Asian countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 29(1), 746–757. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1197550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modelling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt, L., & Grabowski, W. (2019). Technical change and wage premium shifts among task-content groups in Poland. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 3398–3416. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1661788
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avila-Lopez, L. A., Lyu, C., & Lopez-Leyva, S. (2019). Innovation and growth: evidence from Latin American countries. Journal of Applied Economics, 22(1), 287–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/02102412.2019.1610624
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awang, A. H., Sapie, N. M., Hussain, M. Y., Ishak, S., & Yusof, R. M. (2019). Nurturing innovative employees: effects of organisational learning and work environment. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1152–1168. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1592007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelrad, H., Luski, I., & Malul, M. (2016). Behavioral biases in the labor market, differences between older and younger individuals. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 60, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2015.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, L., & Mankiw, N. G. (1995). What do budget deficits do? NBER Working Paper 5263. NBER.
   Google Scholar
• Baqaee, D. R. (2020). Asymmetric inflation expectations, downward rigidity of wages, and asymmetric business cycles. Journal of Monetary Economics, 114, 174–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.04.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (1989). The wage curve. Working paper no. 3181. NBER.
   Google Scholar
• Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (1995). An introduction to the wage curve. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(3), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.3.153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bojnec, Š., & Tomšič, N. (2020). Corporate sustainability and enterprise performance: The mediating effects of internationalization and networks. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 70(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2019-0226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1993). Testing structural equation models. Thousand Oaks, Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Card, D. (1995). The wage curve: a review. Journal of Economic Literature, 33(2), 785–799.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charalampidis, N. (2020). On unemployment cycles in the Euro Area, 1999–2018. European Economic Review, 121(C), 103329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.103329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T. C., Guo, D. Q., Chen, H. M., & Wei, T. T. (2019). Effects of R&D intensity on firm performance in Taiwan’s semiconductor industry. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 2377–2392. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1642776
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirillo, V. (2014). Patterns of innovation and wage distribution. Do “innovative firms” pay higher wages? Evidence from Chile. Eurasian Business Review, 4(2), 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-014-0010-0
   Google Scholar
• Coveri, A., & Pianta, M. (2019). Technology, profits and wages. LEM Working paper no. 2019/35. Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Laboratory of Economics and Management.
   Google Scholar
• Cozzarin, B. P. (2016). Advanced technology, innovation, wages and productivity in the Canadian manufacturing sector. Applied Economics Letters, 23(4), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1068913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cristea, M., Noja, G. G., Dănăcică, D. E., & Ştefea, P. (2020). Population ageing, labour productivity and economic welfare in the European Union. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 1354–1376. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1748507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danyal, S., Maskara, P., & Naqvi, A. (2011). Impact of computer skills on wages in USA. Applied Economics Letters, 18(11), 1077–1081. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2010.524607
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunne, T., & Schmitz, J. A. (1995). Wages, employment structure and employer size-wage premia: Their relationship to advanced-technology usage at US manufacturing establishments. Economica, 62(245), 89–107. https://doi.org/10.2307/2554777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrenberg, R. G., & Smith, R. S. (2012). Modern labour economics. Theory and public policy. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Ekanayake, H. K. (2013). The link between fiscal deficit and inflation: do public sector wages matter? ASARC Working Paper 2012/14. The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre: Canberra.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. (2019). Labour market and wage developments in Europe. Annual review 2019. Publications Office of the European Union.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2019a). Eurostat database. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2019b). Statistics explained. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Main_Page
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galuščák, K., Keeney, M., Nicolitsas, D., Smets, F., Pawel Strzelecki, P., & Vodopivec, M. (2009). The determination of wages of newly hired employees: Survey evidence on internal versus external factors. Working Paper Series 5/2009. Czech National Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Gertler, M., Huckfeldt, C., & Trigari, A. (2020). Unemployment fluctuations, match quality, and the wage cyclicality of new hires. The Review of Economic Studies, 87(4), 1876–1914. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdaa004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gričar, S., Šugar, V., & Bojnec, Š. (2021). The missing link between wages and labour productivity in tourism: evidence from Croatia and Slovenia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 732–753. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1804427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundmann, S., Giamattei, M., & Graf Lambsdorff, J. (2020). On the downward rigidity of wages: Evidence from an experimental labour market with monetary neutrality. ZBW Working paper. Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Passau.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, R. E., & Milgrom, P. R. (2008). The limited influence of unemployment on the wage bargain. American Economic Review, 98(4), 1653–7164. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.4.1653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmlund, B., & Zetterberg, J. (1991). Insider effects in wage determination: Evidence from five countries. European Economic Review, 35(5), 1009–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(91)90002-Z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, G. H., Kóczán, Z., Weicheng, L., & Nabar, M. (2018). More slack than meets the eye? Recent wage dynamics in advanced economies. IMF. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484345351.001
   Google Scholar
• Hunt, R. (2018). An opportunity space odyssey: historical exploration of demand-driven entrepreneurial innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(2), 250–273. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2017-0082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IMF. (2018). Regional economic outlook: Europe. IMF.
   Google Scholar
• Janssens, W., Wijnen, K., Pelsmacker, P., & Kenhove, P. (2008). Marketing research with SPSS. Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinknecht, A. (1998). Is labour market flexibility harmful to innovation? Cambridge Journal of Economics, 22(3), 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a013723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Ko, M. C. (2019). Fiscal policy, government debt, and economic growth in the Kaleckian model of growth and distribution. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 42(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01603477.2018.1503056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, D. M., Wang, Y. N., & Zhang, J. (2020). Efficiency wages as gift exchange: Evidence from corporate innovation in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 65(C), 101725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laporšek, S., Orazem, P. F., Vodopivec, M., & Vodopivec, M. (2021). Winners and losers after 25 years of transition: decreasing wage inequality in Slovenia. Economic Systems, 45(2), 100856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2021.100856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Sintas, J., & Martinez-Ros, E. (1999). The innovative behavior of Spanish enterprises and its impact on salaries. Small Business Economics, 13(4), 287–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mai, A. N., Vu, H. V., Bui, B. X., & Tran, T. Q. (2019). The lasting effects of innovation on firm profitability: panel evidence from a transitional economy. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 3417–3436. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1660199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maradana, R. P., Pradhan, R. P., Dash, S., Gaurav, K., Jayakumar, M., & Chatterjee, D. (2017). Does innovation promote economic growth? Evidence from European countries. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0061-9
   Google Scholar
• Meixnerová, L., & Krajňák, M. (2020). Macroeconomic time series affecting the minimum and average wages of V4 countries. E&M Economics and Management, 23(4), 4–22.
   Google Scholar
• Mhlaba, N., & Phiri, A. (2019). Is public debt harmful towards economic growth? New evidence from South Africa. Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(1), 1603653. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1603653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao, M., Zhang, Y., & Zheng, S. (2020). Within-firm wage inequality and corporate innovation: Evidence from China’s listed firms. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(4), 796–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2019.1709818
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikulin, D. (2015). Relationship between wages, labour productivity and unemployment rate in new EU member countries. Journal of International Studies, 8(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2015/8-1/3
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2018). Promoting innovation in established SMEs. Policy note. OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Ozturk, M., Durdyev, S., Aras, O. N., & Banaitis, A. (2019). Productivity as a determinant of labour wage in New Zealand’s construction sector. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 25(5), 900–914. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.10297
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pianta, M., & Tancioni, M. (2008). Innovations, wages, and profits. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 31(1), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.2753/PKE0160-3477310105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plum, A. (2019). The British low-wage sector and the employment prospects of the unemployed. Applied Economics, 51(13), 1411–1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1527454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Hall, J. H., & Nair, M. (2016). Innovation, financial development and economic growth in Eurozone countries. Applied Economics Letters, 23(16), 1141–1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1139668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roubini, N., & Sachs, J. (1989). Government spending and budget deficits in the industrial economies. Working paper no. 2919. NBER.
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, M., & ter Weel, B. (2000). Skill biased technical change: theoretical concepts, empirical problems and a survey of the evidence. Copenhagen Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). Structural equation modelling. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Taresh, A. A., Sari, D. W., & Purwono, R. (2021). Analysis of the relationship between income inequality and social variables: Evidence from Indonesia. Economics & Sociology, 14(1), 103–119. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-1/7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildirim, Z. (2015). Relationships among labour productivity, real wages and inflation in Turkey. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 28(1), 85–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2015.1022401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar