Is European integration causing Europe to become more nationalist? Evidence from the 2007–9 financial crisis

REFERENCES

• Anderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Breuilly, J. (1985) Nationalism and the State, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, R. (1996) Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, R. (2004) ‘In the name of the nation: reflections on nationalism and patriotism’, Citizenship Studies 8(2): 115–27. doi: 10.1080/1362102042000214705
   Google Scholar
• Calhoun, C. (1993) ‘Nationalism and ethnicity’, Annual Review of Sociology 19: 211–39. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.001235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. and Stanley, J. (1963) Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research, Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
   Google Scholar
• Citrin, J. and Sides, J. (2004) ‘Can there be a Europe without Europeans?’, in R. Herrmann, T. Risse and M. Brewer (eds), Transnational Identities: Becoming European in the EU, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 41–70.
   Google Scholar
• Deflem, M. and Pampel, F. (1996) ‘The myth of post national identity: popular support for European unification’, Social Forces 75(1): 119–43. doi: 10.1093/sf/75.1.119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch, K. (1953) Nationalism and Social Communication, Cambridge, MA: MIT University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eichenberg, R. and Dalton, R. (2003) ‘Theory matters: cumulation on the study of citizen support for European integration’, Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Ertürk, I., Froud, J., Johal, S., Law, J., Leaver, A., Moran, M. and Williams, K. (2012) ‘Deep stall? The eurozone crisis, banking reform, and politics’, Working Paper Series No. 110, Manchester: Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change, University of Manchester.
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer (2005) ‘Eurobarometer 64.2’, available at http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/cf/index_en.cfm (accessed 10 May 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer (2010) ‘Eurobarometer 73.4’, available at http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/cf/index_en.cfm (accessed 10 May 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat (2013) ‘Youth unemployment’, available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/ (accessed 23 June 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Favell, A. (2008) Eurostars and Eurocities: Free Movement and Mobility in an Integrating Europe, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Flesher Fominaya, C. and Cox, L. (2013) Understanding European Movements: New Social Movements, Global Justice Struggles, Anti-Austerity Protest, London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fligstein, N. (2008) Euroclash: The EU, European Identity, and the Future of Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fligstein, N. and Habinek, J. (2014) ‘Sucker punched by the invisible hand: the spread of the worldwide financial crisis’, Socio-Economic Review 12(4): 637–65. doi: 10.1093/ser/mwu004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabel, M.J. (1998) Interests and Integration: Market Liberalization, Public Opinion, and European Union, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Galpin, C. (2012) ‘Unity or disunity? Conceptualizing change in European identity discourses during the eurozone crisis’, Paper presented at the Workshop on European Identity in Times of Crisis: Sociological Perspectives on Identification with Europe in Turbulent Times’, European University Institute, Florence, 11–12 June 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Gellner, E. (1983) Nations and Nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Green, D.M. (2007) The Europeans: Political Identity in an Emerging Polity, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
   Google Scholar
• Haas, E. (2004 [1968]) The Uniting of Europe, Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hix, S. (2008) What's Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix It, Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2008) ‘A postfunctionalist theory of European integration: from permissive consensus to constraining dissensus’, British Journal of Political Science 39(1): 1–23. doi: 10.1017/S0007123408000409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Mondetary Fund (2013) ‘World economic outlook database’, available at https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/index.aspx (accessed 9 March 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Koopmans, R. (2004) ‘Movements and media: selection processes and evolutionary dynamics in the public sphere’, Theory and Society 33(3/4): 367–91. doi: 10.1023/B:RYSO.0000038603.34963.de
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kufer, A. (2009) ‘Images of Europe – the meaning and perception of Europe by citizens of EU member states’, in D. Fuchs, R. Magni-Berton and A. Roger (eds), Euroscepticism: Images of Europe Among Mass Publics and Political Elites, Opladen: Barbara Budrich.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhnhardt, L. (2009) Crises in European Integration, London: Berghahn, pp. 35–53.
   Google Scholar
• Long, S. and Freese, J. (2006) Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata, 2nd ed., College Station, TX: Stata Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mood, C. (2010) ‘Logistic regression: why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it’, European Sociological Review 26(1): 67–82. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcp006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monnet, J. (1978) Memoirs, London: Doubleday.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. (2007) Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center (2013) ‘The new sick man of Europe: the European Union’, Global Attitudes Project, Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Polavieja, J. (2013) ‘Economic crisis, political legitimacy and social cohesion’, in D. Gallie (ed.), Economic Crisis, Quality of Work and Social Integration: The European Experience, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 256–78.
   Google Scholar
• Risse, T. (2010) A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shore, C. (2000) Building Europe: The Cultural Politics of European Integration, London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sigalas, E. (2010) ‘Cross-border mobility and European identity: the effectiveness of intergroup contact during the ERASMUS year abroad’, European Union Politics 11(2): 241–65. doi: 10.1177/1465116510363656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trenz, H. (2004) ‘Media coverage on European governance: exploring the European public sphere in national quality newspapers’, European Journal of Communication 19(3): 291–319. doi: 10.1177/0267323104045257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhofstadt, G. (2006) The United States of Europe, London: The Federal Trust.
   Google Scholar
• Visco, I. (2013) ‘The sovereign debt crisis and the process of European integration’, Speech given at the 32nd Seminar ‘Federalism in Europe and in the World,' Istituto di Studi Federalisti ‘Altiero Spinelli,’ Ventotene, 1 September 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Werts, H., Scheepers, P. and Lubbers, M. (2012) ‘Euro-scepticism and radical right-wing voting in Europe, 2002–2008: social cleavages, socio-political sttitudes and contextual characteristics determining voting for the radical right’, European Union Politics 14(2): 183–205. doi: 10.1177/1465116512469287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank (2013) ‘World development indicators’, available at http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators (accessed 9 March 2013).
   Google Scholar