Barriers to sustainability in mature-age adult learners: working toward identity change

References

• Ajzen, I. 1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50: 179–211.10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkaher, I., and T. Tal. 2011. “Environmental Projects of Jewish and Arab Youth in Israel: The Adult Leaders’ Views.” Environmental Education Research 17: 235–259.10.1080/13504622.2010.532862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuthnott, K. D. 2009. “Education for Sustainable Development beyond Attitude Change.” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 10: 152–163.10.1108/14676370910945954
   Google Scholar
• Aron, A., E. N. Aron, and D. Smollan. 1992. “Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the Structure of Interpersonal Closeness.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63: 596–612.10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axsen, J., J. T. Hageman, and A. Lentz. 2012. “Lifestyle Practices and Pro-environmental Technology.” Ecological Economics 82: 64–74.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamberg, S., and G. Möser. 2007. “Twenty Years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-analysis of Psycho-social Determinants of Pro-environmental Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 27: 14–25.10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. 1998. “The Self.” In Handbook of Social Psychology, edited by D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, and G. Lindzey. 4th ed., 2 vols., 680–740. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Belanger, P. 2003. “Learning Environments and Environmental Education.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2003: 79–88.10.1002/(ISSN)1536-0717
   Google Scholar
• Blake, J. 1999. “Overcoming the ‘value-Action Gap’ in Environmental Policy: Tensions between National Policy and Local Experience.” Local Environment 4: 257–278.10.1080/13549839908725599
   Google Scholar
• Blasinsky, M., H. H. Goldman, and J. Unützer. 2006. “Project IMPACT: A Report on Barriers and Facilitators to Sustainability.” Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 33: 718–729.10.1007/s10488-006-0086-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt, E. 2013. “Exploring Environmental Identity and Behavioral Change in an Environmental Science Course.” Cultural Studies of Science Education 8: 467–488.10.1007/s11422-012-9459-2
   Google Scholar
• Brookfield, S. D. 2003. “A Critical Theory Perspective on Accelerated Learning.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2003: 73–82.10.1002/(ISSN)1536-0717
   Google Scholar
• Bush-Gibson, B., and S. R. Rinfret. 2010. “Environmental Adult Learning and Transformation in Formal and Nonformal Settings.” Journal of Adult Education 8: 71–88.
   Google Scholar
• Callero, P. L. 1985. “Role-identity Salience.” Social Psychology Quarterly 48: 203–215.10.2307/3033681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla, L. 1998. “Significant Life Experiences Revisited: A Review of Research on Sources of Environmental Sensitivity.” Environmental Education Research 4: 369–382.10.1080/1350462980040402
   Google Scholar
• Clark, M. C., and M. Rossiter. 2008. “Narrative Learning in Adulthood.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2008: 61–70.10.1002/ace.v2008:119
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, S. 2003. “Environmental Identity: A Conceptual and an Operational Definition.” In Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature, edited by S. Clayton and S. Opotow, 45–66. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, S. 2012. “Environment and Identity.” In The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology, edited by S. Clayton, 164–180. New York: Oxford.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733026.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, S., and S. Opotow. 2003. Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clover, D. 1995. “Theoretical Foundations and Practice of Critical Environmental Adult Education in Canada.” Convergence 28: 44–54.
   Google Scholar
• Clover, D. 2003. “Environmental Adult Education: Critique and Creativity in a Globalizing World.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2003: 5–15.10.1002/(ISSN)1536-0717
   Google Scholar
• Clover, D., and R. Hill. 2013. “Adult Learning, Education, and the Environment.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2013: 49–59.10.1002/ace.v2013.138
   Google Scholar
• Davies, S., J. Edmister, K. Sullivan, and C. West. 2003. “Educating Sustainable Societies for the Twenty-first Century.” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 12: 254–264.
   Google Scholar
• Digby, C. 2013. “The Influences of Sociodemographic Factors, Nonformal and Informal Learning Participation on Adult Environmental Behaviors.” International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 3: 37–55.
   Google Scholar
• Dirkx, J. M., J. Mezirow, and P. Cranton. 2006. “Musings and Reflections on the Meaning, Context, and Process of Transformative Learning: A Dialogue between John M. Dirkx and Jack Mezirow.” Journal of Transformative Education 4: 123–139.10.1177/1541344606287503
   Google Scholar
• Esa, N. 2010. “Environmental Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Student Teachers.” International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 19: 139–150.
   Google Scholar
• Fazio, X., and D. D. Karrow. 2013. “Negotiating the Constraints of Schools: Environmental Education Practices within a School District.” Environmental Education Research 19: 639–655.10.1080/13504622.2012.729812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding, K., R. McDonald, and W. Louis. 2008. “Theory of Planned Behaviour, Identity and Intentions to Engage in Environmental Activism.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 28: 318–326.10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finger, M. 1989. “Environmental Adult Education from the Perspective of the Adult Learner.” Convergence 22: 25–32.
   Google Scholar
• Fortner, R. W., J. Lee, J. R. Corney, S. Romanello, J. Bonnell, B. Luthy, N. Ntsiko, and C. Figuerido. 2000. “Public Understanding of Climate Change: Certainty and Willingness to Act.” Environmental Education Research 6: 127–141.10.1080/713664673
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. 1970. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Gatersleben, B. C. M., N. Murtagh, and W. Abrahamse. 2012. “Values, Identity and Pro-environmental Behavior.” Contemporary Social Science: Journal of the Academy of Social Sciences 1–19. doi:10.1080/21582041.2012.682086.
   Google Scholar
• Gerakis, A. 1998. “Evaluating Adult Groundwater Education.” The Journal of Environmental Education 30: 20–24.10.1080/00958969809601859
   Google Scholar
• Gifford, R. 2011. “The Dragons of Inaction: Psychological Barriers That Limit Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation.” American Psychologist 66: 290–302.10.1037/a0023566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. 1981. The Theory of Communicative Action. Boston, MA: Beacon.
   Google Scholar
• Haugen, C. S. 2010. “Adult Learners and the Environment in the Last Century: An Historical Analysis of Environmental Adult Education Literature.” Electronic Green Journal 1 (29): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E., S. Knox, B. J. Thompson, E. N. Williams, and S. A. Hess. 2005. “Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 52: 196–205.10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, C. E., B. J. Thompson, and E. N. Williams. 1997. “A Guide to Conducting Consensual Qualitative Research.” The Counseling Psychologist 25: 517–572.10.1177/0011000097254001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2014. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part a: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by C. B. Field, V. R. Barros, D. J. Dokken, K. J. Mach, M. D. Mastrandrea, T. E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K. L. Ebi, Y. O. Estrada, R. C. Genova, B. Girma, E. S. Kissel, A. N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P. R. Mastrandrea, and L. L. White, 1-32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Kollmuss, A., and J. Agyeman. 2002. “Mind the Gap: Why Do People Act Environmentally and What Are the Barriers to Pro-environmental Behavior?” Environmental Education Research 8: 239–260.10.1080/13504620220145401
   Google Scholar
• Kovan, J., and J. Dirkx. 2003. “‘Being Called Awake’: the Role of Transformative Learning in the Lives of Environmental Activists.” Adult Education Quarterly 53: 99–118.10.1177/0741713602238906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroeber, A. L., and C. Kluckhohn. 1952. Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum.
   Google Scholar
• Lange, E. A. 2010. “Environmental Adult Education: A Many-voiced Landscape.” In Handbook of Adult and Continuing Education, edited by C. Kasworm, A. Rose, and J. Ross-Gordon, 305–315. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Maiteny, P. T. 2002. “Mind in the Gap: Summary of Research Exploring ‘Inner’ Influences on Pro-sustainability Learning and Behaviour.” Environmental Education Research 8: 299–306.10.1080/13504620220145447
   Google Scholar
• Markus, H. 1977. “Self-schemata and Processing Information about the Self.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35: 63–78.10.1037/0022-3514.35.2.63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. 1985. Power, Intimacy, and the Life Story. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mezirow, J. 1991. Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Mezirow, J. 1997. “Transformative Learning: Theory to Practice.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 74: 5–12.10.1002/(ISSN)1536-0717
   Google Scholar
• Monroe, M. C. 2007. “A Priority for ESD Research: Influencing Adult Citizens.” Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 1: 107–113.10.1177/097340820700100118
   Google Scholar
• Monroe, M. C., S. Agrawal, P. J. Lakes, L. E. Kruger, K. C. Nelson, and V. Sturtevant. 2013. “Identifying Indicators of Behavior Change: Insights from Wildfire Education Programs.” The Journal of Environmental Education 44: 180–194.10.1080/00958964.2012.746277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J. 2005. “Barriers and Pathways to Creating Sustainability Education Programs: Policy, Rhetoric and Reality.” Environmental Education Research 11: 537–555.10.1080/13504620500169692
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. 2009. Projections of Educational Statistics to 2018 (Table 11. Actual and Middle Alternative Projected Numbers for Total Enrollment in all Degree-granting Postsecondary Institutions, by Sex, Age, and Attendance Status: Fall 1993 through fall 2018). http://nces.ed.gov/programs/projections/projections2018/tables/table_11.asp?referrer=list.
   Google Scholar
• Nelken, M. L. 2009. “Negotiating Classroom Process: Lessons from Adult Learning.” Negotiation Journal 25: 181–194.10.1111/nejo.2009.25.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigbur, D., E. Lyons, and D. Uzzell. 2010. “Attitudes, Norms, Identity and Environmental Behaviour: Using an Expanded Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict Participation in a Kerbside Recycling Programme.” British Journal of Social Psychology 49: 259–284.10.1348/014466609X449395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, J. A., J. Suggate, B. Bajd, P. Hart, R. P. Ho, J. W. Ofwono-Orecho, M. Peries, I. Robottom, E. Tsaliki, and C. Van Staden. 1998. “An Overview of Significant Influences and Formative Experiences on the Development of Adults’ Environmental Awareness in Nine Countries.” Environmental Education Research 4: 445–464.10.1080/1350462980040408
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, J. A., J. Suggate, B. Bajd, and E. Tsaliki. 1998. “Significant Influences on the Development of Adults’ Environmental Awareness in the UK, Slovenia and Greece.” Environmental Education Research 4: 429–444.10.1080/1350462980040407
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, J. A., J. Suggate, I. Robottom, and P. Hart. 1999. “Significant Life Experiences and Formative Influences on the Development of Adults’ Environmental Awareness in the UK, Australia and Canada.” Environmental Education Research 5: 181–200.10.1080/1350462990050205
   Google Scholar
• Parker, D., A. S. R. Manstead, and S. G. Stradling. 1995. “Extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour: The Role of Personal Norm.” British Journal of Social Psychology 34: 127–138.10.1111/bjso.1995.34.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruneau, D., A. Doyon, J. Langis, L. Vasseur, E. Ouellet, E. McLaughlin, G. Boudreau, and G. Martin. 2006. “When Teachers Adopt Environmental Behaviors in the Aim of Protecting the Climate.” The Journal of Environmental Education 37: 3–12.10.3200/JOEE.37.3.3-12
   Google Scholar
• Räthzel, N., and D. Uzzell. 2009. “Transformative Environmental Education: A Collective Rehearsal for Reality.” Environmental Education Research 15: 263–277.10.1080/13504620802567015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robelia, B., and T. Murphy. 2012. “What Do People Know about Key Environmental Issues? A Review of Environmental Knowledge Surveys.” Environmental Education Research 18: 299–321.10.1080/13504622.2011.618288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenwald, G. C., and R. L. Ochberg. 1992. Storied Lives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, P. W. 2001. “The Structure of Environmental Concern: Concern for Self, Other People, and the Biosphere.” Journal of Social Issues 56: 391–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz, P. W., and J. Tabanico. 2007. “Self, Identity, and the Natural Environment: Exploring Implicit Connections with Nature.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 37: 1219–1247.10.1111/jasp.2007.37.issue-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibbel, A. 2009. “Pathways towards Sustainability through Higher Education.” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 10: 68–82.10.1108/14676370910925262
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A. 1996. “Beyond the Divide between Cognition and Discourse: Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in Health Psychology.” Psychology and Health 11: 261–271.10.1080/08870449608400256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staats, H., P. Harland, and H. A. M. Wilke. 2004. “Effecting Durable Change: A Team Approach to Improve Environmental Behavior in the Household.” Environment and Behavior 36: 341–367.10.1177/0013916503260163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker, S. 1980. Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version. Palo Alto, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, J. 2003. “Environmental Adult Education and Community Sustainability.” New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2003: 39–45.10.1002/(ISSN)1536-0717
   Google Scholar
• Tal, T. 2005. “Implementing Multiple Assessment Modes in an Interdisciplinary Environmental Education Course.” Environmental Education Research 11 (5): 575–601.10.1080/13504620500169767
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, I. 2009. “Critical Thinking, Transformative Learning, Sustainable Education, and Problem-based Learning in Universities.” Journal of Transformative Education 7: 245–264.10.1177/1541344610385753
   Google Scholar
• Tisdell, E. J. 2012. “Themes and Variations of Transformational Learning: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Forms That Transform.” In The Handbook of Transformative Learning: Theory, Research and Practice, edited by E. W. Taylor, P. Cranton, and Associates, 21–36. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 1999. “Adult environmental education: Awareness and environmental action.” In Series of Booklets Documenting Workshops at the UNESCO Fifth International Conference on Adult Education. Hamburg, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. EPA’s Report on the Environment: Highlights of National Trends (EPA-260-R-08-002). Washington, DC: National Center for Environmental Assessment. http://www.epa.gov/roe/docs/roe_final/EPAROE_FINAL_2008.PDF.
   Google Scholar
• Uzzell, D., and N. Räthzel. 2009. “Transforming Environmental Psychology.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 29: 340–350.10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter, P. 2009. “Philosophies of Adult Environmental Education.” Education and Educational Research 60: 3–25.
   Google Scholar
• van der Werff, E., L. Steg, and K. Keizer. 2013. “The Value of Environmental Self-identity: The Relationship between Biospheric Values, Environmental Self-identity and Environmental Preferences, Intentions and Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 34: 55–63.10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmarsh, L., and S. O’Neill. 2010. “Green Identity, Green Living? The Role of Pro-environmental Self-identity in Determining Consistency across Diverse Pro-environmental Behaviours.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 30: 305–314.10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, T. S. A. 2002. “Definitions and Frameworks for Environmental Sustainability in Higher Education.” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 3: 203–220.10.1108/14676370210434679
   Google Scholar
• Zint, M. T., P. F. Dowd, and B. A. Covitt. 2011. “Enhancing Environmental Educators’ Evaluation Competencies: Insights from an Examination of the Effectiveness of the My Environmental Education Evaluation Resource Assistant (MEERA) Website.” Environmental Education Research 17: 471–497.10.1080/13504622.2011.565117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar