The Black, continental African presence and the nation-immigration dialectic in Canada

References

• Abdelel, R., Herrara, Y. M., Johnston, A. I., & McDermott, R. (2009). Identity as a variable. In R. Abdelel, Y. M. Herrara, A. I. Johnston, & R. McDermott (Eds.), Measuring identity: a guide for social scientists (pp. 17–32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Abdi, A. A. (2005). Reflections on the long struggle for inclusion: The experiences of people of African origin. In W. J. Tettey & K. P. Puplampu (Eds.), The African diaspora in Canada: Negotiating identity and belonging (pp. 49–60). Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities. New York, NY: Verson.
   Google Scholar
• Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. (2000). Post-colonial studies: The key words. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bakan, A. B., & Stasiulis, D. (1995). Making the match: Domestic placement agencies and racialization of women's household work. Sign: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 20, 303–335. doi:10.1086/494976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber, M. (1991). Immigrant domestic servants in Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Historical Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bauder, H. (2011). Immigration dialectic: Imagining community, economy, and nation. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bauman, Z. (1992). Intimations of postmodernity. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bridi, R. M. (2013). Labour control in the tobacco agro-spaces: Migrant agricultural workers in South-Western Ontario. Antipode, 45, 1070–1089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey, J. P. (2009). Open borders: Absurd chimera or inevitable future policy? International Migration, 48(5), 14–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauvergne, C. (2005). Humanitarianism, identity, and nation: Migration laws in Canada and Australia. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dauvergne, C. (2007). Citizenship with a vengeance. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 8, 489–506. doi:10.2202/1565-3404.1158
   Google Scholar
• Dei, G. S. (2005). Racism in Canadian contexts: Exploring public and private issues in the educational system. In W. Tettey & K. P. Puplampu (Eds.), The African diaspora in Canada: Negotiating identity and belonging (pp. 93–110). Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Engels, F. (1940). The dialectics of nature. London: International.
   Google Scholar
• Fleras, A. (2012). The media gaze: Representations of diversity in Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, C. (2007). Blackness and modernity: The colour of humanity and the quest for freedom. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen's University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (1972). Archaeology of knowledge. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Galabuzi, Grace-Edward. (2006). Canada’s economic apartheid: The social exclusion of racialized groups in the new century. Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholar's Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, T., & Woods, A. (2003). Reason in revolt: Dialectical philosophy and modern science. New York, NY: Algora.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, S. (1996). New ethnicities. In D. Morley & K.-H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical dialogues in cultural studies (pp. 441–449). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hegel, G. W. F. (1967). The phenomenology of the mind. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, F., & Tator, C. (Eds.). (2009). Racism in the Canadian university. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. New York, NY: Free.
   Google Scholar
• Honig, B. (2001). Democracy and the foreigner. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, F., & Balakrishnan, T. R. (1996). The integration of visible minorities in contemporary Canadian society. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 21, 307–326. doi:10.2307/3341769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hum, D., & Simpson, W. (1999). Wage opportunities for visible minorities in Canada. Canadian Public Policy, 25, 379–394. doi:10.2307/3551526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hum, D., & Simpson, W. (2007). Revisiting equity and labour: Immigration, gender, minority status and income differential in Canada. In S. P. Hier & B. S. Bolaria (Eds.), Race and racism in 21st-century Canada (pp. 65–79). Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jameson, F. (2010). Valences of the dialectic. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Joppke, C. (2005). Selecting by origin: Ethnic migration in the liberal state. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, K. (2006). Nationalism. In B. S. Turner (Ed.), The Cambridge dictionary of sociology (pp. 412–413). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Li, P. (1988). Ethnic inequality in a class society. Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational.
   Google Scholar
• Li, P. (1998). The market value and social value of race. In V. Satzewich (Ed.), Racism and social inequality in Canada: Concepts, controversies and strategies of resistance (pp. 115–130). Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational.
   Google Scholar
• Li, P. (2012). Difference in employment income of university professors. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 44(2), 39–48.
   Google Scholar
• Mahtani, M. (2001). Representing minorities: Canadian media and minority identities. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 33(3), 99–133.
   Google Scholar
• Mahtani, M., & Mountz, A. (2002). Immigration to British Columbia: Media representations and public opinion. Research on Immigration and Integration in the Metropolis Working Paper Series, no. 02-15. Vancouver, BC: Center of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement.
   Google Scholar
• Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1964). The German ideology. Moscow: Progress.
   Google Scholar
• Mensah, J. (2002). Black Canadians: History, experiences, social conditions (1st ed.). Halifax: Fernwood.
   Google Scholar
• Mensah, J. (2005). On the ethno-cultural heterogeneity of black in our ethnicities. Canadian Issues, Spring, 72–77.
   Google Scholar
• Mensah, J. (2006). Cultural dimensions of globalization in Africa: A dialectical interpenetration of the local and the global. Studies in Political Economy, 77, 57–82.
   Google Scholar
• Mensah, J. (2010). Black Canadians: History, experiences, social conditions (2nd ed.). Halifax: Fernwood.
   Google Scholar
• Nash, A. (1994). Some recent developments in Canadian immigration policy. The Canadian Geographer, 38, 258–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nederveen Pieterse, J. (1992). White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western popular culture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nikulin, D. (2010). Dialectic and dialogue. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Puplampu, K. P., & Tettey, W. J. (2005). Ethnicity and the identity of African-Canadians: A theoretical and political analysis. In W. Tettey & K. P. Puplampu (Eds.), The Africa diaspora in Canada: Negotiating identity and belonging (pp. 25–48). Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ravenstein, R. G. (1885). The laws of migration. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 48, 242–305.
   Google Scholar
• Reitz, J. G., & Banerjee, R. (2009). Racial inequality and social integration. In J. G. Reitz, R. Breton, K. K. Dion, & K. L. Dion (Eds.), Multiculturalism and social cohesion: Potentials and challenges of diversity (pp. 123–155). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Rushton, P. J. (1995). Race, evolution and behavior: A life-history perspective. New Brunswick: Transaction.
   Google Scholar
• Sartre, J.-P. (1956). Being and nothingness (H. E. Barnes, Trans.). New York, NY: Washington Square Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schiappa, E. (1991). Protagoras and logos: A study is Greek philosophy and rhetoric. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sedgwick, P. (2002). Nation-state. In A. Edgar & P. Sedgwick (Eds.), Cultural theory: The key concepts (p. 254). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, N. 2006. Home economics: Nationalism and the making of ‘migrant workers’ in Canada. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simmel, G. (1900 [ trans. 1978]). The philosophy of money. (T. Bottomore & D. Frisby, Trans., p. 254). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Simmons, A. (1998). Racism and immigration policy. In V. Satzewich (Ed.), Racism and social inequality in Canada (pp. 87–114). Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational.
   Google Scholar
• Stasiulis, D. K., & Bakan, A. B. (2005). Negotiating citizenship: Migrant women in Canada and the global system. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2008). 2006 Census of Canada. Cat no. 97-557-XCB2006007. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Tanovich, D. M. (2006). The colour of justice: Policing race in Canada. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tator, C., & Henry, F. (2006). Racial profiling in Canada. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, L. C. (2009, May 14). Darker the skin, less you fit. Toronto Star. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from www.thestar.com/news/gta/2009/05/14/darker_the_skin_less_you_fit.html
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira, C. (2006). Housing experiences of Black Africans in Toronto's rental market: A case study of Angolans and Mozambican immigrants. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 38(3), 58–86.
   Google Scholar
• Tettey, W. J., & Puplampu, K. P. (2005a). Continental Africans in Canada: Exploring a neglected dimension of the African-Canadian experience. In W. J. Tettey & K. P. Puplampu (Eds.), The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating identity and belonging (pp. 3–23). Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.
   Google Scholar
• Tettey, W. J., & Puplampu, K. P. (2005b). Border crossing and home-diaspora linkages among African-Canadians: An analysis of translocational positionality, cultural remittance, and social capital. In W. J. Tettey & K. P. Puplampu (Eds.), The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating identity and belonging (pp. 149–174). Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Project (UNDP). (2014). Human development reports. Retrieved September 6, from www.undp.org/en/data
   Google Scholar
• Walker, J. W. S. G. (1996). African Canadians. In P. R. Magocsi (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Canada’s peoples (pp. 139–176). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wiltshire, R. (1992). Implications of transnational migration for nationalism: The Caribbean example. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 645, 175–187. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb33491.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winks, R. (1997). The Blacks in Canada: A history. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen's University Press.
   Google Scholar