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Original Articles

Christian co-operation and the ecumenical ideal in the 1930s and 1940s

Pages 37-60 | Published online: 01 Jul 2010

References

  • Welsby , P. A. 1984 . The History of the Church of England 1945-1980 79 Oxford
  • Iremonger , F. A. 1948 . William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury: His Life and Letters Oxford
  • Temple , William . 1946 . An Estimate and an Appreciation 76 London
  • Carpenter , Edward . 1971 . Cantaur: The Archbishops in Their Office 473 London
  • Temple , William . An Estimate 85
  • Iremonger . Temple 389 – 90 .
  • 't Hooft . 1974 . Has the Ecumenical Movement a Future? , 15 Belfast : Christian Journals Limited .
  • Ibid, p. 18
  • 't Hooft . 1973 . Memoirs 65 London
  • `Relations between the ecumenical movement and the Vatican in the twentieth century', memorandum prepared by Henry Smith Leiper, General Secretary, WCC Conference of LISA Member Churches p. 5; Papers of Harry S. Truman, Presidential Library, Independence, Missouri.
  • 't Hooft . Memoirs 66 – 7 .
  • 1986 . The Oxford Dictionary of Popes 318 – 20 . Oxford
  • Sereny , G. 1974 . Into That Darkness London The scholarly attack on Pius XII began in 1963 with Rolf Hochluth's play about the pope and the Jewish holocaust. He was subsequently accused of anti-Semitism by
  • Cornwell , John . 1999 . Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Plus XII London and by Paul Johnson, Pope John XXIII, London, 1976. The most recent indictment is by
  • Holmes , J. Derek . 1981 . The Papacy in the Modern World 119 London
  • 1943 . Martin to Temple , 20 April Papers of the Church of England Council on Foreign Relations (henceforth CFR Papers)
  • April 2000 . “ `Religion and the Cold War' ” . April , London N. Hope, `The Iron Curtain and its repercussions for the churches in Europe', conference paper,
  • Hudson , D. 1969 . The Ecumenical Movement in World Affairs 3 London
  • Holmes . Church of England 120
  • `Relations between the ecumenical movement and the Vatican in the twentieth century', memorandum prepared by Henry Smith Leiper, General Secretary, WCC Conference of LISA Member Churches pp. 8-9; Truman papers
  • Iremonger . Temple 412
  • Oxford Dictionary of Popes, pp. 318-20
  • Temple: An Estimate, p. 91
  • Hastings , Adrian . 1991 . A History of English Christianity 1920-1990 399 London
  • Holmes . The Papacy 125 In his 1940 Christmas address to the Cardinals Pius XII outlined the principles of a `new order' based on victory over international mistrust and the hatreds dividing nations, victory over national selfishness and the conflicts which resulted from an unbalanced world economy, and victory over the principle that utility was the basis and the aim of law
  • Bell . 1940 . Christianity and the World Order 151 London
  • Gaines . The WCC 812
  • Temple , William . An Estimate 90
  • Grubb , K. G. 1972 . Crypts of Power 193 London
  • Bell to Fisher, 28 February 1946 Fisher Papers, Vol. 6: 2-6; Grubb to Fisher, 6 March 1946: Fisher Papers, Vol 6: 9-10
  • Grubb . Crypts 199
  • Gaines . The WCC 323
  • Temple to Bell, 11 June 1941; Bell Papers, Vol. 37: 2; Lambeth Palace
  • The origins of the Council on Foreign Relations stretched back to the impetus given the Ecumenical Movement by the First World War. See Report of the Committee on Relations with Foreign Churches appointed 19 January, 1926, presented to the Church Assembly on October 1926; Douglas Papers, Vol 11: 9.
  • Douglas to Waddams, 5 March 1949; CFR Papers
  • Douglas to Waddams, 5 March 1949; CFR Papers
  • Bell to Osborne, 1 June 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 20
  • Jasper . George Bell 245
  • Bell to Osborne, 1 June 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 20
  • Jasper . George Bell 246 Bell to Mathew, 15 July 1939; quoted in
  • Bell to Osborne, 1 June 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 20
  • 't Hooft . Memoirs 106
  • Bell to Temple, 14 June 1941; Bell Papers, Vol. 216: 3
  • Ibid.
  • Bell to Temple, 31 May 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 17
  • Bell to Osborne, draft letter sent to Temple, 1 June 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 20
  • Temple to Kirkpatrick, 24 May 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 10
  • Kirkpatrick to Temple, 31 May 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 18
  • Warner to Sargent, 2 June 1944; FO 371 44216 105310
  • Kirkpatrick to Temple, 5 June 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 24
  • F. H. House, `William Temple's Proposed Visit to the Pope', undated draft article, CFR Roman Catholic Committee papers, Lambeth Palace
  • Bell to Temple, 16 August 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 39
  • Temple to Douglas, 26 August 1944; Bell Papers, Vol. 216: 20; and Douglas dossier, CFR Papers.
  • Temple to Bell, 1 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 46
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • Bell to Temple, 3 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 48
  • Temple to Godfrey, undated draft letter, but clearly written between September 3 and 13, 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 53
  • Temple to Buxton and Douglas, 13 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 52
  • Douglas to Temple, 10 September 1944; Vol. 39: 44
  • Temple to Buxton and Douglas, 13 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 52.
  • Buxton to Temple, 14 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 57
  • Douglas to Temple, 13 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 54
  • Douglas to Temple, 15 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 58
  • Temple to Bell, 19 September 1944; Vol. 37: 60
  • Bell to Temple, 21 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 63
  • Temple to Buxton, 19 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 61
  • Temple to Douglas, 19 September 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 62
  • Godfrey to Douglas, 16 March 1945; Douglas dossier, p. 14
  • Douglas to Ian White Thomson, 19 March 1945; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 68.
  • 1944 . The Times , 27 October
  • Smyth , Charles . 1958 . Cyril Forster Garbett: Archbishop of York 296 London
  • Jasper . George Bell 276
  • A. J. Clemens to Douglas, 15 October 1943; Douglas dossier p. 4
  • Douglas to Godfrey, 13 October 1943; Douglas dossier, p. 3
  • Hastings . English Christianity 479 Godfrey to Douglas, 15 October 1943; Douglas dossier, CFR Papers. Archbishop William Godfrey of Cius, the Apostolic Delegate, to Temple, October 1943; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 6. Godfrey's excessive caution was remarked upon by the clergy at Westminster who christened his years there `the safe period'. His Times obituary observed that it could undoubtedly be said of the cardinal that he had never made an imprudent remark
  • Godfrey To Temple, 18 January 1944; Iremonger, Temple, pp. 421-22
  • 1948 . `William Temple's Approach to the Vatican: Unpublished Letters of 1943-1944' . Church Times , CXXXI ( 4457 ) 9 July : 377
  • Temple to Douglas, 8 April 1944, Douglas dossier
  • Douglas to Temple, 13 April 1944; Douglas dossier
  • Bell to Temple, 6 November 1942; Bell Papers, Vol. 216: 34
  • Temple to Bell, 11 November 1942; Bell Papers, Vol. 216: 35
  • Temple to Bell, 3 December 1942; Bell Papers Vol. 216: 36
  • Douglas to Temple, 11 October 1943; Temple Papers, Vol 37: 1
  • 2000 . `The Church of England and Religions Division during the Second World War: Church-State relations and the Anglo-Soviet Alliance' . Journal of International Relations , 1 ( 1 )
  • Fisher to Garbett, 26 September 1947; CFR Papers
  • Iremonger to Bell, February 1948; Bell Papers, Vol 216: 174
  • Bell to Iremonger, 11 February 1948; Bell Papers, Vol 216: 178
  • Bell to Iremonger, 11 February 1948; Bell Papers, Vol 216: 178
  • Iremonger to Fisher, 13 February 1948; CFR Papers. In a handwritten note below the insertion Iremonger observed: `I hope this is, roughly, accurate--but I know less about the `Natural Law' than (as one says in Hampshire) a dog does about side pockets!'
  • Bell to Douglas, 19 February 1948; Bell Papers, Vol 216: 215-7
  • Bell to Douglas, 19 February 1948; Bell Papers, Vol 216: 215-7
  • 1948 . Church Times , CXXXI ( 4457 ) 9 July : 384
  • Ibid, pp. 377, 384
  • Ibid, p. 377
  • Iremonger to Fisher, 15 July 1948; CFR Papers
  • 1948 . Church Times , CXXXI ( 4457 ) 9 July : 384
  • Fisher to Iremonger, 20 July 1948; Douglas/Rome file, CFR Papers
  • Iremonger to Bell, 17 February 1948; Bell Papers, Vol 218: 211
  • Waddams . 1944 . `The Churches and Postwar Europe' . Confidential Memorandum , 11 February CFR Papers
  • Chadwick , Owen . 1986 . Britain and the Vatican in the Second World War Cambridge
  • Iremonger . Temple 421
  • Temple to Douglas, 11 October 1943; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 3
  • Douglas to Temple, 14 April 1944, Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 66
  • Iremonger . Temple 422 Temple to Godfrey, Good Friday, 1944;
  • Bell to Temple, 7 December 1942; Bell Papers, Vol. 216: 37
  • 1942-43 . Lords Parliamentary Debates , 127 : 216 – 17 .
  • Welsby . Church of England 10
  • Fisher to Garbett, 3 January 1945; Garbett Papers
  • 1945 . Ian White Thomson , 23 March
  • Temple Papers , 37 20
  • Kirby , D. `Divinely Sanctioned: The Anglo-American Cold War Alliance and the Defence of Western Civilisation and Christianity, 1945-48' . Journal of Contemporary History , 35 ( 3 ) 385 – 412 .
  • Iremonger to Fisher, 20 September 1947; CFR Papers
  • Iremonger . 1948 . Temple 422 London Godfrey to Temple; 18 April 1944; quoted in
  • Chadwick, Britain and the Vatican
  • Temple to Bell, 27 May 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 12
  • Garbett to Fisher, 22 September 1947; CFR Papers
  • Buxton to Temple, 16 August 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 40
  • Hammond to Temple, 21 August 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 42
  • Temple to Buxton, 21 August 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 41
  • Buxton to Temple, 28 August 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 45
  • Temple to Hammond, 24 August 1944; Temple Papers, Vol. 37: 44
  • Dr Khbansky . 1944 . `The Vatican and Political Warfare' . PWE, Italian Region, Intelligence Section, to Foreign Office , 2 June FO 371 44213, Public Record Office, Kew
  • Waddams to Fisher, 3 September 1947; CFR Papers
  • Kirby , D. 1997 . `Truman's Holy Alliance: The President, the Pope and the Origins of the Cold War' . Borderlines: Studies in American Culture , 4 ( 1 )
  • Saville , John . 1993 . The Politics of Continuity: British Foreign Policy and the Labour Government 1945-46 London
  • Kirby . “ `Divinely Sanctioned' ” . 398 – 99 .
  • Fisher to Lyall, 7 November 1946; Fisher Papers, Vol. 63: 16-17
  • 't Hooff , ed. 1949 . The Ten Formative Years: The First Assembly of the Worm Council of Churches New York
  • Hudson , Darril . 1977 . The Worm Council of Churches in International Affairs New York
  • Hebly , J. A. 1978 . The Russians and the Worm Council of Churches, documentary survey of the accession of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Worm Council of Churches Belfast
  • 't Hooff . Memoirs 186
  • Fisher to Marriot and Lyall, 4 December 1946; Fisher Papers, Vol. 63: 18

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