Agree now – pay later: escaping the joint decision trap in the evolution of the EU emission trading system

REFERENCES

• Agence Europe (2008a) ‘EU/Climate: EU 27 confirms climate targets – politicians wrangle over details at December summit’, Brussels, 16 October.
   Google Scholar
• Agence Europe (2008b) ‘EU/Environmental Council: resolve to reach EP/Council agreement by end of year is confirmed, if possible before Poznan’, Luxembourg, 20 October.
   Google Scholar
• Agence Europe (2008c) ‘EU/European Council: EU is determined to adopt climate package by spring 2009 at latest and to protect energy-intensive industries’, Brussels, 14 March.
   Google Scholar
• Agence Europe (2009) ‘EP/Climate: environment committee approves list of sectors exposed to carbon leakage’, Brussels, 5 November.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, B. and Di Maria, C. (2011) ‘Abatement and allocation in the pilot phase’, Environmental and Resource Economics 48(1): 83–103. doi: 10.1007/s10640-010-9399-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, S. S. and Sitter, N. (2006) ‘Differentiated integration: what is it and how much can the EU accommodate?’, Journal of European Integration 28(4): 313–30. doi: 10.1080/07036330600853919
   Google Scholar
• Arthur, B. W. (1994) Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, F. R. and Jones, B. D. (1993) Agendas and Instability in American Politics, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Butzengeiger, S. and Michaelowa, A. (2004) ‘Greenhouse gas emissions trading in the European Union – background and implementation of a “new” climate policy instrument’, Intereconomics 39(3): 116–18. doi: 10.1007/BF02933574
   Google Scholar
• Burns, C. and Carter, N. (2010) ‘The European Parliament and climate change: from symbolism to heroism and back again’, In ConnellyJ.WurzelR. (Ed.), The European Union as a Leader in International Climate Change Politics, (pp. 58–73). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen, A. C. and Wettestad, J. (2003) ‘The EU as a frontrunner on greenhouse gas emissions trading: how did it happen and will the EU succeed?’, Climate Policy 3(1): 3–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Convery, F. J. (2009) ‘Origins and development of the EU ETS’, Environmental and Resource Economics 43(3): 391–412. doi: 10.1007/s10640-009-9275-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Convery, F. J., De Perthuis, C. and Ellerman, D. (2008) ‘The European carbon market in action: lessons from the first trading period’, Interim Report, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, ,
   Google Scholar
• Costa, O. (2008) ‘Is climate change changing the EU? The second image reversed in climate politics’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs 21(4): 527–44. doi: 10.1080/09557570802452854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyson, K. and Sepos, A. (2010) In DysonK.SeposA. (Ed.), Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Egenhofer, C., Fujiwara, N., Ahman, M. and Zetterberg, L. (2006) ‘The EU ETS: taking stock and looking ahead’, EPC Background Paper No.3, , European Climate Platform (EPC)
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2000) ‘Green paper on greenhouse gas emissions trading within the european union’, , COM(2000)87, 3 March
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2006) ‘Building a global carbon market: report pursuant to Article 30 of Directive 87/2003/EC’, COM(2006)676, 13 November’, ,
   Google Scholar
• European Commission (2010) ‘Information note to the Commission. The impact of the volcanic ash cloud on the air transport industry’, SEC(2010)533, 27 April’, ,
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament (2008) ‘The future elements of the EU Emission Trading Scheme’, IP/ITRE/ST/2007-08, February 2008’, ,
   Google Scholar
• Falkner, G. (2011) In FalknerG. (Ed.), The EU's Decision Traps. Comparing Policies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goetz, K. H. (2009) ‘How does the EU tick? Five propositions on political time’, Journal of European Public Policy 16(2): 202–20. doi: 10.1080/13501760802589214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz, K. H. (2010) ‘The temporal dimension’, In DysonK.SeposA. (Ed.), Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration, (pp. 67–81). Basingstoke: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Grzymala-Busse, A. (2011) ‘Time will tell? Temporality and the analysis of causal mechanisms and processes’, Comparative Political Studies 44(9): 1267–97. doi: 10.1177/0010414010390653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heindl, P. (2012) ‘Transaction costs and tradable permits: empirical evidence from the EU Emission Trading Scheme’, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 12-021, Mannheim: ZEW.
   Google Scholar
• Héritier, A. (1999) Policy-Making and Diversity in Europe. Escape from Deadlock, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hey, C. (2008). ‘Rediscovering hierachy: the “new” EU approach on climate change’, Paper presented at the EU Environmental Policy and Governance: the Challenge of Climate Change and Beyond Conference, European University Institute, Florence, June, 20–21.
   Google Scholar
• Holzinger, K. (2011) ‘Environmental policy in the joint-decision trap? The critical balance between “market making” and “market correcting”’, In FalknerG. (Ed.), The EU's Decision Traps, (pp. 110–28). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Howlett, M. (2009) ‘Process sequencing policy dynamics: beyond homeostasis and path dependency, Journal of Public Policy 29(3): 241–62.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, M. A. (2011) Governing for the Long Term: Democracy and the Politics of Investment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, A. J. and Adelle, C. (2012) In JordanA. J.AdelleC. (Ed.), Environmental Policy in the EU: Actors, Institutions and Processes, London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, A. J, van Asselt, H., Berkhout, F. and Rayner, T. (2012) ‘Understanding the paradoxes of multi-level governing: climate change policy in the European Union’, Global Environmental Politics 12(2): 43–66. doi: 10.1162/GLEP_a_00108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knill, C. (2008) Europäische Umweltpolitik: Steuerungsprobleme und Regulierungsmuster im Mehrebenensystem, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
   Google Scholar
• Kölliker, A. (2001) ‘Bringing together or driving appart the Union? Towards a theory of differentiated integration’, West European Politics 24(4): 125–51. doi: 10.1080/01402380108425468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linz, J. J. (1998) ‘Democracy's time constraints’, International Political Science Review 19(1): 19–37. doi: 10.1177/019251298019001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, J. (2000) ‘Path dependence in historical sociology’, Theory and Society 29(4): 507–48. doi: 10.1023/A:1007113830879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, J. and Thelen, K. (2010) In MahoneyJ.ThelenK. (Ed.), Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency, and Power, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mintrom, M. (1997) ‘Policy entrepreneurs and the diffusion of innovation’, American Journal of Political Science 41(3): 738–70.
   Google Scholar
• Nicolaidis, P. (1998) ‘Negotiating effectively for accession to the European Union. Realistic expectations, feasible targets, credible arguments’, Eipascope 1, 8–13.
   Google Scholar
• Oberthür, S. and Roche Kelly, C. (2008) ‘EU leadership in international climate policy: achievements and challenges’, The International Spectator 43(3): 35–50. doi: 10.1080/03932720802280594
   Google Scholar
• Oberthür, S. and Pallemaerts, (2010) In OberthürS.Pallemaerts (Ed.), The New Climate Policies of the European Union: Internal Legislation and Climate Diplomacy, Brussels: VUB Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pahle, M. (2010) ‘Germany's dash for coal: exploring drivers and factors’, Energy Polity 38(7): 3431–42. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, L. (2011) ‘Climate change and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS): looking to 2020’, CRS Report for Congress, , Congressional Research Service
   Google Scholar
• Patashnik, E. (2003) ‘After the public interest prevails: the political sustainability of policy reform’, Governance 16(12): 203–34. doi: 10.1111/1468-0491.00214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, G. P. (1997) ‘Escaping the joint-decision trap: repetition and sectoral politics in the European Union’, West European Politics 20(2): 22–36. doi: 10.1080/01402389708425189
   Google Scholar
• Pierson, P. (1996) ‘The PATH to European integration: a historical institutionalist analysis’, Comparative Political Studies 29(2): 123–63. doi: 10.1177/0010414096029002001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierson, P. (2000) ‘Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics’, American Political Science Review 94(2): 251–67. doi: 10.2307/2586011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierson, P. (2004) Politics in Time: History, Institutions, Social Analysis, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pollack, M. A. (1994) ‘Creeping competence: the expanding agenda of the European Community’, Journal of Public Policy 14(2): 95–145. doi: 10.1017/S0143814X00007418
   Google Scholar
• Scharpf, F. W. (1988) ‘The joint-decision trap: lessons from German federalism and European integration’, Public Administration 66(3): 239–78. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.1988.tb00694.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharpf, F. W. (2006) ‘The joint-decision trap revisited’, Journal of Common Market Studies 44(4): 845–64. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00665.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharpf, F. W. (2011) ‘The JDT model: context and extensions’, In FalknerG. (Ed.), The EU's Decision Traps. Comparing Policies, (pp. 217–37). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S. K. (2000) ‘Only an agenda setter? The European Commission's power over the Council of Ministers’, European Union Politics 1(1): 37–61. doi: 10.1177/1465116500001001003
   Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. and Santiso, J. (1998) ‘Three temporal dimensions to the consolidation of democracy’, International Political Science Review 19(1): 69–92. doi: 10.1177/019251298019001005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjaerseth, J. B. and Wettestad, J. (2008) EU Emission Trading. Initiation, Decision-Making and Implementation, Aldershot: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Skjaerseth, J. B. and Wettestad, J. (2010) ‘Fixing the EU Emission Trading System? Understanding the post-2012 changes’, Global Environmental Politics 10(4): 101–23. doi: 10.1162/GLEP_a_00033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streeck, W. and Thelen, K. (2005) Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thelen, K. (2000) ‘Timing and temporality in the analysis of institutional evolution and change’, Studies in American Political Development 14(spring):, 101–8. doi: 10.1017/S0898588X00213035
   Google Scholar
• Van Zeben, J. A.W. (2009) ‘The European Emissions Trading Scheme case law’, Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 13(2): 119–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9388.2009.00634.x
   Google Scholar