1,971
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Development and validation of the environmental literacy instrument for adolescents

ORCID Icon, , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 193-210 | Received 04 Aug 2017, Accepted 05 Jun 2018, Published online: 19 Jun 2018

References

  • Baker, F. B. 2004. Item Response Theory: Parameter Estimation Techniques. Edited by Frank B. Baker and S.-H. Kim. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker,.
  • Bamberg, S., and G. Möser. 2007. “Twenty Years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-Analysis of Psycho-Social Determinants of pro-Environmental Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 27: 14–25. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002.
  • Bandura, A. 1977. Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
  • Bluhm, W. J., H. R. Hungerford, W. C. McBeth, and T. L. Volk. 1995. “A Final Report on Development and Pilot-Testing of the ‘Middle School Environmental Literacy Instrument’.” In Environmental Literacy/Needs Assessment Project: Final Report, edited by R.  Wilke, 8–29. Stevens Point, WI: University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point.
  • Blumstein, D. T., and C. Saylan. 2007. “The Failure of Environmental Education (and How We Can Fix It).” PLoS Biology 5 (5): e120. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050120.
  • Bourke, N. F. 2011. Residential Environmental Education Program Evaluation Practices and Needs, 1–188. The University of Alabama.
  • Bradley, J., T. Waliczek, and J. Zajicek. 1999. “Relationship between Environmental Knowledge and Environmental Attitude of High School Students.” The Journal of Environmental Education 30 (3): 17–21. doi:10.1080/00958969909601873.
  • Bratt, C., Stern, P. C., Matthies, E., & Nenseth, V. 2014. “Home, Car Use, and Vacation: The Structure of Environmentally Significant Individual Behavior.” Environment and Behavior 27: 1–38. doi:10.1177/0013916514525038
  • Brown, T. A. 2006. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Bruni, C. M., P. L. Winter, P. W. Schultz, A. M. Omoto, and J. J. Tabanico. 2017. “Getting to Know Nature: Evaluating the Effects of the Get to Know Program on Children’s Connectedness with Nature.” Environmental Education Research 23 (1): 43–62. doi:10.1080/13504622.2015.1074659.
  • Carleton-Hug, A., and J. W. Hug. 2010. “Challenges and Opportunities for Evaluating Environmental Education Programs.” Evaluation and Program Planning 33: 159–164. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.07.005.
  • Carmi, N., S. Arnon, and N. Orion. 2015. “Transforming Environmental Knowledge into Behavior: The Mediating Role of Environmental Emotions.” The Journal of Environmental Education 46 (3): 183–201. doi:10.1080/00958964.2015.1028517.
  • Chawla, L., and D. F. Cushing. 2007. “Education for Strategic Environmental Behavior.” Environmental Education Research 13 (4): 437–452. doi:10.1080/13504620701581539.
  • Chen, X., J. De La Rosa, M. N. Peterson, Y. Zhong, and C. Lu. 2016. “Sympathy for the Environment Predicts Green Consumerism but Not More Important Environmental Behaviours Related to Domestic Energy Use.” Environmental Conservation 43 (02): 140–147. doi:10.1017/S0376892915000351.
  • Collado, S., and J. A. Corraliza. 2015. “Children’s Restorative Experiences and Self-Reported Environmental Behaviors.” Environment and Behavior 47 (1): 38–56. doi:10.1177/0013916513492417.
  • Collado, S., H. Staats, and J. A. Corraliza. 2013. “Experiencing Nature in Children’s Summer Camps: Affective, Cognitive and Behavioural Consequences.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 33: 37–44. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.08.002.
  • Crohn, K., and M. Birnbaum. 2010. “Environmental Education Evaluation: Time to Reflect, Time for Change.” Evaluation and Program Planning 33: 155–158. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.07.004.
  • Dijkstra, E. M., and M. J. Goedhart. 2012. “Development and Validation of the ACSI: Measuring Students’ Science Attitudes, pro-Environmental Behaviour, Climate Change Attitudes and Knowledge.” Environmental Education Research 18 (6): 733–749. doi:10.1080/13504622.2012.662213.
  • Dillman, D. A., J. D. Smyth, and L. M. Christian. 2014. Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John WIley & Sons.
  • Duerden, M. D., and P. A. Witt. 2010. “The Impact of Direct and Indirect Experiences on the Development of Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 30: 379–392. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.03.007.
  • Embretson, S. E., and S. P. Reise. 2000. Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • EPA. 2018. “What is Environmental Education?” Accessed April 20, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/education/what-environmental-education
  • Erdogan, M. 2015. “The Effect of Summer Environmental Education Program (SEEP) on Elementary School Students’ Environmental Literacy.” International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 10 (2): 165–181. doi:10.12973/ijese.2015.238a
  • Erdogan, M., and T. Marcinkowski. 2015. “Development and Validation of Children’s Environmental Affect (Attitude, Sensitivity and Willingness to Take Action) Scale.” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 11 (3): 577–588. doi:10.12973/eurasia.2015.1347a
  • Erdogan, M., A. Ok, and T. J. Marcinkowski. 2012. “Development and Validation of Children’s Responsible Environmental Behavior Scale.” Environmental Education Research 18 (4): 507–540. doi:10.1080/13504622.2011.627421.
  • Finn, A. S., M. A. Kraft, M. R. West, J. A. Leonard, C. E. Bish, R. E. Martin, M. A. Sheridan, C. F. Gabrieli, and J. D. Gabrieli. 2014. “Cognitive Skills, Student Achievement Tests, and Schools.” Psychological Science 25 (3): 736–744. doi:10.1177/0956797613516008.
  • Fleeson, W. 2004. “Moving Personality beyond the Person-situation Debate: The Challenge and the Opportunity of within-person Variability.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 13 (2): 83–87.10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00280.x
  • Gliem, J. A., and R. R. Gliem. 2003. “Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-type Scales.” In Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 82–88. Columbus, OH.
  • Goldman, D., O. B. Z. Assaraf, and D. Shaharabani. 2013. “Influence of a Non-formal Environmental Education Programme on Junior High-school Students’ Environmental Literacy.” International Journal of Science Education 35 (3): 515–545. doi:10.1080/09500693.2012.749545.
  • Goldman, D., S. Pe’er, and B. Yavetz. 2017. “Environmental Literacy of Youth Movement Members – Is Environmentalism a Component of Their Social Activism?” Environmental Education Research 23 (4): 486–514. doi:10.1080/13504622.2015.1108390.
  • Heimlich, J. E. 2010. “Environmental Education Evaluation: Reinterpreting Education as a Strategy for Meeting Mission.” Evaluation and Program Planning 33: 180–185. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.07.009.
  • Heimlich, J. E., and N. M. Ardoin. 2008. “Understanding Behaviour to Understand Behaviour Change: A Literature Review.” Environmental Education Research 14 (3): 215–237. doi:10.1080/13504620802148881.
  • Hines, J. M., H. R. Hungerford, and A. N. Tomera. 1987. “Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavor: A Meta-Analysis.” The Journal of Environmental Education 18 (2): 1–8.10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482
  • Hollweg, K. S., J. Taylor, R. W.  Bybee, T. J. Marcinkowski, W. C.  McBeth, and P.  Zoido. 2011. Developing a Framework for Assessing Environmental Literacy: Executive Summary. Environmental Education. Washington, DC: NAAEE.
  • Hsu, S.-J. 2004. “The Effects of an Environmental Education Program on Responsible Environmental Behavior and Associated Environmental Literacy Variables in Taiwanese College Students.” The Journal of Environmental Education 35 (2): 37–48. doi:10.3200/JOEE.35.2.37-48.
  • Hu, L., and P. Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6 (1): 1–55.10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Hungerford, H. R., and T. Volk. 1990. “Changing Learner Behavior through Environmental Education.” The Journal of Environmental Education 21 (3): 8–21.10.1080/00958964.1990.10753743
  • IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edited by Core Writing Team, R. K. Pachauri, and L. A. Meyer. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kaiser, F. G., and U. Fuhrer. 2003. “Ecological Behavior’s Dependency on Different Forms of Knowledge.” Applied Psychology 52 (4): 598–613.10.1111/apps.2003.52.issue-4
  • Kerret, D., H. Orkibi, and T. Ronen. 2014. “Green Perspective for a Hopeful Future: Explaining Green Schools’ Contribution to Environmental Subjective Well-Being.” Review of General Psychology 18 (2): 82–88. doi:10.1037/gpr0000006.
  • Kerret, D., H. Orkibi, and T. Ronen. 2016. “Testing a Model Linking Environmental Hope and Self-Control with Students’ Positive Emotions and Environmental Behavior.” The Journal of Environmental Education 8964 (June): 1–11. doi:10.1080/00958964.2016.1182886.
  • Kollmuss, A., and J. Agyeman. 2002. “Mind the Gap: Why Do People Act Environmentally and What Are the Barriers to pro-Environmental Behaviour.” Environmental Education Research 8 (3): 239–260. doi:10.1080/1350462022014540.
  • Leeming, F. C., W. O. Dwyer, and B. A. Bracken. 1995. “Children's Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale: Construction and Validation.” The Journal of Environmental Education 26 (3): 22–31.10.1080/00958964.1995.9941442
  • de Leeuw, A., P. Valois, I. Ajzen, and P. Schmidt. 2015. “Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Identify Key Beliefs Underlying pro-Environmental Behavior in High-School Students: Implications for Educational Interventions.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 42: 128–138. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.03.005.
  • Li, C., and M. C. Monroe. 2017. “Development and Validation of the Climate Change Hope Scale for High School Students.” Environment and Behavior 50: 454–479. doi:10.1177/0013916517708325.
  • Larson, L. R., C. B. Cooper, and M. E. Hauber. 2015. “Emotions as Drivers of Wildlife Stewardship Behavior: Examining Citizen Science Nest Monitors’ Responses to Invasive House Sparrows.” Human Dimensions of Wildlife 21 (1): 18–33. doi:10.1080/10871209.2015.1086933.
  • Liu, S.-Y., S.-C. Yeh, S.-W. Liang, W.-T. Fang, and H.-M. Tsai. 2015. “A National Investigation of Teachers’ Environmental Literacy as a Reference for Promoting Environmental Education in Taiwan.” The Journal of Environmental Education 46 (2): 114–132. doi:10.1080/00958964.2014.999742.
  • MacCallum, R. C., M. W. Browne, and H. M. Sugawara. 1996. “Power Analysis and Determination of Sample Size for Covariance Structure Modeling.” Psychological Methods 1 (2): 130–149. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130.
  • Marcinkowski, T., D. Shin, K.-I. Noh, M. Negev, G. Sagy, Y. Garb, W. McBeth, et al. 2014. “National Assessments of Environmental Literacy: : A Review, Comparison, and Analysis. .” In International Handbook of Research on Environmental Education, edited by R. B. Stevenson, M. Brody, J. Dillon, and A. E. J. Wals, 310–330. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • McBeth, W., and T. L. Volk. 2010. “The National Environmental Literacy Project: A Baseline Study of Middle Grade Students in the United States.” The Journal of Environmental Education 41 (1): 55–67. doi:10.1080/00958960903210031.
  • McBeth, W., H. R. Hungerford, T. Marcinkowski, T. L. Volk, and R. Meyers. 2008. National Environmental Literacy Assessment Project: Year 1, National Baseline Study of Middle Grades Students Final Research Report.
  • McBeth, W., H. Hungerford, T. Marcinkowski, T. Volk, and K. Cifranick. 2011. National Environmental Literacy Assessment, Phase Two: Measuring the Effectiveness of North American Environmental Education Programs with Respect to the Parameters of Environmental Literacy. Final Report.
  • McLeod, L. J., D. W. Hine, P. M. Please, and A. B. Driver. 2015. “Applying Behavioral Theories to Invasive Animal Management: Towards an Integrated Framework.” Journal of Environmental Management 161: 63–71.
  • Meinhold, J. L., and A. J. Malkus. 2005. “Adolescent Environmental Behaviors: Can Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy Make a Difference ?” Environment and Behavior 37 (4): 511–532. doi:10.1177/0013916504269665.
  • Meuth, A. M. 2010. Environmental Literacy of Hispanic, Urban, Middle School Students in Houston. Houston, TX: University of Houston.
  • Moè, A., F. Pazzaglia, and L. Ronconi. 2010. “When Being Able is Not Enough. the Combined Value of Positive Affect and Self-Efficacy for Job Satisfaction in Teaching.” Teaching and Teacher Education 26: 1145–1153. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.02.010.
  • Monroe, M. C. 2003. “Two Avenues for Encouraging Conservation Behaviors.” Human Ecology Review 10 (2): 113–125.
  • Monroe, M. C. 2010. “Challenges for Environmental Education Evaluation.” Evaluation and Program Planning 33: 194–196. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.07.012.
  • Morgan, M., and K. Chompreeda. 2015. “The Relative Effect of Message-based Appeals to Promote Water Conservation at a Tourist Resort in the Gulf of Thailand.” Environmental Communication 9 (1): 20–36. doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.917689.
  • Morren, M., and A. Grinstein. 2016. “Explaining Environmental Behavior across Borders: A Meta-analysis.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 47: 91–106. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.05.003.
  • Morrison, S., and K. Free. 2001. “Writing Multiple-choice Test Items that Promote and Measure Critical Thinking.” Journal of Nursing Education 40: 17–24.
  • Musser, L. M., and K. E. Diamond. 1994. “The Children’s Attitudes toward the Environment Scale.” The Journal of Environmental Education 25 (3): 22–26. doi:10.1080/00958964.1994.9941954.
  • Nagelkerke, N. J. D. 1991. “A Note on a General Definition of the Coefficient of Determination.” Biometrika 78 (3): 691–692. doi:10.1093/biomet/78.3.691.
  • National Council for Agricultural Education. 2009. National AFNR Content Standards. Alexandria, VA: National Council for Agricultural Education.
  • NC Department of Public Instruction. 2013. Career and Technical Education Course Blueprint.
  • Negev, M., G. Sagy, Y. Garb, A. Salzberg, and A. Tal. 2008. “Evaluating the Environmental Literacy of Israeli Elementary and High School Students.” The Journal of Environmental Education 39 (2): 3–20. doi:10.3200/JOEE.39.2.3-20.
  • Norgaard, K. M. 2011. Living in Denial: Climate Change, Emotions, and Everyday Life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/9780262015448.001.0001
  • Norris, K. S., and S. K. Jacobson. 1998. “Content Analysis of Tropical Conservation Education Programs: Elements of Success.” The Journal of Environmental Education 30 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1080/00958969809601862.
  • North American Association for Environmental Education. 2010. Guidelines for Excellence: K-12 Learning. L. Mann. 4th ed. Washington, DC: NAAEE.
  • North American Association for Environmental Education. 2017. Guidelines for Excellence: Professional Development of Environmental Educators. L. Mann. 4th ed. Washington, DC: NAAEE.
  • Nowak, P., R. Wilke, T. Marcinkowski, H. R. Hungerford, and R. Mckeowan-Ice. 1995. The Secondary School Environmental Literacy Instrument.
  • O’Neil, E. 2007. “Conservation Audits: Auditing the Conservation Process – Lessons Learned, 2003–2007.” In Conservation Measures Partnership, Bethesda, USA.
  • Ojala, M. 2015. “Hope in the Face of Climate Change: Associations with Environmental Engagement and Student Perceptions of Teachers’ Emotion Communication Style and Future Orientation.” The Journal of Environmental Education 46 (3): 133–148. doi:10.1080/00958964.2015.1021662.
  • Ormrod, J. E. 2016a. “Metacognition, Self-regulated Learning, and Study Strategies.” In Human Learning. 7th ed. 346–382. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • Ormrod, J. E. 2016b. “Motivation and Affect.” In Human Learning. 7th ed. 423–459. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • Ormrod, J. E. 2016c. “Sociocultural Theory and Other Contextual Perspectives.” In Human Learning. 7th ed. 302–345. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • Paul, R. 1995. “Critical Thinking: How to Prepare Students for a Rapidly Changing World.” In Foundation for Critical Thinking, edited by J. Willsen and A. J. A. Binker, 521–552. Santa Rosa, CA: Foundation for Critical Thinking.
  • Pe’er, S., D. Goldman, and B. Yavetz. 2007. “Environmental Literacy in Teacher Training: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Environmental Behavior of Beginning Students.” The Journal of Environmental Education 39 (1): 45–59. doi:10.3200/JOEE.39.1.45-59.
  • Peterson, M. N., T. R. Peterson, and J. Liu. 2013. The Housing Bomb: Why Our Addiction to Houses is Destroying the Environment and Threatening Our Society. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Powell, R. B., M. J. Stern, B. D. Krohn, and N. M. Ardoin. 2011. “Development and Validation of Scales to Measure Environmental Responsibility, Character Development, and Attitudes toward School.” Environmental Education Research 17 (1): 91–111.10.1080/13504621003692891
  • Randler, C., A. Ilg, and J. Kern. 2005. “Cognitive and Emotional Evaluation of an Amphibian Conservation Program for Elementary School Students.” The Journal of Environmental Education 37 (1): 43–52. doi:10.3200/JOEE.37.1.43-52.
  • Rest, J. R. 1979. Development in Judging Moral Issues. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Roczen, N., F. G. Kaiser, F. X. Bogner, and M. Wilson. 2014. “A Competence Model for Environmental Education.” Environment and Behavior 46 (8): 972–992. doi:10.1177/0013916513492416.
  • Satorra, A., and P. Bentler. 1994. “Corrections to Test Statistics and Standard Errors in Covariance Structure Analysis.” In Latent Variables Analysis: Applications for Developmental Research, edited by A. von Eye and C. C. Clogg, 399–419. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Sattler, S., and F. X. Bogner. 2017. “Short- and Long-Term Outreach at the Zoo: Cognitive Learning about Marine Ecological and Conservational Issues.” Environmental Education Research 23 (2): 252–268. doi:10.1080/13504622.2016.1144173.
  • Schlaefli, A., J. R. Rest, and S. J. Thoma. 1985. “Does Moral Education Improve Moral Judgment? A Meta-analysis of Intervention Studies Using the Defining Issues Test.” Review of Educational Research 55 (3): 319–352. doi:10.3102/00346543055003319.
  • van Schuur, W. H. 2003. “Mokken Scale Analysis: Between the Guttman Scale and Parametric Item Response Theory.” Political Analysis  11 (02): 139–163. doi:10.1093/pan/mpg002.
  • Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2014. Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
  • Shephard, K., J. Harraway, B. Lovelock, S. Skeaff, L. Slooten, M. Strack, M. Furnari, and T. Jowett. 2014. “Is the Environmental Literacy of University Students Measurable?” Environmental Education Research 20 (4): 476–495. doi:10.1080/13504622.2013.816268.
  • Snyder, C. R. 1995. “Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Nuturing Hope.” Journal of Counseling & Development 73 (January–February): 355–360.10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01764.x
  • Snyder, C. R., C. Harris, J. R. Anderson, S. A. Holleran, L. M. Irving, S. X. T. Sigmon, L. Yoshinobu, J. Gibb, C. Langelle, and P. Harney. 1991. “The Will and the Ways: Development and Validation of an Individual-Differences Measure of Hope.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (4): 570–585. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570.
  • Snyder, C. R., K. L. Rand, and D. R. Sigmon. 2005. “Hope Theory: A Member of the Positive Psychology Family.” In Handbook of Positive Psychology, edited by C. R.  Snyder and S. J. Lopez,  257–276. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press.
  • Stern, M. J., R. B. Powell, and N. M. Ardoin. 2010. “Evaluating a Constructivist and Culturally Responsive Approach to Environmental Education for Diverse Audiences.” The Journal of Environmental Education 42 (2): 109–122.10.1080/00958961003796849
  • Stern, M. J., R. B. Powell, and D. Hill. 2014. “Environmental Education Program Evaluation in the New Millennium: What Do We Measure and What Have We Learned?” Environmental Education Research 20 (5): 581–611. doi:10.1080/13504622.2013.838749.
  • Stevenson, K. T., and M. N. Peterson. 2015. “Motivating Action through Fostering Climate Change Hope and Concern and Avoiding Despair among Adolescents.” Sustainability 8 (6): 6. doi:10.3390/su8010006.
  • Stevenson, K. T., M. N. Peterson, H. D. Bondell, A. G. Mertig, and S. E. Moore. 2013. “Environmental, Institutional, and Demographic Predictors of Environmental Literacy among Middle School Children.” PLoS ONE 8 (3): e59519. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059519.
  • Stevenson, K. T., S. J. Carrier, and M. N. Peterson. 2014. “Evaluating Strategies for Inclusion of Environmental Literacy in the Elementary School Classroom.” Electronic Journal of Science Education 18 (8): 1–17.
  • Suhr, D. 2005. “Principal Component Analysis Vs. Exploratory Factor Analysis.” In SUGI 30 Proceedings, 203–230. doi: 10.1177/096228029200100105
  • Taatgen, N. A. 2013. “The Nature and Transfer of Cognitive Skills.” Psychological Review 120 (3): 439–471. doi:10.1037/a0033138.
  • Tanner, C. 1999. “Constraints on Environmental Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 19: 145–157. doi:10.1006/jevp.1999.0121.
  • Teksoz, G., E. Sahin, and C. Tekkaya-Oztekin. 2012. “Modeling Environmental Literacy of University Students.” Journal of Science Education and Technology 21 (1): 157–166. doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9294-3.
  • The National Environmental Education Advisory Council. 2005. Setting the Standard, Measuring Results, Celebrating Successes: A Report to Congress on the Status of Environmental Education in the United States. Washington DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.
  • Tobler, C., V. H. M. Visschers, and M. Siegrist. 2012. “Consumers’ Knowledge about Climate Change.” Climatic Change 114: 189–209. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0393-1.
  • UNESCO-UNEP. 1977. “The Tbilisi Declaration.” Connect: UNESCO-UNEP Environmental Education Newsletter 3 (1): 1–8.
  • Walker, C. O., T. D. Winn, B. N. Adams, M. R. Shepard, C. D. Huddleston, and K. L. Godwin. 2010. “Hope and Acheivement Goals as Predictors of Student Behavior and Achievement in a Rural Middle School.” In Research Supporting Middle Grades Practice, edited by D. L. Hough, 173–187. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
  • West, S. E. 2015. “Evaluation, or Just Data Collection? An Exploration of the Evaluation Practice of Selected UK Environmental Educators.” The Journal of Environmental Education 46 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1080/00958964.2014.973351.
  • Wilke. 1990. “Research in EE: Research and Evaluation Needs and Priorities.” The [NAAEE] Communicator, March/April 6.
  • Youssef, C. M., and F. Luthans. 2007. “Positive Organizational Behavior in the Workplace.” Journal of Management 33 (5): 774–800. doi:10.1177/0149206307305562.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. 2000. “Self-Efficacy: An Essential Motive to Learn.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 25: 82–91. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1016.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.