1,075
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

From concern to behavior: barriers and enablers of adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior in a school context

ORCID Icon
Pages 677-699 | Received 15 Dec 2020, Accepted 08 Feb 2023, Published online: 20 Feb 2023

References

  • Ajzen, I. 1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process 50: 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
  • Amemiya, K., and D. Macer. 1999. “Environmental Education and Environmental Behaviour in Japanese Students.” Eurobios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 9: 109–115.
  • Andrews, S., L. Stocker, and W. Oechel. 2018. “Underwater Photo-Elicitation: A New Experiential Marine Education Technique.” Australian Journal of Environmental Education 34 (1): 33–60. doi:10.1017/aee.2018.17.
  • Arnett, J. J. 2006. Emerging Adulthood: Understanding the New Way of Coming of Age.
  • Arrivillaga, Marcela, Michael Ross, Bernardo Useche, Andrew Springer, and Diego Correa. 2011. “Applying an Expanded Social Determinant Approach to the Concept of Adherence to Treatment: The Case of Colombian Women Living with HIV/AIDS.” Women’s Health Issues : official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health 21 (2): 177–183. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2010.09.003.
  • Bamberg, S. 2003. “How Does Environmental Concern Influence Specific Environmentally Related Behaviors? A New Answer to an Old Question.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 23: 21–32. doi:10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00078-6.
  • Bamberg, S., and G. Möser. 2007. “Twenty Years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-Analysis of Psycho-Social Determinants of Pro-Environmental Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 27 (1): 14–25. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002.
  • Batra, S. 2013. “The Psychosocial Development of Children: Implications for Education and Society—Erik Erikson in Context.” Contemporary Education Dialogue 10 (2): 249–278. doi:10.1177/0973184913485014.
  • Birdsall, S. 2010. “Empowering Students to Act: Learning about, through and from the Nature of Action.” Australian Journal of Environmental Education 26: 65–84. doi:10.1017/S0814062600000835.
  • Blake, J. 1999. “Overcoming the ‘Value-Action Gap’ in Environmental Policy: tensions between National Policy and Local Experience.” Local Environment 4 (3): 257–278. doi:10.1080/13549839908725599.
  • Blatt, E. N. 2013. “Exploring Environmental Identity and Behavioral Change in an Environmental Science Course.” Cultural Studies of Science Education 8 (2): 467–488. doi:10.1007/s11422-012-9459-2.
  • Borowy, I. 2017. “Sustainable Development and the United Nations.” In Routledge Handbook of the History of Sustainability, edited by J. L. Caradonna, 151–163. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Breunig, M., J. Murtell, C. Russell, and R. Howard. 2013. “The Impact of Integrated Environmental Studies Programs: are Students Motivated to Act Pro Environmentally?” Environmental Education Research 20 (3): 372–386. doi:10.1080/13504622.2013.807326.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. 1979. The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Ceaser, D. 2012. “Our School at Blair Grocery: A Case Study in Promoting Environmental Action through Critical Environmental Education.” The Journal of Environmental Education 43 (4): 209–226. doi:10.1080/00958964.2011.637094.
  • Chapman, D., and K. Sharma. 2001. “Environmental Attitudes and Behavior of Primary and Secondary Students in Asian Cities: An Overview Strategy for Implementing an Eco-Schools Programme.” The Environmentalist 21: 265–272.
  • Chawla, L., and D. F. Cushing. 2007. “Education for Strategic Environmental Behavior.” Environmental Education Research 13 (4): 437–452. doi:10.1080/13504620701581539.
  • Clayton, S., and G. Myers. 2015. Conservation Psychology: Understanding and Promoting Human Care for Nature. Newark: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Collado, S., H. Staats, and P. Sancho. 2019. “Normative Influences on Adolescents’ Self-Reported Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Role of Parents and Friends.” Environment and Behavior 51 (3): 288–314. doi:10.1177/0013916517744591.
  • Cook, D. A., and A. R. Artino. Jr, 2016. “Motivation to Learn: An Overview of Contemporary Theories.” Medical Education 50 (10): 997–1014. doi:10.1111/medu.13074.
  • Cook, T. D., Cooper, H., Cordray, D. S Hartmann, H., Hedges, L. V., & Light, R. J. (Eds.) 1992. Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Coyle, K. 2005. Environmental Literacy in America: What Ten Years of NEETF/Roper Research and Related Studies Say about Environmental Literacy in the US. Washington, DC: National Environmental Education & Training Foundation.
  • Cutter-Mackenzie, A., and R. Smith. 2003. “Ecological Literacy: The ‘Missing Paradigm’ in Environmental Education (Part One).” Environmental Education Research 9 (4): 497–524. doi:10.1080/1350462032000126131.
  • Darnton, A. 2008. Reference Report: An Overview of Behaviour Change Models and Their Uses, Centre for Sustainable Development. University of Westminster.
  • Davies, P. 2000. “The Relevance of Systematic Reviews to Educational Policy and Practice.” Oxford Review of Education 26 (3–4): 365–378. doi:10.1080/713688543.
  • de Vreede, C., A. Warner, and R. Pitter. 2014. “Facilitating Youth to Take Sustainability Actions: To Potential of Peer Education.” The Journal of Environmental Education 45 (1): 37–56. doi:10.1080/00958964.2013.805710.
  • DeVries, R. 2000. “Vygotsky, Piaget, and Education: A Reciprocal Assimilation of Theories and Educational Practices.” New Ideas in Psychology 18 (2–3): 187–213. doi:10.1016/S0732-118X(00)00008-8.
  • Dillon, J. 2003. “On Learners and Learning in Environmental Education: Missing Theories, Ignored Communities.” Environmental Education Research 9 (2): 215–226. doi:10.1080/13504620303480.
  • Dimick, A. S. 2012. “Student Empowerment in an Environmental Science Classroom: Toward a Framework for Social Justice Science Education.” Science Education 96 (6): 990–1012. doi:10.1002/sce.21035.
  • Dornhoff, M., J.-N. Sothmann, F. Fiebelkorn, and S. Menzel. 2019. “Nature Relatedness and Environmental Concern of Young People in Ecuador and Germany.” Frontiers in Psychology 10: 453. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00453.
  • Duarte, R., J.-J. Escario, and M.-V. Sanagustín. 2017. “The Influence of the Family, the School, and the Group on the Environmental Attitudes of European Students.” Environmental Education Research 23 (1): 23–42. doi:10.1080/13504622.2015.1074660.
  • Dunlap, R. E., K. D. Van Liere, A. G. Mertig, and R. E. Jones. 2000. “Measuring Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm: A Revised NEP Scale.” Journal of Social Issues 56 (3): 425–442. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00176.
  • Eilam, E., and T. Trop. 2012. “Environmental Attitudes and Environmental Behavior – Which is the Horse and Which is the Cart?” Sustainability 4: 2210–2246. doi:10.3390/su4092210.
  • Elliot, R., and L. Timulak. 2005. “Descriptive and Interpretive Approaches to Qualitative Research.” In A Handbook of Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology, edited by J. Miles & P. Gilbert, 147–159, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Emmons, K. M. 1997. “Perspectives on Environmental Actions: Reflections and Revision through Practical Experience.” The Journal of Environmental Education 29 (1): 34–44. doi:10.1080/00958969709599105.
  • Erikson, E. H. 1993. Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.
  • Evans, G., G. Brauchle, A. Haq, R. Stecker, K. Wong, and E. Shapiro. 2007. “Young Childrens’ Environmental Attitudes and Behavior.” Environment & Behavior 39 (5): 635–659. doi:10.1177/0013916506294252.
  • Finnish National Board of Education. 2016. National Core Curriculum for General Upper Secondary Schools 2015. Helsinki: Next Print Oy.
  • Fishbein, M., and I. Ajzen. 2010. Predicting and Changing Behavior the Reasoned Action Approach. New york: Psychology Press.
  • Franzen, A. 2003. “Environmental Attitudes in International Comparison: An Analysis of the ISSP Surveys 1993 and 2000.” Social Science Quarterly 83: 297–308. doi:10.1111/1540-6237.8402005.
  • Franzen, A., and R. Meyer. 2010. “Environmental Attitudes in Cross-National Perspective: A Multilevel Analysis of the ISSP 1993 and 2000.” European Sociological Review 26 (2): 2019–2234. doi:10.1093/esr/jcp018.
  • Gardner, G. T., and P. C. Stern. 2002. Environmental Problems and Human Behavior (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing.
  • Gifford, R. 2011. “The Dragons of Inaction: psychological Barriers That Limit Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation.” The American Psychologist 66 (4): 290–302. doi:10.1037/a0023566.
  • Gifford, R., and A. Nilsson. 2014. “Personal and Social Factors That Influence Pro‐Environmental Concern and Behaviour: A Review.” International Journal of Psychology: Journal International de Psychologie 49 (3): 141–157. doi:10.1002/ijop.12034.
  • Gifford, R., and R. Sussman. 2012. Environmental attitudes.
  • Gkargkavouzi, A., G. Halkos, and S. Matsori. 2019. “A Multi-Dimensional Measure of Environmental Behavior: Exploring the Predictive Power of Connectedness to Nature, Ecological Worldview and Environmental Concern.” Social Indicators Research 143: 859–879. doi:10.1007/s11205-018-1999-8.
  • Good, J. 2007. “Shop ‘Til We Drop? Television, Materialism and Attitudes about the Natural Environment.” Mass Communication & Society 10 (3): 365–383. doi:10.1080/15205430701407165.
  • Gutierrez-Bucheli, L., A. Reid, and G. Kidman. 2022. “Scoping Reviews: Their Development and Application in Environmental and Sustainable Education Research.” Environmental Education Research 28 (5): 645–673. doi:10.1080/13504622.2022.2047896.
  • Haller, M., and M. Hadler. 2008. “Dispositions to Act in Favor of the Environment: Fatalism and Readiness to Make Sacrifices in a Cross-National Perspective.” Sociological Forum 23 (2): 281–311. doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.00059.x.
  • Harness, H., and H. Drossman. 2011. “The Environmental Education Trough Filmmaking Project.” Environmental Education Research 17 (6): 829–849. doi:10.1080/13504622.2011.618626.
  • Hashimoto-Martell, E. A., K. L. McNeill, and E. M. Hoffman. 2012. “Connecting Urban Youth with Their Environment: The Impact of an Urban Ecology Course on Student Content Knowledge, Environmental Attitudes and Responsible Behaviors.” Research in Science Education 42 (1): 1007–1026. doi:10.1007/s11165-011-9233-6.
  • Heimlich, J. E., and N. M. Ardoin. 2008. “Understanding Behavior to Understand Behavior Change: A Literature Review.” Environmental Education Research 14 (3): 215–237. doi:10.1080/13504620802148881.
  • Hill, D., A. J. Figueredo, and W. J. Jacobs. 2013. “Contextual Influences on Sustainable Behaviour.” In Psychological Approaches to Sustainability: Current Trends in Theory, Research and Applications, edited by V. Corral-Verdugo, M. Frías-Armenta & C. H. G. Cadena, 269–293, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Hines, J. M., H. R. Hungerford, and A. N. Tomera. 1987. “Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Meta-Analysis.” The Journal of Environmental Education 18 (2): 1–8. doi:10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482.
  • Holbert, L. R., N. Kwak, and D. V. Shah. 2003. “Environmental Concern, Patterns of Television Viewing, and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Integrating Models of Media Consumption and Effects.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 47 (2): 177–196. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4702_2.
  • Huang, H. 2016. “Media Use, Environmental Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, and Pro Environmental Behavior.” Journal of Business Research 69: 2206–2212. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.031.
  • Hungerford, H. R., and T. L. Volk. 1990. “Changing Learner Behavior through Environmental Education.” Journal of Environmental Education 21 (3): 8–21. doi:10.1080/00958964.1990.10753743.
  • IPCC 2022. Climate Change 2022 Mitigation of Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg3/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf.
  • Jackson, T. 2005. Motivating Sustainable Consumption: A Review of Evidence on Consumer Behaviour and Behavioural Change: A Report to the Sustainable Development Research Network. Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey.
  • Kollmuss, A., and J. Agyeman. 2002. “Mind the Gap. Why Do People Act Environmentally and What Are the Barriers to Pro-Environmental Behaviour?” Environmental Education Research 8 (3): 239–260. doi:10.1080/13504620220145401.
  • Kumler, L. M. 2010. “Students of Action? A Comparative Investigation of Secondary Science and Social Studies Students’ Action Repertoires in a Land Use Context.” The Journal of Environmental Education 42 (1): 14–29. doi:10.1080/00958960903479829.
  • Kuthe, A., L. Keller, A. Körfgen, H. Stötter, A. Oberrauch, and K.-M. Höferl. 2019. “How Many Young Generations Are There? – A Typology of Teenagers’ Climate Change Awareness in Germany and Austria.” The Journal of Environmental Education 50 (3): 172–182. doi:10.1080/00958964.2019.1598927.
  • Larson, L. R., S. B. Castelberry, and G. T. Green. 2010. “Effects of an Environmental Education Program on the Environmental Orientations of Children from Different Gender, Age, and Ethnic Groups.” Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 28 (3): 95–113.
  • Lee, E. B. 2008. “Environmental Attitudes and Information Sources among African American College Students.” The Journal of Environmental Education 40 (1): 29–42. doi:10.3200/JOEE.40.1.29-42.
  • Lent, R. W., S. D. Brown, and G. Hackett. 2000. “Contextual Supports and Barriers to Career Choice: A Social Cognitive Analysis.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 47 (1): 36. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.36.
  • Levy, A., N. Orion, and Y. Leshem. 2018. “Variables That Influence the Environmental Behavior of Adults.” Environmental Education Research 24 (399): 307–325. doi:10.1080/13504622.2016.1271865.
  • Marcinkowski, T. 2003. Commentary on Rickinson’s’ Learners and Learning in Environmental Education: A critical review of the evidence’(EER 7 (3)).
  • Marcinkowski, T., and A. Reid. 2019. “Reviews of Research on the Attitude–Behavior Relationship and Their Implications for Future Environmental Education Research.” Environmental Education Research 25 (4): 459–471. doi:10.1080/13504622.2019.1634237.
  • Margetts, E. A., and Y. Kashima. 2017. “Spillover between Pro-Environmental Behaviours: The Role of Resources and Perceived Similarity.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 49: 30–42. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.07.005.
  • Marquart-Pyatt, S. T. 2012. “Contextual Influences on Environmental Concerns Cross Nationally: A Multilevel Investigation.” Social Science Research 41 (5): 1085–1099. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.04.003.
  • Mckenzie-Mohr, D. 2000. “Promoting Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community Based Social Marketing.” Journal of Social Issues 56 (3): 543–554. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00183.
  • McNeill, K., and M. H. Vaughn. 2012. “Urban High School Students’ Critical Science Agency: Conceptual Understanding and Environmental Actions around Climate Change.” Research in Science Education 42: 373–399. doi:10.1007/s11165-010-9202-5.
  • Meeusen, C. 2014. “The Intergenerational Transmission of Environmental Concern: The Influence of Parents and Communication Patterns within the Family.” The Journal of Environmental Education 45 (2): 77–90. doi:10.1080/00958964.2013.846290.
  • Mifsud, M. 2012. “A Meta-Analysis of Global Youth Environmental Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Studies.” US-China Education Review B (3): 259–277.
  • Miles, R., L. Harrison, and A. Cutter-Mackenzie. 2006. “Teacher Education: A Diluted Environmental Education Experience.” Australian Journal of Environmental Education 22 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1017/S0814062600001658.
  • Milfont, T. L., and P. W. Schultz. 2016. “Culture and the Natural Environment.” Current Opinion in Psychology 8: 194–199. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.009.
  • Monroe, M. C. 2003. “Two Avenues for Encouraging Conservation Behaviors.” Human Ecology Review 10 (2): 113–125.
  • Ojala, M. 2012. “Hope and Climate Change: The Importance of Hope for Environmental Engagement among Young People.” Environmental Education Research 18 (5): 625–642. doi:10.1080/13504622.2011.637157.
  • Ojala, M. 2015. “Climate Change Scepticism among Adolescents.” Journal of Youth Studies 18 (9): 1135–1153. doi:10.1080/13676261.2015.1020927.
  • Östman, J. 2014. “The Influence of Media Use on Environmental Engagement: A Political Socialization Approach.” Environmental Communication 8 (1): 92–109. doi:10.1080/17524032.2013.846271.
  • Otto, S., G. W. Evans, M. J. Moon, and F. G. Kaiser. 2019. “The Development of Children’s Environmental Attitude and Behavior.” Global Environmental Change 58: 101947. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101947.
  • Paek, H.-J, and Z. Pan. 2004. “Spreading Global Consumerism: Effects of Mass Media and Advertising on Consumerist Values in China.” Mass Communication & Society 7 (4): 491–515. doi:10.1207/s15327825mcs0704_7.
  • Palmer, J. 1998. Environmental Education in the 21st Century: Theory, Practice, Progress and Promise. London: Routledge.
  • Parzonko, A. J., A. Balińska, and A. Sieczko. 2021. “Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Generation z in the Context of the Concept of Homo Socio-Oeconomicus.” Energies 14 (6): 1597. doi:10.3390/en14061597.
  • Pedretti, E., and J. Nazir. 2014. “Tensions and Opportunities: A Baseline Study of Teachers’ Views of Environmental Education.” International Journal of Environmental & Science Education 9: 265–283.
  • Prabawa-Sear, K., and C. Baudains. 2011. “Asking the Participants: Students’ Viewes on Their Environmental Attitudes, Behaviours, Motivators and Barriers.” Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27 (2): 219–228. doi:10.1375/ajee.27.2.219.
  • Rickinson, M. 2001. “Learners and Learning in Environmental Education: A Critical Review of the Evidence.” Environmental Education Research 7 (3): 207–320. doi:10.1080/13504620120065230.
  • Rickinson, M., & Reid, A. D. 2016. “Synthesis of research in higher education for sustainable development”. In Routledge handbook of higher education for sustainable development, edited by M. Barth, G. Michelson M. Rieckmann & I. Thoman, 142−160, London: Routledge.
  • Riemer, M., J. Lynes, and G. Hickman. 2014. “A Model for Developing and Assessing Youth-Based Environmental Engagement Programmes.” Environmental Education Research 20 (4): 552–574. doi:10.1080/13504622.2013.812721.
  • Salonen, A. O., J. Siirilä, and M. Valtonen. 2018. “Sustainable Living in Finland: Combating Climate Change in Everyday Life.” Sustainability 10 (1): 104. doi:10.3390/su10010104.
  • Sawitri, D. R., H. Hadiyanto, and S. P. Hadi. 2015. “Pro-Environmental Behavior from a Socialcognitive Theory Perspective.” Procedia Environmental Sciences 23: 27–33. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.005.
  • Skogen, K., H. Helland, and B. Kaltenborn. 2018. “Concern about Climate Change, Biodiversity Loss, Habitat Degradation and Landscape Change: Embedded in Different Packages of Environmental Concern?” Journal of Nature Conservation 44: 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2018.06.001.
  • Solutes, J. F. 1990. “The Ethics of Qualitative Research.” In Qualitative Inquiry in Education, edited by E. W. Eisner & A. Peshkin, 247–257, New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
  • Sosu, E. M., A. McWilliam, and D. S. Gray. 2008. “The Complexities of Teachers’ Commitment to Environmental Education.” Journal of Mixed Methods Research 2 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1177/1558689807313163.
  • Steg, L., and C. Vlek. 2009. “Encouraging Pro-Environmental Behaviour: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 29 (3): 309–317. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004.
  • Stern, P. C. 2000. “Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior.” Journal of Social Issues 56 (3): 407–424. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
  • Stevenson, K. T., M. Nils Peterson, and H. D. Bondell. 2018. “Developing a Model of Climate Change Behavior among Adolescents.” Climatic Change 151 (3): 589–603. doi:10.1007/s10584-018-2313-0.
  • Stevenson, K., and N. Peterson. 2016. “Motivating Action Trough Fostering Climate Change Hope and Concern and Avoiding Despair among Adolescents.” Sustainability 8 (1): 6. doi:10.3390/su8010006.
  • Stevenson, K. T., M. N. Peterson, and H. D. Bondell. 2019. “The Influence of Personal Beliefs, Friends, and Family in Building Climate Change Concern among Adolescents.” Environmental Education Research 25 (6): 832–845. doi:10.1080/13504622.2016.1177712.
  • Tam, K.-P, and H.-W. Chan. 2018. “Generalized Trust Narrows the Gap between Environmental Concern and Pro-Environmental Behavior: Multilevel Evidence.” Global Environmental Change 48: 182–194. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.12.001.
  • Tanu, D., and L. Parker. 2018. “Fun, ‘Family’, and Friends: Developing Pro Environmental Behaviour among High School Students in Indonesia.” Indonesia and Malay World 46 (136): 303–324. doi:10.1080/13639811.2018.1518015.
  • Tasquier, G., and F. Pongiglione. 2017. “The Influence of Causal Knowledge on the Willingness to Change Attitude towards Climate Change: Results from an Empirical Study.” International Journal of Science Education 39 (13): 1846–1868. doi:10.1080/09500693.2017.1355078.
  • Thacker, S. B. 1988. “Meta-Analysis: A Quantitative Approach to Research Integration.” JAMA 259 (11): 1685–1689. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03720110047033.
  • Thorne, S., L. Jensen, M. H. Kearney, G. Noblit, and M. Sandelowski. 2004. “Qualitative Metasynthesis: Reflections on Methodological Orientation and Ideological Agenda.” Qualitative Health Research 14 (10): 1342–1365. doi:10.1177/1049732304269888.
  • Timulak, L. 2009. “Meta-Analysis of Qualitative Studies: A Tool for Reviewing Qualitative Research Findings in Psychotherapy.” Psychotherapy Research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research 19 (4–5): 591–600. doi:10.1080/10503300802477989.
  • Timulak, L., and R. McElvaney. 2013. “Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Insight Events in Psychotherapy.” Counselling Psychology Quarterly 26 (2): 131–150. doi:10.1080/09515070.2013.792997.
  • Toili, W. W. 2007. “Secondary School Students’ Participation in Environmental Action: Coercion or Dynamism?” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education 3 (1): 51–69.
  • Toth, N., B. Bell, K. Avramides, K. Rulton, and L. Little. 2014. “Is the Next Generation Prepared? Understanding Barriers to Teenage Energy Conservation.” In Energy Consumption: Impacts of Human Activity, Current and Future Challenges, Environmental and Socio-Economic Effects, edited by S. Reiter, 117–139, Hauppauge, New York, Nova Science Publishers.
  • Tuncer, G., C. Tekkaya, S. Sungur, J. Cakiroglu, H. Ertepinar, and M. Kaplowitz. 2009. “Assessing Pre-Service Teachers’ Environmental Literacy in Turkey as a Mean to Develop Teacher Education Program.” International Journal of Educational Development 29: 426–436.
  • UNDP & UNEP. 2013. Breaking down the silos: integrating environmental sustainability in the post-2015 Agenda.
  • UNESCO. 2014. Shaping the Future We Want. UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014), Final report. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1682Shaping%20the%20future%20we%20want.pdf
  • Van Liere, K. D., and R. E. Dunlap. 1980. “The Social Bases of Environmental Concern: A Review of Hypotheses, Explanations and Empirical Evidence.” Public Opinion Quarterly 44 (2): 181–197. doi:10.1086/268583.
  • van Weelie, D., and A. E. J. Wals. 1999. “Stepping Stones for Making Biodiversity Meaningful through Education.” In Environmental Education and Biodiversity, edited by A. E. J. Wals, 49–80, Wageningen: National Reference Centre for Nature Management.
  • Waite, S., A. Goodenough, V. Norris, and N. Puttick. 2016. “From Little Acorns.: Environmental Action as a Source of Well-Being for Schoolchildren.” Pastoral Care in Education. An International Journal of Personal, Social and Emotional Development 34 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1080/02643944.2015.1119879.
  • Wheaton, M., A. Kannan, and N. M. Ardoin. 2018. Pathways in Environmental Literacy (Environmental Literacy Brief, Volume 2). Stanford: Social Ecology Lab, Stanford University.
  • Whitehouse, H. 2014. “Not Greenies’ at School: Investigating the Discourses of Environmental Activism in Regional Australia.” Australian Journal of Environmental Education 30 (1): 106–111. doi:10.1017/aee.2014.33.
  • Wigfield, A., and J. S. Eccles. 2000. “Expectancy − Value Theory of Achievement Motivation.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 25 (1): 68–81. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1015.
  • Wray-Lake, L., C. A. Flanagan, and D. W. Osgood. 2010. “Examining Trends in Adolescent Environmental Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors across Three Decades.” Environment and Behavior 42 (1): 61–85. doi:10.1177/0013916509335163.
  • Zelezny, L. C. 1999. “Educational Interventions That Improve Environmental Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis.” The Journal of Environmental Education 31 (1): 5–14. doi:10.1080/00958969909598627.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.