Mammal and bird species using cavities among forests of different ages on Okinawajima Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

References

• Aitken KEH, Martin K. 2007. The importance of excavators in hole-nesting communities: availability and use of natural tree holes in old mixed forests of western Canada. J Ornithol. 148(S2):425–434. doi:10.1007/s10336-007-0166-9.
   Google Scholar
• Annand E, Thompson IIIFR. 1997. Forest bird response to regeneration practices in central hardwood forests. J Wildl Manage. 61(1):159–171. doi:10.2307/3802425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asari Y, Kimoto Y, Noda K. 2021. Five day-roosts of Myotis yanbarensis and Murina ryukyuana on the Amami-Oshima Island, Kagoshima, Japan. Mamm Sci. 61:49–54. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Baroni D, Korpimäki E, Selonen V, Laaksonen T. 2020. Tree cavity abundance and beyond: nesting and food storing sites of the pygmy owl in managed boreal forests. For Ecol Manage. 460:117818. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bull EL, Nielsen -Pincus N, Wales BC, Hayes JL. 2007. The influence of disturbance events on pileated woodpeckers in Northeastern Oregon. For Ecol Manage. 243(2–3):320–329. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunnell FL. 2013. Sustaining cavity-using species: patterns of cavity use and implications to forest management. Int Sch Res Notices. 33. accessed 2021 Oct 26 https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2013/457698.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Burnham KP, Anderson DR. 2002. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-theoretic Approach, Second edition. New York: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson A, Sandstrom U, Olsson K. 1998. Availability and use of natural tree holes by cavity nesting birds in a Swedish deciduous forest. Ardea. 86:109–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockle KL, Martin K, Wesolowski T. 2011a. Woodpeckers, decay, and the future of cavity-nesting vertebrate communities worldwide. Front Ecol Environ. 9(7):377–382. doi:10.1890/110013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockle K, Martin K, Wiebe K. 2011b. Selection of nest trees by cavity-nesting birds in the Neotropical Atlantic forest. Biotropica. 43(2):228–236. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00661.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drever MC, Martin K. 2010. Response of woodpeckers to changes in forest health and harvest: implications for conservation of avian biodiversity. For Ecol Manage. 259(5):958–966. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edworthy AB, Trzcinski MK, Cockle KL, Wiebe KL, Martin K. 2018. Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age. J Wildl Manage. 82(3):639–648. doi:10.1002/jwmg.21398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enoki T. 2003. Microtopography and distribution of canopy trees in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. Ecol Res. 18(2):103–113. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00549.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukui D, Sano A 2019a. Murina ryukyuana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. e.T29485A22066512. [accessed 2019a Oct 26]. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T29485A22066512.en
   Google Scholar
• Fukui D, Sano A 2019b. Myotis yanbarensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T29484A22067327. [accessed 2019b Oct 26]. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T29484A22067327.en
   Google Scholar
• Gibbons P, Lindenmayer D. 2002. Tree Hollows and Wildlife Conservation in Australia. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Goldingay RL. 2009. Characteristics of tree hollows used by Australian birds and bats. Wildl Res. 36(5):394–409. doi:10.1071/WR08172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman G. 2014. Woodpeckers of the world: the complete guide. London: A&C Black.
   Google Scholar
• Haapanen A. 1965. Bird fauna of Finnish forests in relation to forest succession. Ann Zool Fennici. 2:153–196.
   Google Scholar
• Hagan JM, McKinley PS, Meehan AL, Grove SL. 1997. Diversity and abundance of landbirds in a northeastern industrial forest. J Wildl Manage. 61(3):718–735. doi:10.2307/3802179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higuchi H, Kanai Y, Kawakubo N, Koura T, Santanda F, Mizoguchi F, Hamaya S. 1990. Frequency of use of nest boxes and breeding ecology of the Ryukyu Robin Erithacus komadori on Nakano-shima in the Tokara Islands. Strix. 9:1–13. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Magrath RD, Oteyza JC, Chalfoun AD, Haff TM, Schmidt KA, Thomson RL, Martin TE. 2015. Nest predation research: recent findings and future perspectives. J Ornithol. 156(S1):S247–S262. doi:10.1007/s10336-015-1207-4.
   Google Scholar
• Ito Y. 1997. Diversity of forest tree species in Yanbaru, the northern part of Okinawa Island. Plant Ecol. 133(2):125–133. doi:10.1023/A:1009748016272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito Y, Miyagi K, Ota H. 2000. Imminent extinction crisis among the endemic species of the forests of Yanbaru, Okinawa, Japan. Oryx. 34(4):305–316. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00136.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko Y. 2005. Ryukyu long-furred rat Diplothrix legata (Thomas, 1906). In: Abe H, editor. A guide to the wild mammals of Japan. revised, Japanese. Kanagawa: Tokai University Press, p. 142.
   Google Scholar
• King DI, DeGraaf RM. 2000. Bird species diversity and nesting success in mature, clearcut and shelterwood forest in northern New Hampshire, USA. For Ecol Manage. 129(1–3):227–235. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00167-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinjo M, Kotaka N. 2017. Luscinia komadori namiyei (Stejneger, 1887). In: Nature Conservation Division, Department of Environmental Affairs, Okinawa Prefectural Government, editor. Threatened Wildlife in Okinawa, Third Edition (Animals)-red Data Okinawa, editor. Nature Conservation Division, Department of Environmental Affairs, Okinawa Prefectural Government. Okinawa: Nature Conservation Division, Department of Environmental Affairs, Okinawa Prefectural Government; p. 133–134. Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Kotaka N, Matsuoka S. 2002. Secondary users of great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) nest cavities in urban and suburban forests in Sapporo City, northern Japan. Ornithol Sci. 1(2):117–122. doi:10.2326/osj.1.117.
   Google Scholar
• Kotaka N, Preble J, Saito K, Toguchi Y, Kudaka M, Sakoda T, Yagihashi T. 2021. Recent nest tree use by the critically endangered Okinawa woodpecker in relation to forest age and two exotic forest pests. J For Res. 26(3):192–200. doi:10.1080/13416979.2021.1913790.
   Google Scholar
• Kubota Y, Katsuda K, Kikuzawa K. 2005. Secondary succession and effects of clear-logging on diversity in the subtropical forests on Okinawa Island, southern Japan. Biodivers Conserv. 14(4):879–901. doi:10.1007/s10531-004-0657-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li P, Martin TE. 1991. Nest-site selection and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in high elevation forest drainages. Auk. 108:405–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenmayer DB, Franklin JF. 2002. Conserving forest biodiversity: a comprehensive multiscaled approach. Washington: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maeda K, Maruyama K. 2017. Murina ryukyuana Maeda and Matsumura, 1998. In: Threatened Wildlife in Okinawa, Third Edition (Animals)-red Data Okinawa, editor. Nature Conservation Division, Department of Environmental Affairs, Okinawa Prefectural Government. Okinawa: Nature Conservation Division, Department of Environmental Affairs, Okinawa Prefectural Government; p. 102–103. Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Mannan RW, Meslow EC, Wight HM. 1980. Use of snags by birds in Douglas fir forests. J Wildl Manage. 44(4):787–797. doi:10.2307/3808306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin K, Aitken KEH, Wiebe KL. 2004. Nest sites and nest webs for cavity-nesting communities in interior British Columbia, Canada: nest characteristics and niche partitioning. The Condor. 106(1):5–19. doi:10.1093/condor/106.1.5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin K, Eadie JM. 1999. Nest webs: a community-wide approach to the management and conservation of cavity-nesting forest birds. For Ecol Manage. 115(2–3):243–257. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00403-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurer BA, McArthur LB, Whitmore RC. 1981. Effects of logging on guild structure of a forest bird community in West Virginia. Am Birds. 35:11–13.
   Google Scholar
• Nakama Y. 2010. Reminiscences on the forestry life in Kunigami village, the northern part of main Island of Okinawa. Sci Bull Fac Agric Univ Ryukyus. 57: 41–57. Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Newton I. 1994. The role of nest sites in limiting the numbers of hole-nesting birds: a review. Biol Conserv. 70(3):265–276. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90172-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton I. 1998. Population limitation in birds. San Diego: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson SG. 1984. The evolution of nest-site selection among hole-nesting birds: the importance of nest predation and competition. Ornis Scandinavica. 15(3):167–175. doi:10.2307/3675958.
   Google Scholar
• Okinawa Prefectural Board of Education. 1981. Survey Report of the Actual Situation of the Ryukyu Long-furred Rat. Survey Series of the Natural Monuments of Okinawa Prefecture. Vol. 22. Okinawa: Okinawa Prefectural Board of Education. Okinawa Prefectural Board of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Oshima Y, Takashima A. 2020. Succession from 30 to 40-year-old secondary forest in the Yambaru area of Okinawa Island. Kyushu J For Res. 73: 27–32. Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Pattanavibool A, Edge WD. 1996. Single-tree selection silviculture affects cavity resources in mixed deciduous forests in Thailand. J Wildl Manage. 60(1):67–73. doi:10.2307/3802041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preble JH, Vincenot C, Ohte N. 2019. Ecology and conservation of rare bats: tracking Myotis yanbarensis and Murina ryukyuana. Annu Rep Pro Natura Found Japan. 28:98–104. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Preble JH, Vincenot C, Ohte N. 2020. Ecology and conservation of rare bats: tracking, distribution, and diet of the Yanbaru whiskered bat Myotis yanbarensis and Ryukyu tube-nosed bat Murina ryukyuana. Annu Rep Pro Natura Found Japan. 29:231–237. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Preble JH, Vincenot C, Saito K, Ohte N. 2021. Roosting ecology of endangered plant-roosting bats on Okinawa Island: implications for bat-friendly forestry practices. Ecol Evol. 11(1):11. 10.1002/ece3.7098.
   Google Scholar
• Remm J, Lõhmus A. 2011. Tree cavities in forests–The broad distribution pattern of a keystone structure for biodiversity. For Ecol Manage. 262(4):579–585. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robb JR, Cramer MS, Pakrker AR. 1996. Use of tree cavities by fox squirrels and raccoons in Indiana. J Mammal. 77(4):1017–1027. doi:10.2307/1382782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robles H, Martin K. 2014. Habitat-mediated variation in the importance of ecosystem engineers for secondary cavity nesters in a nest web. PLoS ONE. 9(2):e90071. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph DC, Conner RC, Turner J. 1990. Competition for red-cockaded woodpecker roost and nest cavities: effects of resin age and entrance diameter. Wilson Bull. 102:23–36.
   Google Scholar
• Saito K. 2011. Forest age distribution in Kunigami-village, Okinawa, based on forest register data. Pap Environ Inf Sci. 25: 245–250. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Saunders DA, Smith GT, Rowley I. 1982. The availability and dimensions of tree hollows that provide nest sites for cockatoos (Psittaciformes) in Western Australia. Wildl Res. 9(3):541–556. doi:10.1071/WR9820541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schepps J, Lohr S, Martin TE. 1999. Does tree hardness influence nest-tree selection by primary cavity nesters? Auk. 116(3):658–665. doi:10.2307/4089327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severinghaus LL. 2000. Territoriality and the significance of calling in the Lanyu Scops Owl Otus elegans botelensis. Ibis. 142(2): 297–304. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04869.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siitonen J, Jonsson BG. 2012. Other associations with dead woody material. In: Stokland JN, Siitonen J, Jonsson BG, editors. Biodiversity in dead wood. New York: Cambridge University Press; p. 58–81.
   Google Scholar
• Takano S. 2015. A field guide to the birds of Japan. Tokyo: Wild Bird Soc Japan. Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Takashima A, Inafuku S. 2017. Current stand dynamics of 65- to 70-year-old secondary forest in the Yambaru area of Okinawa Island. Kyushu J For Res. 70:17–20. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Takashima A, Kajisa T, Saito K. 2008. The changes of forest use and development in the northern part of Okinawa Island based on aerial photographs interpretation. Kyushu J For Res. 61:56–57. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Takashima A, Nakanishi A, Morishita M, Abe S, Saito K, Kotaka N. 2021. Tree-cavity formation in the mature subtropical forests of Yambaru, Okinawa Island. J For Res. 26(6):410–418. doi:10.1080/13416979.2021.1955440.
   Google Scholar
• Takashima A, Oshima J, Kudaka M, Saito K. 2014. Stand structure of the subtropical natural forest in the Yambaru area of Okinawa Island: a comparison of a 60-year-old secondary forest and a mature non-clear-cut forest. Jpn J For Plann. 48:27–34. Japanese with English summary.
   Google Scholar
• Takehara K. 2002. Notes on breeding records of rare three residental birds (subspecies) in Okinawa Is., The Ryukyus. Bull Okinawa Pref Museum. 28:1–11. Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Takehara K, Sunagawa E, Higa K, Miyagi K, Takara J, Kinjo T, Nakachi K, Nagamine T. 2008. Migration records and rare data on mating habits of rare birds in Okinawa Prefecture from 2003 to 2006. Nanto-bunka. 30:127–144. Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Toyama M, Kotaka N, Koizumi I. 2015. Breeding timing and nest predation rate of sympatric scops owls with different dietary niche breadth. Can J Zool. 93(11):841–847. doi:10.1139/cjz-2015-0060.
   Google Scholar
• van der Hoek Y, Gaona GV, Martin K. 2017. The diversity, distribution and conservation status of the tree-cavity-nesting birds of the world. Biodivers Res. 23:1120–1131.
   Google Scholar
• Wells K, Lakim MB, Pfeiffer M. 2006. Nest site of rodents and treeshrews in Borneo. Ecotropica. 12:141–149.
   Google Scholar
• Yano H, Ueda K. 2005. Nest structure and nest constructing behavior of Ruddy Kingfisher Halcyon coromanda bangsi using artificial nest boxes made from foaming polystyrene. Jpn J Ornithol. 54(1):49–52. doi:10.3838/jjo.54.49.
   Google Scholar