Evaluating anticancer activity of emodin by enhancing antioxidant activities and affecting PKC/ADAMTS4 pathway in thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

References

• Samant H, Amiri HS, Zibari GB. Addressing the worldwide hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, prevention and management. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021 Jul;12(Suppl 2):S361–S373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elewa MA, Al-Gayyar MM, Schaalan MF, et al. Hepatoprotective and anti-tumor effects of targeting MMP-9 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation to vascular invasion markers. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2015 Jun;32(5):479–493. doi:10.1007/s10585-015-9721-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sas Z, Cendrowicz E, Weinhauser I, et al. Tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma: challenges and opportunities for New treatment options. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 29;23(7).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzar GS, De BS, Abana CO, et al. Outcomes and toxicities of modern combined modality therapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 9;14(8).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer. 2019 Apr 15;144(8):1941–1953. doi:10.1002/ijc.31937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelwick R, Desanlis I, Wheeler GN, et al. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) family. Genome Biol. 2015 May 30;16:113, doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0676-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak R, Hrkac S, Salai G, et al. The role of ADAMTS-4 in atherosclerosis and vessel wall abnormalities. J Vasc Res. 2022;59(2):69–77. doi:10.1159/000521498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rienks M, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Mayr M. The emerging role of the ADAMTS family in vascular diseases. Circ Res. 2018 Dec 7;123(12):1279–1281. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton H, Melrose J, Little CB, et al. Proteoglycan degradation by the ADAMTS family of proteinases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Dec;1812(12):1616–1629. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznik-Trocha K, Winsz-Szczotka K, Lachor-Motyka I, et al. The effects of TNF-alpha inhibition on the metabolism of cartilage: relationship between KS, HA, HAPLN1 and ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, TOS and TGF-beta1 Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 4;11(7).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontanil T, Mohamedi Y, Cobo T, et al. Novel associations within the tumor microenvironment: fibulins meet ADAMTSs. Front Oncol. 2019;9:796, doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong X, Zeng Y, Liu Y, et al. Aloe-emodin: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res. 2020 Feb;34(2):270–281. doi:10.1002/ptr.6532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra S, Anjum J, Muni M, et al. Exploring the journey of emodin as a potential neuroprotective agent: novel therapeutic insights with molecular mechanism of action. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie. 2022 May;149:112877, doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stompor-Goracy M. The health benefits of emodin, a natural anthraquinone derived from rhubarb-A summary update. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 1;22(17).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshehri SA, Almarwani WA, Albalawi AZ, et al. Role of arctiin in fibrosis and apoptosis in experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Cureus. 2024 Jan;16(1):e51997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albalawi AZ, Alatawi AS, Al-Atwi SM, et al. Echinacoside ameliorates hepatic fibrosis and tumor invasion in rats with thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomol Biomed. 2024 Mar 10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elewa MAF, Eldehna WM, Hamdan AME, et al. WRH-2412 alleviates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through regulation of TGF-β/β-catenin/α-SMA pathway. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2023 Dec;38(1):2185761, doi:10.1080/14756366.2023.2185761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Far YM, Khodir AE, Noor AO, et al. Selective cytotoxic activity and protective effects of sodium ascorbate against hepatocellular carcinoma through its effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Redox Report: Communications in Free Radical Research. 2020 Dec;25(1):17–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayomi HS, Elsherbiny NM, El-Gayar AM, et al. Evaluation of renal protective effects of inhibiting TGF-β type I receptor in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2013 Nov 1;24(4):139–147. doi:10.1684/ecn.2014.0344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albalawi GA, Albalawi MZ, Alsubaie KT, et al. Curative effects of crocin in ulcerative colitis via modulating apoptosis and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 May;118:110138, doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsherbiny NM, Al-Gayyar MM, Abd El Galil KH. Nephroprotective role of dipyridamole in diabetic nephropathy: effect on inflammation and apoptosis. Life Sci 2015 Dec 15;143:8–17. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Far YM, Khodir AE, Emarah ZA, et al. Chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of genistein via inhibition of oxidative stress and the versican/PDGF/PKC signaling pathway in experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats by thioacetamide. Redox Report: Communications in Free Radical Research. 2022 Dec;27(1):9–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alattar A, Alshaman R, Al-Gayyar MMH. Therapeutic effects of sulforaphane in ulcerative colitis: effect on antioxidant activity, mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA polymerization. Redox Report: Communications in Free Radical Research. 2022 Dec;27(1):128–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagalagel A, Diri R, Noor A, et al. Curative effects of fucoidan on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor and phosphodiesterase-4. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022 Jul 23;22(1):196, doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03680-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alharbi KM, Alshehri SA, Almarwani WA, et al. Effects of cycloastragenol on Alzheimer's disease in rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2024 May 17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pang X, Shao L, Nie X, et al. Emodin attenuates silica-induced lung injury by inhibition of inflammation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Feb;91:107277, doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Chen H, Chen J, et al. Emodin sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to EGFR inhibitor through suppressing Stat3 signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:8463–8473. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S221877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu J, Cui CF, Yang L, et al. Emodin inhibits colon cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncol Res 2019 Feb 5;27(2):193–202. doi:10.3727/096504018X15150662230295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong X, Ni B, Fu J, et al. Emodin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepaRG cells via the mitochondrial caspasedependent pathway. Oncol Rep. 2018 Oct;40(4):1985–1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darweish MM, Abbas A, Ebrahim MA, et al. Chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of Epigallocatechin-gallate against hepatocellular carcinoma: role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;66(7):1032–1045. doi:10.1111/jphp.12229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawaguchi T, Nakano D, Koga H, et al. Effects of a DPP4 inhibitor on progression of NASH-related HCC and the p62/ Keap1/Nrf2-pentose phosphate pathway in a mouse model. Liver Cancer. 2019 Oct;8(5):359–372. doi:10.1159/000491763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun X, Ou Z, Chen R, et al. Activation of the p62-Keap1-NRF2 pathway protects against ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hepatology. 2016 Jan;63(1):173–184. doi:10.1002/hep.28251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh CN, Wu RC, Cheng CT, et al. HO-1 is a favorable prognostic factor for HBV-HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:6049–6059. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S186931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang L, Liu Y, Li J, et al. Emodin protects sepsis associated damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier through the VDR/ Nrf2 /HO-1 pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:724511, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.724511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SY, Jin ML, Ko MJ, et al. Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of emodin in LPS-stimulated microglia: involvement of AMPK/Nrf2 activation. Neurochem Res. 2016 Nov;41(11):2981–2992. doi:10.1007/s11064-016-2018-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mochizuki S, Okada Y. ADAMs in cancer cell proliferation and progression. Cancer Sci. 2007 May;98(5):621–628. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00434.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukaszewicz-Zajac M, Paczek S, Mroczko B. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family-novel biomarkers of selected gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancies? Cancers (Basel). 2022 May 6;14(9).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong X, Liu L, Xu F, et al. Feprazone ameliorates TNF-α-induced loss of aggrecan via inhibition of the SOX-4/ADAMTS-5 signaling pathway. ACS Omega. 2021 Mar 23;6(11):7638–7645. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c06212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santamaria S. ADAMTS-5: a difficult teenager turning 20. Int J Exp Pathol. 2020 Feb;101(1-2):4–20. doi:10.1111/iep.12344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim IM, Ackerson T, Ramakrishna S, et al. The Forkhead Box m1 transcription factor stimulates the proliferation of tumor cells during development of lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2006 Feb 15;66(4):2153–2161. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casagrande V, Iuliani G, Menini S, et al. Restoration of renal TIMP3 levels via genetics and pharmacological approach prevents experimental diabetic nephropathy. Clin Transl Med. 2021 Feb;11(2):e305, doi:10.1002/ctm2.305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto G, Shimoda M, Okada Y. ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase-1) interaction with the C-terminal domain of fibronectin inhibits proteolysis of aggrecan. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 30;279(31):32483–32491. doi:10.1074/jbc.M314216200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalczyk K, Cymbaluk-Ploska A. Metalloproteinases in Endometrial Cancer-Are They Worth Measuring? Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 19;22(22).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy R, Morad G, Jedinak A, et al. Metalloproteinases and their roles in human cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020 Jun;303(6):1557–1572. doi:10.1002/ar.24188
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy R, Yang J, Moses MA. Matrix metalloproteinases As novel biomarker s and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 1;27(31):5287–5297. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.23.5556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umachandran S, Mohamed W, Jayaraman M, et al. A PKC that controls polyphosphate levels, pinocytosis and exocytosis, regulates stationary phase onset in Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci. 2022 May 1;135(9).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyagi K, Roy A. Evaluating the current status of protein kinase C (PKC)-protein kinase D (PKD) signalling axis as a novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021 Jan;1875(1):188496, doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen P. Protein kinases - the major drug targets of the twenty-first century? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2002 Apr;1(4):309–315. doi:10.1038/nrd773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parihar SP, Ozturk M, Marakalala MJ, et al. Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ), a marker of inflammation and tuberculosis disease progression in humans, is important for optimal macrophage killing effector functions and survival in mice. Mucosal Immunol. 2018 Mar;11(2):496–511. doi:10.1038/mi.2017.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Sun L, Nie Y, et al. Protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) attenuates bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Front Physiol. 2020;11:367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman MB, Kim JS, An HS, et al. The pathophysiologic role of the protein kinase Cδ pathway in the intervertebral discs of rabbits and mice: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jun;64(6):1950–1959. doi:10.1002/art.34337
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teleanu RI, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, et al. Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer treatment. J Clin Med. 2019 Dec 29;9(1).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfair BM, Jabarti AA, Albalawi SS, et al. Arctiin inhibits inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor cell migration in rats With ehrlich solid carcinoma. Cureus. 2023 Sep;15(9):e44987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar