The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent

References

• Anderson, C.J. (1998) ‘When in doubt use proxies: attitudes to domestic politics and support for the EU’, Comparative Political Studies 31: 569–601. doi: 10.1177/0010414098031005002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azmanova, A. (2011) ‘After the left–right (dis)continuum: globalization and the remaking of Europe’s ideological geography’, International Political Sociology 5(4): 384–407. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-5687.2011.00141.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, A., Converse, P., Miller, W. and Stokes, D.E. (1960) The American Voter, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carey, S. (2002) ‘Undivided loyalties: is national identity an obstacle to European integration?’ European Union Politics 3(4): 387–413. doi: 10.1177/1465116502003004001
   Google Scholar
• Conservative Party Manifesto 2015 (2015) Available at https://www.conservatives.com/yourmanifesto (accessed 23 August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• De Vreese, C.H. and Boomgaarden, H.G. (2005) ‘Projecting EU referendums: fear of immigration and support for European integration’, European Union Politics 6(1): 59–82 doi: 10.1177/1465116505049608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vries, C.E. and Edwards, E. (2009) ‘Taking Europe to its extremes: extremist parties and public Euroskepticism’, Party Politics 15(1): 5–28. doi: 10.1177/1354068808097889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, G. and Mellon, J. (2016) ‘How immigration became a Eurosceptic issue’. LSE Europp blog: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexitvote/2016/01/05/how-immigration-became-a-eurosceptic-issue/
   Google Scholar
• Fieldhouse, E., Green, J., Evans, G., Schmitt, H., van der Eijk, C., Mellon, J. and Prosser, C. (2016) British Election Study Internet Panel Wave 7.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin, M. (2002) ‘Learning from the Danish case: a comment on Palle Svensson’s critique of the Franklin thesis’, European Journal of Political Research 41: 751–7. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.00029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, M., Marsh, M. and McLaren, L. (1994) ‘Uncorking the bottle: popular opposition to European unification in the wake of Maastricht’, Journal of Common Market Studies 32(4): 455–72 doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.1994.tb00509.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, M., Van der Eijk, C. and Marsh, M. (1995) ‘Referendum outcomes and trust in government: public support for Europe in the wake of Maastricht’, West European Politics 18(3): 101–17. doi: 10.1080/01402389508425093
   Google Scholar
• Franks, O. (1964) ‘A New Europe?’ Daedalus 93(1): 67–82.
   Google Scholar
• Gabel, M.J. (1998). Interest and Integration: Market Liberalization, Public Opinion and European Union, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gabel, M.J., and Palmer, H.D. (1995) ‘Understanding variation in public support for European integration’. European Journal of Political Research 27: 3–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1995.tb00627.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garry, J., Marsh, M. and Sinnott, R. (2005) ‘Second order versus issue voting effects in EU referendums: evidence from the Irish Nice Treaty referendums’, European Union Politics 6(2): 201–21. doi: 10.1177/1465116505051983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakhverdian, A., Van Elsas, E., Van Der Brug, W. and Kuhn, T. (2013) ‘Euroscepticism and education: a longitudinal study of 12 EU member states’, European Union Politics 14(4): 522–41. doi: 10.1177/1465116513489779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B. (2007) ‘Taking cues on Europe? Voter competence and party endorsements in referendums on European integration’, European Journal of Political Research 46(2): 151–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00688.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B. (2009) Europe in Question: Referendums on European Integration, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B. and De Vries, C.E. (2015) ‘Issue entrepreneurship and multiparty competition’, Comparative Political Studies 48(9): 1159–85. doi: 10.1177/0010414015575030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B. and De Vries, C.E. (2016a) ‘Public support for European integration’, Annual Review of Political Science 19: 413–32. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-042214-044157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B. and De Vries, C.E. (2016b) ‘Turning against the union? The impact of the crisis on the Eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European Parliament elections’, Electoral Studies. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2016.05.006.
   Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B. and Tilley, J. (2016) ‘Fleeing the centre: the rise of challenger parties in the aftermath of the Euro crisis’, West European Politics 39(5): 971–91. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2016.1181871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B., Van der Brug, W., De Vreese, C.H., Boomgaarden, H.G. and Hinrichsen, M.C. (2011) ‘Religious intolerance and Euroscepticism’, European Union Politics 12(3): 359–79. doi: 10.1177/1465116511404620
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S.B. and Wratil, C. (2016) ‘Which argument will win the referendum – immigration, or the economy?’, LSE EUROPP blog: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2016/06/21/brexit-winning-argument-immigration-or-economy/ (accessed 23 August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Hug, S. (2002) Voices of Europe: Citizens, Referendums and European Integration, Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2005) ‘Calculation, community and cues: public opinion on European integration’, European Union Politics 6(4): 419–43. doi: 10.1177/1465116505057816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2009) ‘Postfunctionalism. A postfunctionalist theory of European integration: from permissive consensus to constraining dissensus’, British Journal of Political Science 39(1): 1–23. doi: 10.1017/S0007123408000409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, M.D. and Snaith, H. (2016) ‘When politics prevails: the political economy of a Brexit’, Journal of European Public Policy, doi:10.1080/13501763.2016.1174531
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Dolezal, M., Helbling, M., Hoglinger, D., Hutter, S. and Wuest, B. (2012) Political Conflict in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Loughborough University (2016) ‘EU referendum 2016. Media analysis from Loughborough University Centre for Research in Communication and Culture’, available at https://blog.lboro.ac.uk/crcc/eu-referendum/uk-news-coverage-2016-eu-referendum-report-5-6-may-22-june-2016/ (accessed 23 August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Lupia, A. (1992) ‘Busy voters, agenda control, and the power of information’, American Political Science Review 86: 390–403. doi: 10.2307/1964228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren, L. (2002) ‘Public support for the European Union: cost/benefit analysis or perceived cultural threat?’, Journal of Politics 64(2): 551–66. doi: 10.1111/1468-2508.00139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren, L. (2006) Identity, Interests and Attitudes to European Integration, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. (2007) Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Prosser, C. (2016) ‘Calling European Union treaty referendums: electoral and institutional politics’, Political Studies 64(1): 182–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif, K. and Schmitt, H. (1980) ‘Nine second-order national elections: a conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results’, European Journal of Political Research 8(1): 3–44. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00737.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siune, K., Svensson, P. and Tonsgaard, O. (1994) ‘The EU: the Danes said “no” in 1992, but “yes” in 1993: how and why?’, Electoral Studies 13(2): 107–16. doi: 10.1016/0261-3794(94)90028-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teney, C., Lacewell, O.P. and De Wilde, P. (2014) ‘Winners and losers of globalization in Europe: attitudes and ideologies’, European Political Science Review 6(4): 575–95. doi: 10.1017/S1755773913000246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treib, O (2014) ‘The voter says no, but nobody listens: causes and consequences of the Eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European elections’, Journal of European Public Policy 21(10): 1541–54 doi: 10.1080/13501763.2014.941534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, J.A., Pacek, A.C., Berinsky, A.J. (2002). ‘Transitional winners and losers: attitudes toward EU membership in post-communist countries’, American Journal of Political Science 46(3): 557–71. doi: 10.2307/3088399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YouGov (2016) ‘Draft EU deal gives boost to Leave campaign’, available at https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/02/04/eu-referendum-leave-leads-nine/
   Google Scholar
• YouGov/Times (2016) Survey. Fieldwork: 20th-22nd June 2016. Available at: https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/atmwrgevvj/TimesResults_160622_EVEOFPOLL.pdf (accessed 23 August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Van Elsas, E., van der Brug, W. and Hakhverdian, A. (2016) ‘United against a common foe? The nature and origins of Euroscepticism among left-wing and right-wing voters’, West European Politics. doi:10.1080/01402382.2016.1175244
   Google Scholar
• Wellings, B. (2012) English Nationalism and Euroscepticism: Losing the Peace. British Identities since 1707, Oxford, Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar