Notes
- Levin , Ser Dov , ed. 1988 . “ ‘Pinkas Ha‐kehillot. Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities. Latvia and Estonia’ ” . Jerusalem
- Patai , Raphael , ed. 1971 . “ ‘Jews in Lithuania’ ” . In Encyclopaedia of Zionism and Israel New York
- Kozlov , Viktor . 1988 . The Peoples of the Soviet Union , Hutchinson .