228
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Signal strength excellent in West Germany: Radio Tirana, European Maoist internationalism and its disintegration in the global seventies

ORCID Icon
Pages 391-416 | Received 15 Aug 2020, Accepted 19 Aug 2021, Published online: 07 Jun 2022

BibliographyArchival sources

Secondary sources

  • Alexander, R. J. Maoism in the Developed World. Westport: Praeger, 2001.
  • Aly, G. Unser Kampf: 1968 - ein irritierter Blick zurück. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 2008.
  • Arps, J. O. Frühschicht: Linke Fabrikintervention in den 70er Jahren. Berlin: Assoziation A, 2011.
  • Badenoch, A., A. Fickers, and C. Henrich-Franke, eds. Airy Curtains in the European Ether: Broadcasting and the Cold War. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2013.
  • Benicke, J. Die K-Gruppen: Entstehung, Entwicklung, Niedergang. Wiesbaden: Springer, 2019.
  • Benicke, J. Von Adorno Zu Mao. Freiburg: ça-ira-Verlag, 2010.
  • Berg, J. S. Listening on the Short Waves, 1945 to Today. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008.
  • Biberaj, E. Albania and China: A Study of an Unequal Alliance. Westview Special Studies in International Relations. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1986.
  • Bilecen, B., and T. Faist. “International Doctoral Students as Knowledge Brokers: Reciprocity, Trust and Solidarity in Transnational Networks.” Global Networks 15, no. 2 (2015): 217–235. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12069.
  • The Board for International Broadcasting. 1978 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The Board for International Broadcasting, 1978.
  • The Board for International Broadcasting. 1983 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The Board for International Broadcasting, 1983.
  • Bodie, G. “Global GDR? Sovereignty, Legitimacy and Decolonization in the German Democratic Republic, 1960–1989.” Ph.D. diss., University College London, 2019.
  • Bourg, J. “The Red Guards of Paris: French Student Maoism of the 1960s.” History of European Ideas 31, no. 4 (2005): 472–490. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.histeuroideas.2004.09.001.
  • Bourg, J. “Principally Contradiction: The Flourishing of French Maoism.” In Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History, edited by A. C. Cook, 225–244. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Bourg, J. From Revolution to Ethics: May 1968 and Contemporary French Thought. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2017.
  • Bourseiller, C. Les Maoïstes: La folle histoire des gardes rouges français. Paris: Plon, 1996.
  • Brown, T. S. West Germany and the Global Sixties: The Antiauthoritarian Revolt, 1962–1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Chen, J. Mao’s China and the Cold War. New Cold War History. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
  • Chin, R. The Crisis of Multiculturalism in Europe: A History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017.
  • Christiansen, S., and Z. A. Scarlett, eds. The Third World in the Global 1960s. New York: Berghahn Books, 2013.
  • Cook, A. C. Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Cordoba, C., and L. Kaixuan. “Unconditional Followers of the PRC? Friendship Associations with China in France and Switzerland, 1950s–1980s.” In Europe and China in the Cold War: Exchanges Beyond the Bloc Logic and the Sino-Soviet Split, edited by J. M. Schaufelbuehl, M. Wyss, and V. Zanier, 87–107. Leiden: Brill, 2019.
  • Davis, B. “A Whole World Opening Up: Transcultural Contact, Difference, and the Politicization of ‘New Left’ Activists.” In Changing the World, Changing Oneself: Political Protest and Collective Identities in West Germany and the U.S. in the 1960s and 1970s, edited by B. Davis, W. Mausbach, M. Klimke, and C. MacDougall, 255–273. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.
  • Deng, X. Speech by Chairman of the Delegation of the People’s Republic of China, Teng Hsiao-ping, at the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1974.
  • Fields, B. Trotskyism and Maoism: Theory and Practice in France and the United States. New York: Praeger, 1989.
  • Frazier, R. T. The East Is Black: Cold War China in the Black Radical Imagination. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015.
  • Friedman, J. S. Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third World. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2015.
  • Gehrig, S. “‘Zwischen uns und dem Feind einen klaren Trennungsstrich ziehen’: Linksterroristische Gruppen und maoistische Ideologie in der Bundesrepublik der 1960er und 1970er Jahre.” In Kulturrevolution als Vorbild? Maoismen im deutschsprachigen Raum, edited by S. Gehrig, B. Mittler, and F. Wemheuer, 153–177. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
  • Gnoinska, M. “Promoting the ‘China Way’ of Communism in Poland and beyond during the Sino-Soviet Split: The Case of Kazimierz Mijal.” Cold War History 18, no. 3 (2018): 343–359. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2017.1362394.
  • Griffith, W. E. Albania and the Sino-Soviet Rift. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1963.
  • Hoffman, M. Militant Acts: The Role of Investigations in Radical Political Struggles. SUNY Series in New Political Science. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2019.
  • Hosek, J. R. “‘Subaltern Nationalism’ and the West Berlin Anti-Authoritarians.” German Politics and Society 26, no. 1 (2008): 57–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.3167/gps.2008.260103. Spring.
  • Hoxha, E. Report on the Activity of the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania: Submitted to the 7th Congress of the Party of Labour of Albania, November 1, 1976. Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House, 1976.
  • Jasper, W. Der gläserne Sarg: Erinnerungen an die deutsche ‘Kulturrevolution.’ Berlin: Matthes & Seitz, 2018.
  • Jian, C. “China, the Third World, and the Cold War.” In The Cold War in the Third World, edited by R. J. McMahon, 85–100. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Jian, C., M. Klimke, M. Kirasirova, M. Nolan, M. Young, and J. Waley-Cohen, eds. The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties: Between Protest and Nation-Building. New York: Routledge, 2018.
  • Johnson, A. R., and R. Eugene Parta, eds. Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010.
  • de Jong, S. “Brokerage and Transnationalism: Present and Past Intermediaries, Social Mobility, and Mixed Loyalties.” Identities 25, no. 5 (2018): 610–628. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2018.1515778.
  • Kelley, R. D. G., and B. Esch. “Black like Mao: Red China and Black Revolution.” Souls 1, no. 4 (1999): 6–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10999949909362183.
  • Klimke, M. The Other Alliance: Student Protest in West Germany and the United States in the Global Sixties. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011.
  • Koenen, G. Das rote Jahrzehnt: Unsere kleine deutsche Kulturrevolution, 1967–1977. Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2001.
  • Komska, Y., and Y. Komska, eds. “West Germany’s Cold War Radio: A Crucible of the Transatlantic Century [Special Issue].” German Politics and Society 32 (2014): 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.3167/gps.2014.320101.
  • Kräuter, U. So ist die Revolution, mein Freund: Wie ich vom deutschen Maoisten zum Liebling der Chinesen wurde. Freiburg im Breisgau: Verlag Herder, 2012.
  • Kühn, A. Stalins Enkel, Maos Söhne: Die Lebenswelt der K-Gruppen in der Bundesrepublik der 70er Jahre. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 2005.
  • Kuo, M. Contending with Contradictions: China’s Policy toward Soviet Eastern Europe and the Origins of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1953–1960. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2001.
  • Lalaj, A., C. F. Ostermann, and R. Gage. “‘Albania is not Cuba’: Sino-Albanian Summits and the Sino-Soviet Split.” Cold War International History Bulletin, no. 16 (Fall /Winter [2007] 2008): 183–337.
  • Li, M. “Ideological Dilemma: Mao’s China and the Sino-Soviet Split, 1962–63.” Cold War History 11, no. 3 (2011): 387–419. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2010.498822.
  • Li, M. Mao’s China and the Sino-Soviet Split: Ideological Dilemma. London: Routledge, 2012.
  • Lovell, J. Maoism: A Global History. London: Bodley Head, 2019.
  • Lüthi, L. The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • Markovits, A. S., and P. S. Gorski. The German Left: Red, Green and Beyond. Cambridge: Polity, 1993.
  • Marku, Y. “China and Albania: The Cultural Revolution and Cold War Relations.” Cold War History 17, no. 4 (2017): 367–383. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2017.1307179.
  • Marku, Y. “Communist Relations in Crisis: The End of Soviet-Albanian Relations, and the Sino-Soviet Split, 1960–1961.” The International History Review 42, no. 4 (2020): 813–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1620825.
  • Marku, Y. “Stories from the International Communist Movement: The Chinese Front in Europe and the Limits of the Anti-Revisionist Struggle.” Cold War History 21, no. 2 (2021): 139–157. Pre-published online. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2020.1803840.
  • Matin-Asgari, A. Iranian Student Opposition to the Shah. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 2001.
  • Mëhilli, E. “Defying De-Stalinization: Albania’s 1956.” Journal of Cold War Studies 13, no. 4 (2011): 4–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS_a_00169.
  • Mëhilli, E. “Mao and the Albanians.” In Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History, edited by A. C. Cook, 165–184. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Mëhilli, E. From Stalin to Mao: Albania and the Socialist World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2017.
  • Mëhilli, E. “Radio and Revolution: Tirana via Bari, from Moscow to Beijing.” In Europe’s Internationalists: Rethinking the History of Internationalism, edited by J. Reinisch and D. Brydan, 68–85. London: Bloomsbury, 2021.
  • Melzer, P. Death in the Shape of a Young Girl: Women’s Political Violence in the Red Army Faction. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2015.
  • Mignon, C., and A. Fishwick. “Origins and Evolution of Maoism in Argentina, 1968–1971.” Labor History 59, no. 4 (2018): 454–471. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2018.1422382.
  • Moorman, M. J. “Airing the Politics of Nation: Radio in Angola, Past and Present.” In Radio in Africa: Publics, Cultures, Communities, edited by E. Gunner, D. Ligaga, and D. Moyo, 238–255. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2011.
  • Pano, N. C. “The Albanian Cultural Revolution.” Problems of Communism 23, no. 4 (1974): 44–57.
  • Pistrick, E. “Listening to ‘the Human Without a Soul’: Outline for an Audience-Centred History of Broadcasting in Communist Albania.” Muzikologija; Beograd 21, no. 21 (2016): 141–155. doi:https://doi.org/10.2298/MUZ1621141P.
  • Probst, U. “Die Kommunistischen Parteien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.” Zeitschrift für Politik 26, no. 1 (1979): 59–96.
  • Radchenko, S. Two Suns in the Heavens: The Sino-Soviet Struggle for Supremacy, 1962–1967. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2009.
  • Risso, L., ed. “Radio Wars: Broadcasting during the Cold War [Special Issue].” Cold War History 13, no. 2 (2013): 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2012.757134.
  • Robcis, C. “‘China in Our Heads’: Althusser, Maoism, and Structuralism.” Social Text 30, no. 1 110, March 20 (2012): 51–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-1468317.
  • Roberts, P., S. I. Levine, P. Vámos, D. Kaple, J. Friedman, D. A. Stiffler, and L. Lüthi. “Forum: Mao, Khrushchev, and China’s Split with the USSR. Perspectives on the Sino-Soviet Split.” Journal of Cold War Studies 12, no. 1 (2010): 120–160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2010.12.1.120.
  • Rodgers, D. T., B. Raman, and H. Reimitz, eds. Cultures in Motion. Princeton: University Press, 2014.
  • Roth-Ey, K. Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire That Lost the Cultural Cold War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011.
  • Scales, J. I. Cause at Heart: A Former Communist Remembers. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1987.
  • Schlomann, F. W., and P. Friedlingstein. Die Maoisten: Pekings Filialen in Westeuropa. Frankfurt: Societäta-Verlag, 1970.
  • Selivanov, I. N. “Moscow–Hanoi–Tirana Relations in the Context of the Split in the Socialist Camp.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 32, no. 2 (2017): 479–514. doi:https://doi.org/10.1355/sj32-2r.
  • Slobodian, Q. Foreign Front: Third World Politics in Sixties West Germany. Durham: Duke University Press, 2012.
  • Slobodian, Q. “The Borders of the Rechtsstaat in the Arab Autumn: Deportation and Law in West Germany, 1972/73.” German History 31, no. 2 (2013): 204–224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ght019.
  • Slobodian, Q. “Badge Books and Brand Books: The Mao Bible in East and West Germany.” In Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History, edited by A. C. Cook, 206–224. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Slobodian, Q. “The Maoist Enemy: China’s Challenge in 1960s East Germany.” Journal of Contemporary History 51, no. 3 (2016): 635–659. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009415580143.
  • Slobodian, Q. “The Meanings of Western Maoism.” In The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties: Between Protest and Nation-Building, edited by C. Jian, M. Klimke, M. Kirasirova, M. Nolan, M. Young, and J. Waley-Cohen, 67–78. New York: Routledge, 2018.
  • Spreen, D. “Dear Comrade Mugabe: Decolonization and Radical Protest in Divided Germany, 1960–1980.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 2019.
  • Spreen, D. “Radical Protest or Shadow Diplomacy? The Decolonization of Zimbabwe and West German Maoism, 1960–1980.” In Rethinking Social Movements after ’68: Selves and Solidarities in West Germany and Beyond, edited by F. Brühöfener, B. Davis, and S. Milder. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, forthcoming 2022.
  • Steffen, M. Geschichten vom Trüffelschwein: Politik und Organisation des Kommunistischen Bundes 1971 Bis 1991. Berlin: Assoziation a, 2002.
  • Stengl, A. Zur Geschichte der “K-Gruppen”: Marxisten-Leninisten in der BRD der siebziger Jahre. Frankfurt am Main: Zambon Verlag, 2011.
  • Stern, L. Western Intellectuals and the Soviet Union, 1920–40: From Red Square to the Left Bank. London: Routledge, 2009.
  • Terhoeven, P. Deutscher Herbst in Europa: Der Linksterrorismus der siebziger Jahre als transnationales Phänomen. Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2014.
  • Tompkins, A. “Grassroots Transnationalism(s): Franco-German Opposition to Nuclear Energy in the 1970s.” Contemporary European History 25, no. 1 (2016): 117–142. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777315000508.
  • Westad, O. A. Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945–1963. Cold War International History Project Series. Washington, DC: Stanford University Press, 1998.
  • Westad, O. A. The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Wilder, G. The French Imperial Nation-State: Negritude and Colonial Humanism between the Two World Wars. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Wolin, R. The Wind from the East: French Intellectuals, the Cultural Revolution, and the Legacy of the 1960s. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
  • Wunschik, T. Die maoistische KPD/ML und die Zerschlagung ihrer ‘Sektion DDR’ durch das MfS. BF Informiert 18/1997. Berlin: BStU Verlag, 1997.
  • Zagoria, D. S. The Sino-Soviet Conflict, 1956–1961. Princeton, NJ: University Press, 1962.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.