References
- Abdel-Aal, E. S. M., & Hucl, P. (1999). A rapid method for quantifying total anthocyanins in blue aleurone and purple pericarp wheats. Cereal Chemistry, 76(3), 350–354. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.3.350
- Allan, J. E. (1961). The determination of zinc in agricultural materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. Analyst, 86(1025), 530–534. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9618600530
- Chen, X. Q., Nagao, N., Itani, T., & Irifune, K. (2012). Anti-oxidative analysis, and identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in different coloured rice. Food Chemistry, 135(4), 2783–2788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.098
- Deng, G.-F., Xu, X.-R., Zhang, Y., Li, D., Gan, R.-Y., & Li, H.-B. (2013). Phenolic compounds and bioactivities of pigmented Rice. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(3), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.529624
- Esteban, M. A., Villanueva, M. J., & Lissarrague, J. R. (2001). Effect of irrigation on changes in the anthocyanin composition of the skin of cv Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L) grape berries during ripening. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 8(4), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(200103)81:4<409::AID-JSFA830>3.0.CO;2-H
- Fageria, N. K., Carvalho, G. D., Santos, A. B., Ferreira, E. P. B., & Knupp, A. M. (2011). Chemistry of lowland rice soils and nutrient availability. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(16), 1913–1933. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.591467
- Fageria, N. K., Santos, A. B., Barbosa Filho, M. P., & Guimaraes, C. M. (2008). Iron toxicity in lowland rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(9), 1676–1697. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802244902
- Fan, X. Y., Karim, M. R., Chen, X. P., Zhang, Y. Q., Gao, X. P., & Zhang, F. S. (2012). Growth and iron uptake of lowland and aerobic rice genotypes under flooded and aerobic cultivation. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43(13), 1811–1822. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2012.684826
- Gao, X., Hoffland, E., Stomph, T., Grant, C. A., Zou, C., & Zhang, F. (2012). Improving zinc bioavailability in transition from flooded to aerobic rice. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 32, 465–478. doi: 10.1007/s13593-011-0053-x
- Goufo, P., & Trindade, H. (2017). Factors influencing antioxidant compounds in rice. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(5), 893–922. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.922046
- He, F., Mu, L., Yan, G. L., Liang, N. N., Pan, Q. H., Wang, J., Reeves, M. J., & Duan, C. Q. (2010). Biosynthesis of anthocyanins and their regulation in colored grapes. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 15(12), 9057–9091. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15129057
- Hu, C., Zawistowski, J., Ling, W. H., & Kitts, D. D. (2003). Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) pigmented fraction suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in chemical and biological model systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(18), 5271–5277. doi: 10.1021/jf034466n
- Impa, S. M., & Johnson-Beebout, S. E. (2012). Mitigating zinc deficiency and achieving high grain Zn in rice through integration of soil chemistry and plant physiology research. Plant and Soil, 361(1–2), 3–41. https://doi.org/s13593-011-0053-x/s11104-012-1315-3
- Ishimaru, Y., Suzuki, M., Tsukamoto, T., Suzuki, K., Nakazono, M., Kobayashi, T., Wada, Y., Watanabe, S., Matsuhashi, S., Takahashi, M., Nakanishi, H., Mori, S., & Nishizawa, N. K. (2006). Rice plants take up iron as an Fe 3+-phytosiderophore and as Fe2+. Plant Journal, 45(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02624.x
- Ito, V. C., & Lacerda, L. G. (2019). Black rice (Oryza sativa L.): A review of its historical aspects, chemical composition, nutritional and functional properties, and applications and processing technologies. Food Chemistry, 301, 125304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125304
- Jaksomsak, P., Rerkasem, B., & Prom-u-thai, C. (2017). Responses of grain zinc and nitrogen concentration to nitrogen fertilizer application in rice varieties with high-yielding low-grain zinc and low-yielding high grain zinc concentration. Plant and Soil, 411(1–2), 101–109. https://doi.org/s13593-011-0053-x/s11104-016-3056-1
- Jaksomsak, P., Yimyam, N., Dell, B., Prom-u-thai, C., & Rerkasem, B. (2015). Variation of seed zinc in a local upland rice germplasm from Thailand. Plant Genetic Resources -characterization and Utilization, 13(2), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262114000872
- Jamjod, S., Yimyam, N., Lordkaew, S., Prom-U-Thai, C., & Rerkasem, B. (2017). Characterization of on-farm rice germplasm in an area of the crop’s Center of diversity. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Science, 16(2), 85–98. doi: 10.12982/cmujns.2017.0007
- Johnson-Beebout, S. E., Lauren, J. G., & Duxbury, J. M. (2009). Immobilization of zinc fertilizer in flooded soils monitored by adapted DTPA soil test. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 40(11–12), 1842–1861. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620902896738
- Kaladee, D. (2011). Khao Kam (Niaw Dam), the neglected Thai rice resources. Chiang Mai University. (in Thai).
- Khan, F., Upreti, P., Singh, R., Shukla, P. K., & Shirke, P. A. (2017). Physiological performance of two contrasting rice varieties under water stress. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 23(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-016-0399-2
- Konczak, I., & Zhang, W. (2004). Anthocyanins - More than nature’s colours. Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology, 5(5), 239–240. https://doi.org/10.1155/S1110724304407013
- Luna-Vital, D., Cortez, R., Ongkowijoyo, P., & de Mejia, E. G. (2018). Protection of color and chemical degradation of anthocyanin from purple corn (Zea mays L.) by zinc ions and alginate through chemical interaction in a beverage model. Food Research International, 105, 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.009
- Moonnilta, P. (2010). Genetic diversity of local purple glutinous rice varieties [Master’s thesis]. Chiang Mai University, 1–100. (in Thai).
- Orasen, G., De Nisi, P., Lucchini, G., Abruzzese, A., Pesenti, M., Maghrebi, M., Kumar, A., Nocito, F. F., Baldoni, E., Morgutti, S., Negrini, N., Valè, G., & Sacchi, G. A. (2019). Continuous flooding or alternate wetting and drying differently affect the accumulation of health-promoting phytochemicals and minerals in rice brown grain. Agronomy, 9(10), 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100628
- Pengkumsri, N., Chaiyasut, C., Saenjum, C., Sirilun, S., Peerajan, S., Suwannalert, P., Sirisattha, S., & Sivamaruthi, B. S. (2015). Physicochemical and antioxidative properties of black, brown and red rice varieties of northern Thailand. Food Science and Technology, 35(2), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.6573
- Pereira-Caro, G., Watanabe, S., Crozier, A., Fujimura, T., Yokota, T., & Ashihara, H. (2013). Phytochemical profile of a Japanese black-purple rice. Food Chemistry, 141(3), 2821–2827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.100
- Pintasen, S., Prom-u-thai, C., Jamjod, S., Yimyam, N., & Rerkasem., B. (2007). Variation of grain iron content in a local upland rice germplasm from the village of Huai Tee Cha in northern Thailand. Euphytica, 158(1–2), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9421-7
- Rayee, R., Tran, H. D., Xuan, T. D., & Khanh, T. D. (2018). Imposed water deficit after anthesis for the improvement of macronutrients, quality, phytochemicals, and antioxidants in rice grain. Sustainability, 10(12), 4843. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124843
- Saenchai, C., Prom-u-thai, C., Jamjod, S., Del, L. B., & Rerkasem, B. (2012). Genotypic variation in milling depression of iron and zinc concentration in rice grain. Plant and Soil, 361(1–2), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1228-1
- Saenchai, C., Prom-U-Thai, C., Lordkaew, S., Rouached, H., & Rerkasem, B. (2016). Distribution of iron and zinc in plant and grain of different rice genotypes grown under aerobic and wetland conditions. Journal of Cereal Science, 71, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2016.08.007
- Sompong, R., Siebenhandl-Ehn, S., Linsberger-Martin, G., & Berghofer, E. (2011). Physicochemical and antioxidative properties of red and black rice varieties from Thailand, China and Sri Lanka. Food Chemistry, 124(1), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.115
- Takahashil, T., Park, C.-Y., Nakajima, H., Sekiya, H., & Toriyama, K. (1999). Ferric iron transformation in soils with rotation of irrigated rice-upland crops and effect on soil tillage properties. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 45(1), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1999.10409332
- Tanaka, J., Nakanishi, T., Ogawa, K., Tsuruma, K., Shimazawa, M., Shimoda, H., & Hara, H. (2011). Purple rice extract and anthocyanidins of the constituents protect against light-induced retinal damage in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(2), 528–536. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103186a
- Vichapong, J., Sookserm, M., Srijesdaruk, V., Swatsitang, P., & Srijaranai, S. (2010). High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities in rice varieties. Lwt-Food Science and Technology, 43(9), 1325–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.05.007
- Wang, Y. Y., Wei, Y. Y., Dong, L. X., Lu, L. L., Feng, Y., & Zhang, J. (2014). Improved yield and Zn accumulation for rice grain by Zn fertilization and optimized water management. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B, 15(4), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1300263
- Xia, M., Ling, W. H., Ma, J., Kitts, D. D., & Zawistowski, J. (2003). Supplementation of diets with the black rice pigment fraction attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Journal of Nutrition, 133(3), 744–751. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.3.744
- Xu, Y. J., Gu, D. J., Li, K., Zhang, W. Y., Zhang, H., Wang, Z. Q., & Yang, J. (2019). Response of grain quality to alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation in rice. Crop Science, 59(3), 1261–1272. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2018.11.0700
- Yodmanee, S., Karrila, T., & Pakdeechanuan, P. (2011). Physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pigmented rice grown in Southern Thailand. International Food Research Journal, 18(3), 901‒906.
- Zhang, M. W., Zhang, R. F., Zhang, F. X., & Liu, R. H. (2010). Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of black rice bran of different commercially available varieties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(13), 7580–7587. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1007665