268
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

For want of a champion: why the EU won’t be ready for the next public health crisis

&

References

  • Arras, S., & Braun, C. (2018). Stakeholders wanted! Why and how European Union agencies involve non-state stakeholders. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(9), 1257–1275. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1307438
  • Azzopardi-Muscat, N., Schroder-Bäck, P., & Brand, H. (2017). The European Union joint procurement agreement for cross-border health threats: What is the potential for this new mechanism of health system collaboration? Health Economics, Policy, and Law, 12(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744133116000219
  • Bach, T., DeFrancesco, F., Maggetti, M., & Ruffing, E. (2016). Transnational regulatory networks as means of EU governance: The administrative dimension of multilevel coordination. Public Administration, 94(2), 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12252
  • Baldwin, P. (2005). Contagion and the State in Europe, 1830–1930. Cambridge University Press.
  • Beetsma, R., Burgoon, B., Francesco, N., de Ruijter, A., & Vandenbroucke, F. (2021). Public support for European cooperation in the procurement, stockpiling and distribution of medicines. European Journal of Public Health, 31(2), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa201
  • Béland, D., & Cox, R. (2016). Ideas as coalition magnets: Coalition building, policy entrepreneurs, and power relations. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(3), 428–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2015.1115533
  • Bengtsson, L., & Rhinard, M. (2019). Securitisation across borders: The case of ‘health security’ cooperation in the European Union. West European Politics, 42(2), 346–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1510198
  • Boin, A., Busuioc, M., & Groenleer, M. (2014). Building European Union capacity to manage transboundary crises: Network or lead-agency model? Regulation and Governance, 8(4), 418–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12035
  • Brooks, E., & Geyer, R. (2020). The development of EU health policy and the COVID-19 pandemic: Trends and implications. Journal of European Integration, 42(8), 1057–1076. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1853718
  • Buonanno, L. (2006). The creation of the European food safety authority. In C. K. Ansell, & D. Vogel (Eds.), What’s the Beef?: The Contested Governance of European Food Safety (pp. 259–278). MIT University Press.
  • Carstensen, M. B., & Matthijs, M. (2018). Of paradigms and power: British economic policy making since Thatcher. Governance, 31(3), 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12301
  • Christensen, T., & Laegreid, P. (2006). Agencification and regulatory reform. In T. Christensen, & P. Laegreid (Eds.), Autonomy and Regulation: Coping with Agencies in the Modern State (pp. 8–52). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Christensen, J. G., & Nielsen, V. L. (2010). Administrative capacity, structural choice and the creation of EU agencies. Journal of European Public Policy, 17(2), 176–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903561757
  • Clemens, T., & Brand, H. (2020). Will COVID-19 lead to A major change of the EU public health mandate? A renewed approach to EU’s role is needed. European Journal of Public Health, 30(4), 624–625. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa103
  • Coen, D. (2007). Empirical and theoretical studies in EU lobbying. Journal of European Public Policy, 14(3), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760701243731
  • Commission of the European Community (CEC). (2009). Commission Staff Working Document on Joint Procurement of Vaccine against Influenza A(H1N1). SEC(2009) 1188 final. Brussels, September 15, 2009. https://ec.europa.eu/health/archive/ph_threats/com/influenza/docs/flu_staff5_en.pdf
  • Dąbrowska-Kłosińska, P. (2019). Electronic systems of information exchange as a key tool in EU health crisis and disaster management. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 10(4), 652–676. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2019.69
  • Dehousse, R. (2008). Delegation of powers in the European union: The need for a multi-principals model. West European Politics, 31(4), 789–805. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380801906072
  • Deruelle, T. (2016). Bricolage or entrepreneurship? Lessons from the creation of the European centre for disease prevention and control. European Policy Analysis, 2(1), 43–67. https://doi.org/10.18278/epa.2.2.4
  • Deruelle, T., & Engeli, I. (2021). The COVID-19 crisis and the rise of the European centre for disease prevention and control (ECDC). West European Politics, 44(5-6), 1376–1400. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1930426
  • Dimitrakopoulos, D. G., & Lalis, G. (2021). The EU’s initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Disintegration or ‘failing forward’? Journal of European Public Policy, 29(9), 1395–1413. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1966078
  • ECDC. (2021). Statement of revenue and expenditure of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control for the financial year 2021 – amending budget No 1. Official Journal of the European Union, 6.8.2021, C 999/6- C 999/10. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/annual-budget-2021
  • Elbe, S., Roemer-Mahler, A., & Long, C. (2014). Securing circulation pharmaceutically: Antiviral stockpiling and pandemic preparedness in the European Union. Security Dialogue, 45(5), 440–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010614530072
  • Elliott, H., Jones, D. K., & Greer, S. L. (2012). Mapping communicable disease control in the European union. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 37(6), 935–954. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-1813781
  • Engeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (2017). Researching European Union agencies: What have we learnt (and where do we go from here)? Journal of Common Market Studies, 33(4), 730–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402381003794597
  • European Commission. (2003). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a European Centre [for Disease Prevention and Control] /* COM/2003/0441 fin–l - COD 2003/0174. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52003PC0441
  • European Commission. (2020a). Speech by President von der Leyen at the EU Health Summit (1 December 2020). https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_20_2267
  • European Commission. (2020b). European Health Union: Protecting the health of Europeans and collectively responding to cross-border health crises. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-european-way-life/european-health-union_en
  • European Court of Auditors. (2021).Annual report on EU agencies for the financial year 2020. Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/AGENCIES_2020/AGENCIES_2020_EN.pdf
  • European Ombudsman. (2021). Executive summary of strategic inquiry OI/3/2020/TE into how the ECDC performed during the COVID-19 crisis. https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/report/en/137881
  • European Parliament. (2021). Amending Regulation (EC) No 851/2004 establishing a European Centre for disease prevention and control. (A9-0253/2021 (28.7.2021)). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2021-0253_EN.html
  • European Union. (2004). Regulation (EC) No 851/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 Establishing a European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32004R0851
  • Font, N., & Pérez-Durán, I. (2020). The information phase of accountability: The role of management boards in European Union agencies. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 88(3), 882–898. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320946813
  • Genschel, P., & Jachtenfuchs, M. (2016). More integration, less federation: The European integration of core state powers. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(1), 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2015.1055782
  • Gontariuk, M., Krafft, T., Rehbock, C., Townend, D., Van der Auwermeulen, L., & Pilot, E. (2021). The European Union and public health emergencies: Expert opinions on the management of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and suggestions for future emergencies. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(698995), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.698995
  • Greer, S. L. (2012). The European centre for disease prevention and control: Hub or hollow core? Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 37(6), 1001–1036. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-1813817
  • Greer, S. L., Rozenblum, S., Fahy, N., Brooks, E., Jarman, H., de Ruiter, A., Palm, W., & Wismar, M. (Eds.). (2022). Everything You always wanted to know about European union health policies but were afraid to ask. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Third revised edition. https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/publications/i/everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-european-union-health-policies-but-were-afraid-to-ask-third-revised
  • Greer, S. L., de Ruijter, A., & Brooks, E. (2021). THE COVID-19 pandemic: Falling forward in public health. In M. Riddervold, J. Trondal, & A. Newsome (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises (pp. 747–764). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Greer, S. L., & Jarman, H. (2021). What Is EU public health and Why? Explaining the scope and organisation of public health in the European Union. Journal of Health, Politics, Policy & Law, 46(1), 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8706591
  • Greer, S. L., & Kurzer, P. (2013). European Union Public Health Policy: Regional and Global Trends. Routledge.
  • Greer, S., & Löblová, O. (2017). European integration in the era of permissive dissensus: Neofunctionalism and agenda-setting in European health technology assessment and communicable disease control. Comparative European Politics, 15(4), 394–413. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057cep.2016.6 https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2016.6
  • Greer, S., & Vanhercke, B. (2010). Health care and the EU: The hard politics of soft Law. In R. Baeten, T. Hervey, E. Mossialos, & G. Permanand (Eds.), Health Systems Governance in Europe: The Role of EU Law and Policy (pp. 186–230). Oxford University Press.
  • Jacobson, P. D. (2012). The role of networks in the European union public health experience. Journal of Health, Politics, Policy & Law, 37(6), 1049–1055. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-1813836
  • Järviniemi, J., Scholz, R., & Hoffmeister, K. (2022). From COVID-19 towards a European Health Union: Proposals for Treaty reform on health. https://jef.eu/news/eu-treaty-reform-way-for-a-health-union/
  • Jordana, J., & Triviño-Salazar, J. C. (2020). EU agencies’ involvement in transboundary crisis response: Supporting efforts or leading coordination? Public Administration, 98(2), 515–529. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12652
  • Juncker, J. C. (2014, July 15). A new start for Europe: My agenda for jobs, growth, fairness and democratic change political guidelines for the next European commission opening statement in the European parliament plenary session, Strasbourg.
  • Kopcińska, J. (2021). EP Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 851/2004 establishing a European Centre for disease prevention and control (COM (2020)0726 – C9–0366/2020–2020/0320(COD)). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2021-0253_EN.html#title1
  • Levi-Faur, D. (2012). Regulatory networks and regulatory agencification: Towards a single European regulatory space. In B. Rittberger, & A. Wonka (Eds.), Agency Governance in the EU (pp. 1–20). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203722978
  • Lynch, J. (2020). Regimes of inequality: The political economy of health and wealth. Cambridge University Press.
  • Michaelowa, K., Reinsberg, B., & Schneider, C. J. (2018). The politics of double delegation in the European Union. International Studies Quarterly, 62(4), 821–833. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqy034
  • Migliorati, M. (2020). The post-agencification stage between reforms and crises. A comparative assessment of EU agencies’ budgetary development. Journal of Common Market Studies, 58(6), 1393–1412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13044
  • Naumann, A. (2022). EU response to fighting the coronavirus – coordination, support, action – heeding its citizens’ calls? In M. C. Kettemann, & K. Lachmayer (Eds.), Pandemocracy in Europe: Power, Parliaments and People in Times of COVID-19 (pp. 243–262). Hart Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509946396.ch-012
  • OECD. (2015). Focus on Health Spending. https://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/Focus-Health-Spending-2015.pdf
  • Pavone, T. (2022). The Ghostwriters: Lawyers and the Politics Behind the Judicial Construction of Europe. Cambridge University Press.
  • Popp, D. (2022). European Health Union: deal on stronger crossborder cooperation. European Parliament Press Releases (23-06-2022). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdfs/news/expert/2022/6/press_release/20220620IPR33412/20220620IPR33412_en.pdf
  • PWC. (2019). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Third independent external evaluation of the ECDC in accordance with its Founding Regulation September 2019. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/third-independent-external-evaluation-of-ECDC-report.pdf
  • Rechel, B. (2019). Funding for public health in Europe in decline? Health Policy, 123(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.11.014
  • Reintjes, R. (2008). International and European responses to the threat of communicable diseases. In R. Coker, R. Atun, & M. McKee (Eds.), Health Systems and the Challenge of Communicable Diseases: Experiences from Europe and Latin America (pp. 141–153). Open University Press.
  • Renda, A., & Castro, R. (2020). Towards stronger EU governance of health threats after the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 11(2), 273–282. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.34
  • Rhodes. (2021). Failing forward’: A critique in light of COVID-19,’. Journal of European Public Policy, 28(10), 1537–1554. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1954067
  • Rosenkötter, N., Clemens, T., Sørensen, K., Brand, H. (2013). Twentieth anniversary of the European Union health mandate: Taking stock of perceived achievements, failures and missed opportunities – a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 13(1074), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1074
  • Schimmelfennig, F. (2018). Liberal intergovernmentalism and the crises of the European union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(7), 1578–1594. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12789
  • Seabrooke, L., & Tsingou, E. (2019). Europe’s fast-and slow-burning crises. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(3), 468–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2018.1446456
  • Steffen, M. (2012). The Europeanisation of public health: How does it work? The seminal role of the AIDS case. Journal of Health, Politics, Policy & Law, 37(6), 1057–1089. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-1813845
  • Taylor, L. (2011, February 1). EU slammed over “disproportionate” swine flu response. Pharma Times. http://www.pharmatimes.com/news/eu_slammed_over_disproportionate_swine_flu_response_979681Lynn
  • TFEU. (2008). Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Uni–n - PART THREE: UNION POLICIES AND INTERNAL ACTIO–S - TITLE XIV: PUBLIC HEAL–H - Article 168 (ex Article 152 TEC) Official Journal 115, 09/05/2008 P. 0122–0124 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12008E168
  • Thatcher, M. (2011). The creation of European regulatory agencies and its limits: A comparative analysis of European delegation. Journal of European Public Policy, 18(6), 790–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.593308
  • Trein, P. (2018). Healthy or sick?: Coevolution of health care and public health in a comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tselengidis, A., & Östergren, P. O. (2019). Lobbying against sugar taxation in the European Union: analysing the lobbying arguments and tactics of stakeholders in the food and drink industries. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(5), 565–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818787102
  • Wonka, A., & Rittberger, B. (2010). Credibility, complexity and uncertainty: Explaining the institutional independence of 29 EU agencies. West European Politics, 33(4), 730–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402381003794597
  • Wood, M. (2018). Mapping EU agencies as political entrepreneurs. European Journal of Political Research, 57(2), 404–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12232

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.