References
- Alexander, C. 1977. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. New York, NY, United States: Oxford university press.
- Alhazzani, M., F. Alhasoun, Z. Alawwad, and M. C. González. 2021. “Urban Attractors: Discovering Patterns in Regions of Attraction in Cities.“ PLoS One 16: e0250204.
- Andreu, L., J. Enrique Bigne, and C. Cooper. 2000. “Projected and Perceived Image of Spain as a Tourist Destination for British Travellers.” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 9 (4): 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v09n04_03.
- Ashworth, G., and S. J. Page. 2011. “Urban Tourism Research: Recent Progress and Current Paradoxes.” Tourism Management 32 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.002.
- Bansal, H., and H. A. Eiselt. 2004. “Exploratory Research of Tourist Motivations and Planning.” Tourism Management 25 (3): 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00135-3.
- Bernardo, F., and J. Manuel Palma-Oliveira. 2012. “Place Identity: A Central Concept in Understanding Intergroup Relationships in the Urban Context.” The Role of Place Identity in the Perception, Understanding, and Design of Built Environments 35–46. https://www.google.com.vn/books/edition/The_Role_of_Place_Identity_in_the_Percep/WM2e9gV9UxMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=A+central+concept+in+understanding+intergroup+relationships+in+the+urban+context.+role+place+identity+perception,+understanding&pg=PA35&printsec=frontcover.
- Boivin, M., and G. A. Tanguay. 2018. “How Urban Sustainable Development Can Improve Tourism Attractiveness.” Ara: Revista de Investigación En Turismo 8 (2): 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1344/ara.v8i2.27144.
- Boivin, M., and G. A. Tanguay. 2019. “Analysis of the Determinants of Urban Tourism Attractiveness: The Case of Québec City and Bordeaux.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 11:67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.11.002.
- Borges, A. P., C. Cunha, and J. Lopes. 2021. “The Main Factors That Determine the Intention to Revisit a Music Festival.” Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 13 (3): 314–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2020.1817051.
- Borio, C. 2020. “The COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Dangerously Unique.” Business Economics 55 (4): 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-020-00184-2.
- Botha, C., J. L. Crompton, and S.-S. Kim. 1999. “Developing a Revised Competitive Position for Sun/Lost City, South Africa.” Journal of Travel Research 37 (4): 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759903700404.
- Bozic, S., J. Kennell, M. D. Vujicic, and T. Jovanovic. 2017. “Urban Tourist Motivations: Why Visit Ljubljana?” International Journal of Tourism Cities 3 (4): 382–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-03-2017-0012.
- Brida, J. G., M. Meleddu, and M. Pulina. 2012. “Understanding Urban Tourism Attractiveness: The Case of the Archaeological Ötzi Museum in Bolzano.” Journal of Travel Research 51 (6): 730–741. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512437858.
- Campa, J. L., F. Pagliara, M. Eugenia López-Lambas, R. Arce, and B. Guirao. 2019. “Impact of High-Speed Rail on Cultural Tourism Development: The Experience of the Spanish Museums and Monuments.” Sustainability 11 (20): 5845. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205845.
- Chan, C.-S., S. Kan Yuen, X. Duan, and L. M. Marafa. 2018. “An Analysis of Push–Pull Motivations of Visitors to Country Parks in Hong Kong.” World Leisure Journal 60 (3): 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2018.1496527.
- Cohen-Hattab, K., and Y. Katz. 2001. “The Attraction of Palestine: Tourism in the Years 1850–1948.” Journal of Historical Geography 27 (2): 166–177. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhge.2001.0296.
- Crompton, J. L. 1979. “Motivations for Pleasure Vacation.” Annals of Tourism Research 6 (4): 408–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5.
- Crouch, G. I. 2011. “Destination Competitiveness: An Analysis of Determinant Attributes.” Journal of Travel Research 50 (1): 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510362776.
- Dann, G. M. S. 1981. “Tourist Motivation an Appraisal.” Annals of Tourism Research 8 (2): 187–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(81)90082-7.
- Enright, M. J., and J. Newton. 2004. “Tourism Destination Competitiveness: A Quantitative Approach.” Tourism Management 25 (6): 777–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.06.008.
- Fox, S. 2009. “Vacation or Staycation.” The Neumann Business Review 1–7. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8813cd72703ab190395cae6a6a8596b329d197b4.
- Fraiz, J. A., P. de Carlos, and N. Araújo. 2020. “Disclosing Homogeneity within Heterogeneity: A Segmentation of Spanish Active Tourism Based on Motivational Pull Factors.” Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 30:100294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100294.
- García-Hernández, M., M. De la Calle-Vaquero, and C. Yubero. 2017. “Cultural Heritage and Urban Tourism: Historic City Centres Under Pressure.” Sustainability 9 (8): 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081346.
- Gnoth, J. 1997. “Tourism Motivation and Expectation Formation.” Annals of Tourism Research 24 (2): 283–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80002-3.
- Hennink, M. M. 2013. Focus Group Discussions. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199856169.003.0001.
- Hossain, M. M., S. Tasnim, A. Sultana, F. Faizah, H. Mazumder, L. Zou, E. L. J. McKyer, H. Uddin Ahmed, and P. Ma. 2020. “Epidemiology of Mental Health Problems in COVID-19: A Review.” F1000research 9. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24457.1.
- Hurst, J. L., and L. S. Niehm. 2012. “Tourism Shopping in Rural Markets: A Case Study in Rural Iowa.” International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 6 (3): 194–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506181211246357.
- Jansen-Verbeke, M. 1986. “Inner-City Tourism: Resources, Tourists and Promoters.” Annals of Tourism Research 13 (1): 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(86)90058-7.
- Jeuring, J. H. G., and T. Haartsen. 2017. “The Challenge of Proximity: The (Un)attractiveness of Near-Home Tourism Destinations.” Tourism Geographies 19 (1): 118–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1175024.
- Kaplan, R. 1985. “The Analysis of Perception via Preference: A Strategy for Studying How the Environment is Experienced.” Landscape Planning 12 (2): 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90058-9.
- Kim, A. M. 2015. Sidewalk City: Remapping Public Space in Ho Chi Minh City. University of Chicago Press.
- Koga, T., A. Taka, J. Munakata, T. Kojima, K. Hirate, and M. Yasuoka. 1999. “Participatory Research of Townscape, Using” Caption Evaluation Method“-Studies of the Cognition and the Evaluation of Townscape, Part 1.” JOURNAL of ARCHITECTURE PLANNING and ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 64 (517): 79–84. https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.64.79_2.
- Kumar, A., and K. Rajasekharan Nayar. 2021. “COVID 19 and Its Mental Health Consequences.“ Journal of Mental Health 30 (1): 1–2.
- Lim, S., and E. Giouvris. 2020. “Tourist Arrivals in Korea: Hallyu as a Pull Factor.” Current Issues in Tourism 23 (1): 99–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1372391.
- Lynch, K. 1960. The Image of the City. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press.
- Mariani, M., and B. Okumus. 2022. “Features, Drivers, and Outcomes of Food Tourism.” British Food Journal 124 (2): 401–405. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2022-022.
- Meng, F., Y. Tepanon, and M. Uysal. 2008. “Measuring Tourist Satisfaction by Attribute and Motivation: The Case of a Nature-Based Resort.” Journal of Vacation Marketing 14 (1): 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707084218.
- Merwe, P. V. D., E. Slabbert, and M. Saayman. 2011. “Travel Motivations of Tourists to Selected Marine Destinations.” International Journal of Tourism Research 13 (5): 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.820.
- Mikulić, J., D. Krešić, D. Prebežac, K. Miličević, and M. Šerić. 2016. “Identifying Drivers of Destination Attractiveness in a Competitive Environment: A Comparison of Approaches.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 5 (2): 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.12.003.
- Miller, D., B. Merrilees, and A. Coghlan. 2015. “Sustainable Urban Tourism: Understanding and Developing Visitor Pro-Environmental Behaviours.” Journal of Sustainable Tourism 23 (1): 26–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.912219.
- Muritala, B. A., A.-B. Hernández-Lara, and M.-V. Sánchez-Rebull. 2022. “COVID-19 Staycations and the Implications for Leisure Travel.” Heliyon 8 (10): e10867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10867.
- Naderifar, M., H. Goli, and F. Ghaljaie. 2017. “Snowball Sampling: A Purposeful Method of Sampling in Qualitative Research.” Strides in Development of Medical Education 14 (3): 3. https://doi.org/10.5812/sdme.67670.
- Nasar, J. L. 1994. “Urban Design Aesthetics: The Evaluative Qualities of Building Exteriors.” Environment and Behavior 26 (3): 377–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/001391659402600305.
- Neto, O. A., S. Jeong, J. Munakata, Y. Yoshida, T. Ogawa, and S. Yamamura. 2016. “Physical Element Effects in Public Space Attendance.” Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 15 (3): 479–485. https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.15.479.
- Nguyen, N. H. 2015. Understanding the Generative Process in Traditional Urbanism: An Application Using Pattern and Form Languages. Phoenix, Arizona, USA: Arizona State University.
- Pachucki, M. C., E. J. Ozer, A. Barrat, and C. Cattuto. 2015. “Mental Health and Social Networks in Early Adolescence: A Dynamic Study of Objectively-Measured Social Interaction Behaviors.” Social Science & Medicine 125: 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.015.
- Pawłowska-Legwand, A., and Ł. Matoga. 2016. “Staycation as a Way of Spending Free Time by City Dwellers: Examples of Tourism Products Created by Local Action Groups in Lesser Poland Voivodeship in Response to a New Trend in Tourism.” World Scientific News 51: 4–12. https://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/WSN-51-2016-4-12.pdf.
- Pham, P. C. 2018. “Giá Trị Kiến Trúc Đô Thị Đặc Trưng Của Khu Vực Trung Tâm Lịch Sử Sài Gòn - Tp Hồ Chí Minh.” Tạp Chí Kiến Trúc (1). https://www.tapchikientruc.com.vn/chuyen-muc/gia-tri-kien-truc-thi-dac-trung-cua-khu-vuc-trung-tam-lich-su-sai-gon-tp-ho-chi-minh.html
- Pham, P. C. 2019. “Tính Đa Dạng Văn Hoá và Diện Mạo Kiến Trúc Đô Thị Sài Gòn-Tp Hồ Chí Minh.” Tạp Chí Kiến Trúc (10). https://www.tapchikientruc.com.vn/chuyen-muc/tinh-da-dang-van-hoa-va-dien-mao-kien-truc-do-thi-sai-gon-tp-hcm.html
- Prayag, G., and S. Hosany. 2014. “When Middle East Meets West: Understanding the Motives and Perceptions of Young Tourists from United Arab Emirates.” Tourism Management 40: 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.05.003.
- Rigall-I-Torrent, R. 2008. “Sustainable Development in Tourism Municipalities: The Role of Public Goods.” Tourism Management 29 (5): 883–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.10.004.
- Romão, J., and Y. Bi. 2021. “Determinants of Collective Transport Mode Choice and Its Impacts on Trip Satisfaction in Urban Tourism.” Journal of Transport Geography 94: 103094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103094.
- Romão, J., K. Kourtit, B. Neuts, and P. Nijkamp. 2018. “The Smart City as a Common Place for Tourists and Residents: A Structural Analysis of the Determinants of Urban Attractiveness.” Cities 78: 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.11.007.
- Romão, J., B. Neuts, P. Nijkamp, and E. Van Leeuwen. 2015. “Culture, Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation: A Structural Analysis of the Motivation and Satisfaction of Tourists in Amsterdam.” Tourism Economics 21 (3): 455–474. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0483.
- Salingaros, N. A. 2000. “The Structure of Pattern Languages.” ARQ: Architectural Research Quarterly 4 (2): 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135500002591.
- Sanui, J., and M. Inui. 1986. “Extraction of Residential Environment Evaluation Structures Using Repertory Grid Development Technique–A Study on Residential Environment Evaluation Based on Cognitive Psychology–.” Journal of Architecture and Planning, (367): 15–22.
- Servillo, L., R. Atkinson, and A. Paolo Russo. 2012. “Territorial Attractiveness in EU Urban and Spatial Policy: A Critical Review and Future Research Agenda.” European Urban and Regional Studies 19 (4): 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776411430289.
- Sirkis, G., O. Regalado-Pezúa, O. Carvache-Franco, and W. Carvache-Franco. 2022. “The Determining Factors of Attractiveness in Urban Tourism: A Study in Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Bogota, and Lima.” Sustainability 14 (11): 6900. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116900.
- Steptoe, A., and G. Di Gessa. 2021. “Mental Health and Social Interactions of Older People with Physical Disabilities in England During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.” The Lancet Public Health 6 (6): e365–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00069-4.
- Sugiyama, T., E. Leslie, B. Giles-Corti, and N. Owen. 2008. “Associations of Neighbourhood Greenness with Physical and Mental Health: Do Walking, Social Coherence and Local Social Interaction Explain the Relationships?” Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 62 (5): e9–e9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.064287.
- Talevi, D., V. Socci, M. Carai, G. Carnaghi, S. Faleri, E. Trebbi, A. di Bernardo, F. Capelli, and F. Pacitti. 2020. “Mental Health Outcomes of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Rivista Di Psichiatria 55 (3): 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1708/3382.33569.
- Tam, B. 2022. “Đánh Thức Bản Sắc Đô Thị Sông Nước Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh.” Báo Xây Dựng. https://baoxaydung.com.vn/danh-thuc-ban-sac-do-thi-song-nuoc-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-331211.html.
- Uysal, M., and C. Jurowski. 1994. “Testing the Push and Pull Factors.” Annals of Tourism Research 21 (4): 844–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90091-4.
- Wang, L., B. Fang, and R. Law. 2018. “Effect of Air Quality in the Place of Origin on Outbound Tourism Demand: Disposable Income as a Moderator.” Tourism Management 68: 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.03.007.
- Wong, I. A., Z. Lin, and I. Esther Kou. 2023. “Restoring Hope and Optimism Through Staycation Programs: An Application of Psychological Capital Theory.” Journal of Sustainable Tourism 31 (1): 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1970172.
- Wu, M.-Y., and G. Wall. 2017. “Visiting Heritage Museums with Children: Chinese Parents’ Motivations.” Journal of Heritage Tourism 12 (1): 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2016.1201085.
- Xinhua, G., L. Sheng, and C. Lei. 2022. “Specialization or Diversification: A Theoretical Analysis for Tourist Cities.” Cities 122: 103517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103517.
- Zehrer, A., and K. Hallmann. 2015. “A Stakeholder Perspective on Policy Indicators of Destination Competitiveness.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 4 (2): 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.03.003.
- Zhang, Y., and Y. Peng. 2014. “Understanding Travel Motivations of Chinese Tourists Visiting Cairns, Australia.” Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management 21: 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2014.07.001.