A New Pharmacological Tool to Investigate Integration Processes

References

• Badcock , J. C. , Whitworth , F. A. , Badcock , D. R. and Lovegrove , W. J. 1990 . Low-frequency filtering and the processing of local-global stimuli . Perception , 19 : 617 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , J. , Rosenfeld , A. and Ivry , R. 1989 . Line segregation . Spatial Vision , 4 : 75 – 101 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biederman , I. 1987 . Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding . Psychological Review , 94 : 115 – 147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolz , J. and Gilbert , C. D. 1986 . Generation of end-inhibition in the visual cortex via inter laminar connections . Nature , 320 : 362 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucart , M. , Delord , S. and Giersch , A. 1994 . The computation of contour information in complex objects . Perception , 23 : 399 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breastrup , C. , Albrechtsen , R. and Squires , R. F. 1977 . High densities of benzodiazepine receptors in human cortical areas . Nature , 269 : 702 – 704 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown , J. , Lewis , V. , Brown , M. , Horn , G. and Bowes , J. B. 1982 . A comparison between transient amnesias induced by two drugs (diazepam and lorazepam) and amnesia of organic origin . Neuropsychologia , 20 : 55 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , M. W. , Brown , J. and Bowes , J. B. 1989 . Absence of priming coupled with substantially preserved recognition in lorazepam-induced amnesia . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 41A : 599 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bundesen , C. 1990 . A theory of visual attention . Psychological Review , 97 : 523 – 547 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , P. R. F. , Eccersley , P. S. , Frisby , J. P. and Thornton , J. A. 1970 . The amnesic effect of diazepam (Valium) . British Journal of Anesthesia , 42 : 690 – 697 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cudeiro , J. and Sillito , A. M. 1996 . Spatial frequency tuning of orientation-discontinuity sensitive corticofugal feedback to the cat lateral geniculate nucleus . Journal of Physiology , 490 : 481 – 492 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curran , H. V. 1991 . Benzodiazepines, memory and mood: A review . Psychopharmacology , 105 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danion , J. M. , Peretti , S. , Grange , D. , Bilik , M. , Imbs , J. L. and Singer , L. 1992 . Effects of cholorpromazine and lorazepam on explicit memory, repetition priming and cognitive skill learning in healthy volunteers . Psychopharmacology , 108 : 345 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly , N. , Humphreys , G. W. and Riddoch , M. J. 1991 . Parallel computation of primitive shape descriptions . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 17 : 561 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. and Humphreys , G. W. 1989 . Visual search and stimulus similarity . Psychological Review , 96 : 433 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysel , U. T. 1992 . “ Lateral inhibitory interactions in areas 17 and 18 of the cat visual cortex ” . In Progress in brain research , Edited by: Mize , R. R. , Marc , R. R. and Sillito , A. M. Vol. 90 , 407 – 422 . Elsevier Sciene Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Fennel , E. B. 1986 . “ Handedness in neuropsychological research ” . In Experimental techniques in human neuropsychology , Edited by: Hannay , H. J. 15 – 44 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Field , D. J. , Hayes , A. and Hess , R. F. 1993 . Contour integration by the human visual system: Evidence for a local “association field . Vision Research , 3 : 173 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Giersch , A. , Boucart , M. and Danion , J.-M. 1997 . Lorazepam, abenzodiazepine, induces atypical distractor effects with compound letters: A role for line-ends in the processing of compound letters . Visual Cognition , 44 : 337 – 372 .
   Google Scholar
• Giersch , A. , Boucart , M. , Danion , J. M. , Vidailhet , P. and Legrand , F. 1995 . Effects of lorazepam on perceptual integration of visual forms in healthy volunteers . Psychopharmacology , 119 : 105 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giersch , A. , Boucart , M. , Speeg-Schatz , C. , Muller-Kauffmann , F. and Danion , J. M. 1996 . Lorazepam impairs perceptual integration of visual forms: Acentral effect . Psychopharmacology , 126 : 260 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , C. D. , Das , A. , Ito , M. , Kapadia , M. and Westheimer , G. 1996 . Spatial integration and cortical dynamics . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 93 : 615 – 622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gove , A. , Grossberg , S. and Mingolla , E. 1995 . Brightness perception, illusory contours, and corticogeniculate feedback . Visual Neuroscience , 12 : 1027 – 1052 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , C. M. , Konig , P. , Engel , A. K. and Singer , W. 1991 . “ Synchronous neuronal oscillations in cat visual cortex: Functional implications ” . In Representations of vision: Trends and tacit assumptions in vision research , Edited by: Gorea , A. , Fregnac , Y. , Kapoula , Z. and Findlay , J. 83 – 96 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , C. M. and Singer , W. 1989 . Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 86 : 1689 – 1702 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gregory , R. L. 1992 . Cognitive contours . Nature (London) , 238 : 51 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Grossberg , S. and Mingolla , E. 1985 . Neural dynamics of form perception: Boundary completion, illusory figures, and neon colour spreading . Psychological Review , 92 : 173 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossberg , S. , Mingolla , E. and Ross , W. D. 1985 . Aneural theory of attentivevisual search: Interactions of boundary surface, spatial, and object representations . Psychological Review , 101 : 470 – 489 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , J. P. and Phillipson , O. T. 1995 . Effects of lorazepam on human contrast sensitivity . Psychopharmacology , 117 : 379 – 384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , Z. J. and Nakayama , K. 1992 . Surfaces versus features in visual search . Nature , 359 : 231 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hécaen , H. 1984 . Les gauchers , Paris : Presses Universitaires de France .
   Google Scholar
• Hendry , S. H. C. and Miller , K. L. 1996 . Selective expression and rapid regulation of GABAA receptor subunits in geniculocortical neurons of macaque dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus . Visual Neuroscience , 13 : 223 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendry , S. H. C. , Hunstman , M. M. , Viñuela , A. , Möhler , H. , DeBlas , A. L. and Jones , E. G. 1994 . GABAA receptor subunit immunoreactivity in primate visual cortex: Distribution in macaques and humans and regulation by visual input in adulthood . Journal of Neuroscience , 14 : 2383 – 2401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel , D. H. and Wiesel , T. N. 1965 . Receptive fields and functional architecture in two nonstriate visual areas (18 and 19) of the cat . Journal of Neurophysiology , 28 : 229 – 289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys , G. W. and Riddoch , J. 1987 . To see but not to see: A case study of visual agnosia , Hove, , UK : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Humphreys , G. W. and Riddoch , J. 1994 . Attention within-object and between-object spatial representations: Multi plesites for visual selection . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 11 : 207 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys , G. W. , Romani , C. , Olson , A. , Riddoch , J. and Duncan , J. 1994 . Non-spatial extinction following lesions of the parietal lobe in humans . Nature , 372 : 357 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julesz , B. 1981 . Textons, the elements of texture perception and their interactions . Nature , 290 : 91 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaila , K. 1994 . Ionic basis of GABAA receptor channel function inthe nervous system . Progress in Neurobiology , 42 : 489 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinchla , R. A. , Solis-Macias , V. and Hoffman , J. 1983 . Attending to different levels of structure in a visual image . Perception and Psychophysics , 25 : 225 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Kinchla , R. A. and Wolfe , J. M. 1979 . The order of visual processing: “Top-down”, “bottom-up”, or “middle-out . Perception and Psychophysics , 25 : 225 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisvárday , Z. F. 1992 . “ GABA ergic networks of basket cells in the visual cortex ” . In Progress in brain research , Edited by: Mize , R. R. , Marc , R. E. and Sillito , A. M. Vol. 90 , 385 – 405 . Elsevier Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Kisvárday , Z. F. , Beaulieu , C. and Eysel , U. T. 1993 . Network of GABA ergic large basket cells in cat visual cortex (area 18): Implication for lateral disinhibition . Journal of Comparative Neurology , 327 : 398 – 415 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orban , G. , Kato , H. and Bishop , P. O. 1979b . End-zone region in receptive field of hypercomplex and other striate neurons in the cat . Journal of Neurophysiology , 42 : 818 – 832 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterhans , E. and von der Heydt , R. 1989 . Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex: 2. Contours bridging gaps . Journal of Neuroscience , 9 : 1749 – 1763 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rensick , R. A. and Enns , J. T. 1995 . Preemption effects invisual search: Evidence forlow-level grouping . Psychological Review , 102 : 101 – 130 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reynolds , R. I. 1985 . The role of object-hypothesis in the organization of fragmented figures . Perception , 14 : 49 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , L. C. , Egly , R. , Lamb , M. R. and Kerth , L. 1993 . Spatial attention and cuing to global and local levels of hierarchical structure . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 19 : 471 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , L. C. , Lamb , M. R. and Knight , R. T. 1988 . Effects of lesions of temporal-parietal junction on perceptual and attentional processing in humans . Journal of Neuroscience , 8 : 3757 – 3769 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulman , G. L. and Wilson , J. 1987 . Spatial frequency and selective attention to local and global information . Perception , 16 : 89 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellal , F. , Danion , J. M. , Kauffmann-Muller , F. , Grange , D. , Imbs , J. L. , Van Der Linden , M. and Singer , L. 1992 . Differential effects of diazepam and lorazepam on repetition priming in healthy volunteers . Psychopharmacology , 108 : 371 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipley , T. F. and Kellman , P. J. 1990 . The role of discontinuities in the perception of subjective figures . Perception and Psychophysics , 48 : 259 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillito , A. M. 1977 . The spatial extent of excitatory and inhibitory zones in the receptive field of superficial layer hypercomplex cells . Journal of Physiology , 273 : 791 – 803 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillito , A. M. 1992 . “ GABA mediated inhibitory processes in the function of the geniculo-striate system ” . In Progress in brain research , Edited by: Mize , R. R. , Marc , R. E. and Sillito , A. M. Vol. 90 , 349 – 384 . Elsevier Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Sillito , A. M. , Cudeiro , J. and Murphy , P. C. 1993 . Orientation sensitive elements in the corticofugal influence on centre-surround interactions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus . Experimental Brain Research , 93 : 6 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer , W. and Gray , C. M. 1995 . Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis . Annual Review of Neuroscience , 18 : 555 – 586 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swets , J. A. 1986 . Indices of discrimination or diagnostic accuracy: Their ROCs and implied models . Psychological Bulletin , 99 : 100 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treisman , A. and Gelade , G. 1980 . A feature integration theory of attention . Cognitive Psychology , 12 : 97 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treisman , A. and Gormican , S. 1988 . Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries . Psychological Review , 95 : 15 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treisman , A. and Paterson , R. 1984 . Emergent features, attention, and object perception . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 12 : 3 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Verghese , P. and Nakayama , K. 1994 . Stimulus discriminability in visual search . Vision Research , 34 : 2453 – 2467 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidailhet , P. , Danion , J. M. , Kauffman-Muller , F. , Grangé , D. , Giersch , A. , Van Der Linden , M. and Imbs , J. L. 1994 . Lorazepam and diazepam effects on memory acquisition in priming tasks . Psychopharmacology , 115 : 397 – 406 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volgushev , M. , Vidyasagar , T. R. and Pei , X. 1995 . Dynamics of the orientation tuning of post synaptic potentials in the cat visual cortex . Visual Neuroscience , 12 : 621 – 628 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow , N. D. , Wang , G. J. , Hitzemann , R. , Fowler , J. S. , Wolf , A. P. , Pappas , N. , Biegon , A. and Dewey , S. L. 1993 . Decreased cerebral response to inhibitory neurotransmission in alcoholics . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 417 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von der Heydt , R. and Peterhans , E. 1989 . Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex: 1. Lines of pattern discontinuities . Journal of Neuroscience , 9 : 1731 – 1748 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , L. M. 1982 . Determinants of attention to local and global features of visual forms . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 4 : 562 – 581 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westheimer , G. and Li , W. 1996 . Classifying illusory contours by means of orientation discrimination . Journal of Neurophysiology , 75 : 523 – 528 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wörgötter , F. and Koch , C. 1991 . A detailed model of the primary visual pathway in the cat: Comparison of afferent excitatory and intracortical inhibitory connection schemes for orientation selectivity . Journal of Neuroscience , 11 : 1959 – 1979 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , W. S. and Kuhar , M. J. 1979 . Autoradiographic localizaion of benzodiazepine receptors in the brains of humans and animals . Nature , 280 : 393 – 395 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker , S. W. and Davis , S. 1988 . Points and endpoints: Asize/spacing constraint for dot grouping . Perception , 17 : 229 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar