References
- Alp, E., H. Ertepinar, C. Tekkaya, and A. Yilmaz. 2008. “A Survey on Turkish Elementary School Students’ Environmental Friendly Behaviours and Associated Variables.” Environmental Education Research 14 (2): 129–143. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620802051747.
- Ardoin, N., J. Heimlich, J. Braus, and C. Merrick. 2013. Influencing Conservation Action: What Research Says about Environmental Literacy. Behavior, and Conservation Results. New York: National Audubon Society.
- Bamberg, S., and G. Möser. 2007. “Twenty Years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-Analysis of Psycho-Social Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 27 (1): 14–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002.
- Bandura, A. 1997. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.
- Bradley, G. L., and B. A. Sparks. 2002. “Service Locus of Control: Its Conceptualization and Measurement.” Journal of Service Research 4 (4): 312–324. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670502004004008.
- Braverman, M. T. 2013. “Negotiating Measurement: Methodological and Interpersonal Considerations in the Choice and Interpretation of Instruments.” American Journal of Evaluation 34 (1): 99–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214012460565.
- Breiting, S. 2008. “Mental Ownership and Participation for Innovation in Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development.” In Participation and Learning: Perspectives on Education and the Environment, Health and Sustainability, edited by A. Reid, B. B. Jensen, J. Nikel, and V. Simovska, 159–180. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
- Brewer, M. B., and W. D. Crano. 2000. “Research Design and Issues of Validity.” In Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, edited by C. M. Judd and H. T. Reis, 3–16. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Brown, R. 1983. “Locus of Control and Sex Role Orientation of Women Graduate Students.” College Student Journal 17 (1): 10–12.
- Brown, R. 1990. “The Construct and Concurrent Validity of the Social Dimension of the Brown Locus of Control Scale.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 50 (2): 377–382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164490502016.
- Champeau, R. J. 1982. “Development of a Perceived Environmental Control Measure.” Doctoral diss., Proquest Dissertations and Thesis (UMI 8303761).
- Chao, Y.-L. 2012. “Predicting People’s Environmental Behaviour: Theory of Planned Behaviour and Model of Responsible Environmental Behaviour.” Environmental Education Research 18 (4): 437–461. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.634970.
- Chawla, L., and D. F. Cushing. 2007. “Education for Strategic Environmental Behavior.” Environmental Education Research 13 (4): 437–452. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701581539.
- Cheng, C., S. F. Cheung, J. H. Chio, and M. P. Chan. 2013. “Cultural Meaning of Perceived Control: A Meta-Analysis of Locus of Control and Psychological Symptoms across 18 Cultural Regions.” Psychological Bulletin 139 (1): 152–188. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028596.
- Christensen, R., and G. Knezek. 2015. “The Climate Change Attitude Survey: Measuring Middle School Student Beliefs and Intentions to Enact Positive Environmental Change.” International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 10 (5): 773–788.
- Cincera, J., and P. Simonova. 2017. “I Am Not a Big Man”: Evaluation of the Issue Investigation Program.” Applied Environmental Education & Communication 16 (2): 84–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1533015X.2017.1304297.
- Clark, C. R., J. E. Heimlich, N. M. Ardoin, and J. Braus. 2020. “Using a Delphi Study to Clarify the Landscape and Core Outcomes in Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 26 (3): 381–399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2020.1727859.
- Cleveland, M., M. Kalamas, and M. Laroche. 2012. “It’s Not Easy Being Green”: Exploring Green Creeds, Green Deeds, and Internal Environmental Locus of Control.” Psychology & Marketing 29 (5): 293–305. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20522.
- Cohen, A., E. Vigoda, and A. Samorly. 2001. “Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Personal-Psychological Variables on the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Political Participation: A Structural Equations Framework.” Political Psychology 22 (4): 727–757. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00260.
- Cohen, R. J., and M. E. Swerdlik. 2017. Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction to Tests and Measurement. 9th ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Education.
- Colebrook-Claude, C. 2019. “Development and Validation of the Adolescent Internal Environmental Locus of Control Scale (AINELOC).” Doctoral diss., Proquest Dissertations and Theses (10974518).
- Connell, S., J. Fien, J. Lee, H. Sykes, and D. Yencken. 1999. “If It Doesn’t Directly Affect You, You Don’t Think about It’: A Qualitative Study of Young People’s Environmental Attitudes in Two Australian Cities.” Environmental Education Research 5 (1): 95–113. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462990050106.
- Cooke, A. N., K. S. Fielding, and W. R. Louis. 2016. “Environmentally Active People: The Role of Autonomy, Relatedness, Competence and Self-Determined Motivation.” Environmental Education Research 22 (5): 631–657. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1054262.
- Crocker, L. M., and J. Algina. 1986. Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
- Cronbach, L. J., and P. E. Meehl. 1955. “Construct Validity in Psychological Tests.” Psychological Bulletin 52 (4): 281–302.
- Darner, R. 2009. “Self-Determination Theory as a Guide to Fostering Environmental Motivation.” The Journal of Environmental Education 40 (2): 39–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.40.2.39-49.
- Darner, R. 2012. “An Empirical Test of Self-Determination Theory as a Guide to Fostering Environmental Motivation.” Environmental Education Research 18 (4): 463–472. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.638739.
- Deci, E. L., and R. M. Ryan. 2002. “Overview of Self-Determination Theory: An Organismic Dialectical Perspective.” In Handbook of Self-Determination Research, edited by E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, 3–33. Rochester, NY: The University of Rochester Press.
- DeVellis, R. F. 2006. “Classical Test Theory.” Medical Care 44 (11 Suppl 3): S50–S59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000245426.10853.30.
- Drost, E. A. 2011. “Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research.” Education Research and Perspectives 38 (1): 105–123.
- Duttweiler, P. C. 1984. “The Internal Control Index: A Newly Developed Measure of Locus of Control.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 44 (2): 209–221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164484442004.
- Embretson, S. E. 2010. Measuring Psychological Constructs: Advances in Model-Based Approaches. 1st ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Erguven, M. 2013. “Two Approaches to Psychometric Process: Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory.” Journal of Education 2 (2): 23–30.
- Ernst, J., N. Blood, and T. Beery. 2017. “Environmental Action and Student Environmental Leaders: Exploring the Influence of Environmental Attitudes, Locus of Control, and Sense of Personal Responsibility.” Environmental Education Research 23 (2): 149–175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1068278.
- Ewert, A., and G. Galloway. 2009. “Socially Desirable Responding in an Environmental Context: Development of a Domain Specific Scale.” Environmental Education Research 15 (1): 55–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620802613504.
- Fielding, K. S., and B. W. Head. 2012. “Determinants of Young Australians’ Environmental Actions: The Role of Responsibility Attributions, Locus of Control, Knowledge and Attitudes.” Environmental Education Research 18 (2): 171–186. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.592936.
- Guest, G., K. MacQueen, and E. Namey. 2012. Applied Thematic Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
- Hamamura, T., S. J. Heine, and D. L. Paulhus. 2008. “Cultural Differences in Response Styles: The Role of Dialectical Thinking.” Personality and Individual Differences 44 (4): 932–942. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.034.
- Hambleton, R. K., and R. W. Jones. 2005. “An NCME Instructional Module on Comparison of Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory and Thier Applications to Test Development.” Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 12 (3): 38–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.1993.tb00543.x.
- Hamilton, J. P. 1983. “Some Relationships among Knowledge, Locus of Control, Perceived Importance, and Perceived Personal Responsibility regarding Environmental Problems.” Doctoral diss., Proquest Dissertations and Theses (UMI 303172629).
- Jensen, B. B., and K. Schnack. 1997. “The Action Competence Approach in Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 3 (2): 163–178. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462970030205.
- Johnson, R. E., C. C. Rosen, C.-H. Chang, and S.-H. Lin. 2015. “Getting to the Core of Locus of Control: Is It an Evaluation of the Self or the Environment?” The Journal of Applied Psychology 100 (5): 1568–1578. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000011.
- Kalamas, M., M. Cleveland, and M. Laroche. 2014. “Pro-Environmental Behaviors for Thee but Not for Me: Green Giants, Green Gods, and External Environmental Locus of Control.” Journal of Business Research 67 (2): 12–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.007.
- Kollmuss, A., and J. Agyeman. 2002. “Mind the Gap: Why Do People Act Environmentally and What Are the Barriers to Pro-Environmental Behavior?” Environmental Education Research 8 (3): 239–260. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401.
- Korfiatis, K., and S. Petrou. 2021. “Participation and Why It Matters: Children’s Perspectives and Expressions of Ownership, Motivation, Collective Efficacy and Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control.” Environmental Education Research 27 (12): 1700–1722. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.1959900.
- Korteland, C. 1990. “The Need for Control: Instrument Development and Construct Validity.” Doctoral diss., Proquest Dissertations and Theses (UMI 8920269).
- Larson, L. R., R. C. Stedman, C. B. Cooper, and D. J. Decker. 2015. “Understanding the Multi-Dimensional Structure of Pro-Environmental Behavior.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 43: 112–124. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.004.
- Levenson, H. 1974. “Activism and Powerful Others: Distinctions within the Concept of Internal-External Control.” Journal of Personality Assessment 38 (4): 377–383. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1974.10119988.
- London, J., K. D. Matthews, and V. Grover. 2017. August). “On Meaning and Measurement: A Review of Content Validity in IS.” Paper Presented at the the 23rd Americas Conference on Information Systems, Boston, MA.
- Maartensson, H., and N. M. Loi. 2022. “Exploring the Relationships between Risk Perception, Behavioural Willingness, and Constructive Hope in Pro-Environmental Behaviour.” Environmental Education Research: 1–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.2015295.
- Maleksaeidi, H., E. Karami, and G. H. Zamani. 2015. “Farm Households’ Resilience Scale under Water Scarcity.” Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 20 (8): 1305–1318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9546-7.
- Marcinkowski, T., and A. Reid. 2019. “Reviews of Research on the Attitude–Behavior Relationship and Their Implications for Future Environmental Education Research.” Environmental Education Research 25 (4): 459–471. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2019.1634237.
- Messick, S. 1998. “Consequences of Test Interpretation and Use: The Fusion of Validity and Values in Psychological Assessment.” ETS Research Report Series 1998 (2): i–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1998.tb01797.x.
- Messick, S. 2005. “Standards of Validity and the Validity of Standards in Performance Assessment.” Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 14 (4): 5–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.1995.tb00881.x.
- Olsson, D.. 2022. “Empowering Political Engagement with Unsustainable Actions: The Possibilities and Limitations of Teaching Guides for Climate Change Education.” Environmental Education Research: 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.2007221.
- Olsson, D., N. Gericke, W. Sass, and J. Boeve-de Pauw. 2020. “Self-Perceived Action Competence for Sustainability: The Theoretical Grounding and Empirical Validation of a Novel Research Instrument.” Environmental Education Research 26 (5): 742–760. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2020.1736991.
- Raykov, T. and G. A. Marchoulides. 2010. Introduction to Psychometric Theory. 1st ed. New York: Routledge.
- Raykov, T., and G. A. Marcoulides. 2016. “On the Relationship between Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory: From One to the Other and Back.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 76 (2): 325–338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415576958.
- Reid, A., and J. Nikel. 2008. “Differentiating and Evaluating Conceptions and Examples of Participation in Environment-Related Learning.” In Participation and Learning: Perspectives on Education and the Environment, Health and Sustainability, edited by A. Reid, B. B. Jensen, J. Nikel, and V. Simovska, 32–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
- Reid, D. W., and E. E. Ware. 1974. “Multidimensionality of Internal versus External Control: Addition of a Third Dimension and Non-Distinction of Self versus Others.” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences du Comportement 6 (2): 131–142. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/h0081862.
- Riechard, D. E., and S. J. Peterson. 1998. “Perception of Environmental Risk Related to Gender, Community Socioeconomic Setting, Age, and Locus of Control.” The Journal of Environmental Education 30 (1): 11–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00958969809601858.
- Rieckmann, M. 2017. Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives. Paris, France: UNESCO Publishing.
- Rotter, J. B. 1966. “Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement.” Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 80 (1): 1–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976.
- Rotter, J. B. 1990. “Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement: A Case History of a Variable.” American Psychologist 45 (4): 489–493. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.489.
- Sanford, C. M. 1985. “Revision of the Perceived Environmental Control Measure.” Unpublished Master’s thesis., University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI.
- Schnack, K. 2003. “Action Competence as an Educational Ideal.” In The Internationalization of Curriculum Studies, edited by D. Trueit, W. E. Doll, H. Wang, and W. F. Pinar, 271–291. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
- Smith, G. T. 2005. “On Construct Validity: Issues of Method and Measurement.” Psychological Assessment 17 (4): 396–408. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.4.396.
- Smith-Sebasto, N. J. 1992a. “Design, Development, and Validation of an Instrument to Assess the Relationship between Locus-of-Control of Reinforcement and Environmentally Responsible Behavior in University Undergraduate Students.” Doctoral diss., Proquest Dissertations and Theses (UMI 9227381).
- Smith-Sebasto, N. J. 1992b. “The Revised Perceived Environmental Control Measure: A Review and Analysis.” The Journal of Environmental Education 23 (2): 24–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1992.9942793.
- Smith-Sebasto, N. J., and A. D’Costa. 1995. “Designing a Likert-Type Scale to Predict Environmentally Responsible Behavior in Undergraduate Students: A Multistep Process.” The Journal of Environmental Education 27 (1): 14–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1995.9941967.
- Smith-Sebasto, N. J., and R. W. Fortner. 1994. “The Environmental Action Internal Control Index.” The Journal of Environmental Education 25 (4): 23–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1994.9941961.
- Stern, P. C. 2000. “New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior.” Journal of Social Issues 56 (3): 407–424. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
- Tani, S. 2017. “Reflected Places of Childhood: Applying the Ideas of Humanistic and Cultural Geographies to Environmental Education Research.” Environmental Education Research 23 (10): 1501–1509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1269875.
- Torbjörnsson, T., and C. Lundholm. 2019. “Potential Conflicts between Ownership Rights and Environmental Protection: Swedish Undergraduate Students’ Views.” Environmental Education Research 25 (12): 1790–1803. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2019.1677860.
- Tran, T. 2011. “Development of a Novel Measure of Surgical Recovery Using Rasch Analysis. Master’s Thesis. Proquest Dissertations and Theses (UMI MR75015).
- Trott, C. D. 2022. “Climate Change Education for Transformation: Exploring the Affective and Attitudinal Dimensions of Children’s Learning and Action.” Environmental Education Research: 1–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/135046222007223.
- Turnipseed, D. L. 2014. “Context-Specific Locus of Control Scales: Poor Psychometrics and Cluttered Theory?” Comprehensive Psychology 3 (1): 14. doi:https://doi.org/10.2466/09.03.CP.3.14.
- Usher, E. L., and F. Pajares. 2008. “Sources of Self-Efficacy in School: Critical Review of the Literature and Future Directions.” Review of Educational Research 78 (4): 751–796. doi:https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308321456.
- van der Linden, S. 2015. “The Social-Psychological Determinants of Climate Change Risk Perceptions: Towards a Comprehensive Model.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 41: 112–124. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.012.
- Wallston, K. A., B. S. Wallston, and R. DeVellis. 1978. “Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales.” Health Education Monographs 6 (2): 160–170.
- Weitzman, B. C., and D. Silver. 2013. “Good Evaluation Measures: More than Their Psychometric Properties.” American Journal of Evaluation 34 (1): 115–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214012461628.
- Westen, D., and R. Rosenthal. 2005. “Improving Construct Validity: Cronbach, Meehl, and Neurath’s Ship.” Psychological Assessment 17 (4): 409–412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.4.409.
- Yang, J. C., Y. L. Lin, and Y.-C. Liu. 2017. “Effects of Locus of Control on Behavioral Intention and Learning Performance of Energy Knowledge in Game-Based Learning.” Environmental Education Research 23 (6): 886–899. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1214865.