An exploratory and comparative assessment of the tourist circulation at the level of some countries of the South-Eastern European union in the current pandemic context

References

• Aguiar-Barbosa, A., Chim-Miki, A., & Kozak, M. (2021). Two decades of evolution in tourism competitiveness: a co-word analysis. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 7(2), 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-10-2020-0224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleksandrova, A., Aigina, E., & Dombrovskaya, V. (2021). The forecasting potential of adaptive models in tourism. Turyzm/Tourism, 31(2), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.31.2.10
   Google Scholar
• Apergis, N., Mervar, A., & Payne, J. (2017). Forecasting disaggregated tourist arrivals in Croatia: Evidence from seasonal univariate time series models. Tourism Economics, 23(1), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ari, A., Bartolini, D., Boranova, V., et al. (2020). Infrastructure in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe: Benchmarking, macroeconomic impact, and policy issues. Retrieved from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/087/2020/011/article-A001-en.xml
   Google Scholar
• Chi-Wei, S., Ke Dai, S. U., & Zubaria, A. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and unemployment dynamics in European economies. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 1752–1764. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1912627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danbatta, S., & Varol, A. (2021). Modeling and forecasting of tourism time series data using ANN-Fourier series model and Monte Carlo Simulation [Paper presentation]. 9th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISDFS52919.2021.9486325
   Google Scholar
• Dorobăţ, M., & Dobrescu, C. (2016). The anthropic impact in the North-Western Side of Leaota mountains. Journal of Current Trends in Natural Sciences, 5, 63–72. doi:[Google Scholar].
   Google Scholar
• Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A unit root test using a Fourier series to approximate smooth breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74, 574–599. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00662.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallant, A. (1981). On the bias in flexible functional forms and an essentially unbiased form, The Fourier Flexible Form. Journal of Econometrics, 15, l–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(81)90115-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghalehkhondabi, I., Ardjmand, E., Young, W., & Weckman, G. (2019). A review of demand forecasting models and methodological developments within tourism and passenger transportation industry. Journal of Tourism Futures, 5(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-10-2018-0061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodrich, J. N. (2002). September 11, 2001, Attack on America: Impact on Tourism Security. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 11(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v11n04_01
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, M. C. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gujarati, D. (2004). Basic econometric 4. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Höpken, W., Eberle, T., Fuchs, M., & Lexhagen, M. (2021). Improving tourist arrival prediction: a big data and artificial neural network approach. Journal of Travel Research, 60(5), 998–1017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520921244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioan, C. A., & Ioan, G. (2011). The analysis of the evolution of the gross domestic product by means of Fourier development. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 7(4), 146–161.
   Google Scholar
• Ioan, C. A., & Ioan, G. (2019). An equilibrium model with applications for the European Union countries. Economic development models of emerging countries. http://evidentacercetare.univ-danubius.ro/Surse/Set_014/PsI4n6QpHA.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Isaic-Maniu, A., Mitrut, C., & Voineagu, V. (2004). Statistică/Statistics. Ed. Universala.
   Google Scholar
• Islam, M., Akhtar, A., Munira, S., Khan, S., & Murshed, M. (2018). Optimized Dickey-Fuller test refines sign and boundary problems compare to traditional Dickey-Fuller test. International Journal of Statistics and Probability, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n5p19
   Google Scholar
• Ivanova, M., Krasimirov Ivanov, I., & Ivanov, S. (2021). Travel behaviour after the pandemic: the case of Bulgaria. Anatolia, 32(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1818267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao, X., Chen, J. L., & Li, G. (2021). Forecasting tourism demand: Developing a general nesting spatiotemporal model. Annals of Tourism Research, 90, 103277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killick, R., Knight, M. I., Nason, G. P., & Eckley, I. A. (2020). The local partial autocorrelation function and some applications. Electronic Journal of Statistics, 14(2), 3268–3314. https://doi.org/10.1214/20-EJS1748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovačević, D. (2020). Economic impact of Covid-19 on the European tourism sector with special view on Croatian tourism management board. Modern Economy, 11, 1652–1670. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2020.1110115
   Google Scholar
• Marcu, S. (2021). Towards sustainable mobility? The influence of the covid-19 pandemic on Romanian mobile citizens in Spain. Sustainability, 13(7), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKercher, B., & Chon, K. (2004). The over‐reaction to SARS and the collapse of Asian tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 716–719. [PMC free article] [PubMed] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nistoreanu, P., & Aluculesei, A.-C. (2021). Can Spa tourism enhance water resources and turn them into a national brand? A theoretical review about the Romanian case. Information, 12(7), 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12070270
   Google Scholar
• Panasiuk, A., & Wszendybył-Skulska, E. (2021). Social aspects of tourism policy in the European union. The example of Poland and Slovakia. Economies, 9(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9010016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pata, U. (2020). How is Covid-19 affecting environmental pollution in US cities? Evidence from asymmetric Fourier causality test. Air Quality, Atmosphere, & Health, 13(10), 1149–1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00877-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne, J., Gil-Alana, L., & Mervar, A. (2021). Persistence in Croatian tourism: The impact of Covid-19. Tourism Economics. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816621999969
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasool, H. M. (2021). The relationship between tourism and economic growth among BRICS countries: a panel cointegration analysis. Future Business Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00048-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, P. M., & Robert, T. A. (2012). The flexible Fourier form and local generalized least squares de-trended unit root tests. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(5), 736–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00665.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmude, J., Karl, M., & Weber, F. (2020). Tourism and Terrorism: Economic impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. The example of the destination of Paris. Zeitschrift Für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 64(2), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2019-0015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu, M., & Hung, W. (2014). Forecasting with Fourier residual modified ARIMA model-An empirical case of inbound tourism demand in New Zealand. 2014 WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics.
   Google Scholar
• Šulc, I., & Fuerst-Bjeliš, B. (2021). Changes of tourism trajectories in (post)covidian world: Croatian perspectives. Research in Globalization. 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2021.100052
   Google Scholar
• Şuşu, Ş., & Leuciuc, E.-G. (2018). Romanian pharmaceutical sector -Between challenges, opportunities and market threats. Legal aspects of the trading of listed companies. LUMEN Proceedings, 6(1), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.64
   Google Scholar
• Szentesi, S., Cuc, L., Feher, A., & Cuc, P. (2021). Does Covid-19 affect safety and security perception in the hospitality industry? A Romanian case study. Sustainability, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turcu-Stiolica, A., Bogdan, M., Subtirelu, M.-S., Meca, A.-D., Taerel, A.-E., Iaru, I., & Petrova, G. (2021). Influence of Covid-19 on health-related quality of life and the perception of being vaccinated to prevent Covid-19: An approach for community pharmacists from Romania and Bulgaria. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4), 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNWTO. (2013). Economic crisis, international tourism decline and its impact on the poor world. Tourism Organization and International Labour Organization. https://doi.org/10.18111/978928441444
   Google Scholar
• UNWTO. (2021). Covid-19 and tourism in 2020. https://www.unwto.org/Covid-19-and-tourism-2020
   Google Scholar
• Vogelsang, T. &. (2013). A fixed-b perspective on the Phillips–Perron unit root tests. Econometric Theory, 29(3), 609–628. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466612000485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vucenovic, D., Klimoska, A. M., & Manestar, D. (2020). Do tourist percept Croatia as a safe tourist destination? Presentation of the empirical evidence. UTMS Journal of Economics, 11(1), 80–92.
   Google Scholar
• World Travel & Tourism Council. (2020). Travel & Tourism Global Economic Impact & Trends. London: World Travel & Tourism Council.
   Google Scholar
• World Travel & Tourism Council Travel. (2021). Tourism Economic Impact—World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). London, UK: WTTC.
   Google Scholar
• YiFei, L., & Han, C. (2018). Prediction for tourism flow based on LSTM neural network. Procedia Computer Science, 129, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.03.076
   Google Scholar
• Ying, L., Yung-Ho, C., Yushan, L., & Tai-Yu, L.-N. (2021). The influence of the internet on catering and accommodation industry efficiency. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1952087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yustisia, K., Pramono, R., & Reagan, B. (2021). Adaptation strategy of tourism industry stakeholders during the Covid-19 pandemic: A case study in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(4), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO4.0213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W.-W., Dawei, W., Majeed, M. T., & Sohail, S. (2021). Covid-19 and international trade: insights and policy challenges in China and USA. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1930091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar