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Applied Economics Letters Volume 29, 2022 - Issue 12
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Research Article

Does informality increase the spread of COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country examination

Pierre Nguimkeua Department of Economics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-4867
ORCID Icon &
Cedric Okoub EFI-Prospects Group, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
Pages 1111-1115 | Published online: 08 Apr 2021

References

  • Amin, M., and C. Okou. 2020. “Casting a Shadow: Productivity of Formal Firms and Informality.” Review of Development Economics 24 (4): 1610–1630. doi:10.1111/rode.12697.
  • Hausman, J. 2001. “Mismeasured Variables in Econometric Analysis: Problems from the Right and Problems from the Left.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 15 (4): 57–67. doi:10.1257/jep.15.4.57.
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). 2018. Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture. Third ed. Geneva: ILO.
  • Ligon, E., J. P. Thomas, and T. Worrall. 2002. “Informal Insurance Arrangements with Limited Commitment: Theory and Evidence from Village Economies.” Review of Economic Studies 69 (1): 209–244. doi:10.1111/1467-937X.00204.
  • Nguimkeu, P., and C. Okou. 2019. “Informality.” In The Future of Work in Africa: Harnessing the Potential of Digital Technologies for All. J. Choi, M. Dutz and Z. Usman (eds), Washington, DC: World Bank. 107-139.
  • Nguimkeu, P., and S. Tadadjeu. 2020. “Why are the Numbers of COVID-19 Cases Lower than Expected in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Role of Demographic and Geographic Factors.” World Development 138: 105251. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105251.
  • Ssozi, J., and S. Amlani. 2015. “The Effectiveness of Health Expenditure on the Proximate and Ultimate Goals of Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Development 76: 165–179. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.07.010.
  • World Bank. 2020. Global Economic Prospects, June 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • World Development Indicators. 2019. Accessed 10 June 2020. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#
  • Worldometer Coronavirus. 2020. “COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC.” Accessed 11 June 2020. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

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