Bibliography
- Anderson, Benedict. “Cacique Democracy and the Philippines: Origins and Dreams.” New Left Review 169 (1988): 3–31.
- Aspinall, Edward. “Democratization and Ethnic Politics in Indonesia: Nine Theses.” Journal of East Asian Studies 11, no. 2 (2011): 289–319.
- Aspinall, Clive. “Small-Scale Mining in Indonesia.” Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development 79 (September 2001): 1–30.
- Aspinall, Edward, and Allen Hicken. “Guns for Hire and Enduring Machines: Clientelism Beyond Parties in Indonesia and the Philippines.” Democratization 27, no. 1 (2020): 137–156.
- Buehler, Michael. “The Ephemeral Nature of Local Political Monopolies.” In Handbook of Contemporary Indonesia, edited by Robert H. Hefner, 106–117. New York: Routledge, 2018.
- Buehler, Michael, and Ronnie Nataatmadja. “A Research Agenda for Studying Legislative Incumbent Turnover in New Democracies, Using Indonesia as a Case Study.” South East Asia Research 27, no. 3 (2019): 203–224.
- Coronel, Sheila S., Yvonne T. Chua, Luz Rimban, and Booma B. Cruz. The Rulemakers: How the Wealthy and Well-Born Dominate Congress. Manila: Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, 2004.
- Crouch, Harold. “Patrimonialism and Military Rule in Indonesia.” World Politics 31, no. 4 (1978): 571–587.
- Cullinane, Michael. “Patron as Client: Warlord Politics and the Duranos of Danao.” In An Anarchy of Families: State and Family in the Philippines, edited by Alfred W. McCoy, 163–242. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009.
- Faizal, Akbar, and Husain Syam. “Switching Party and Anti-Defection Law: Implementation and Impact on Democracy in Indonesia.” Helix 9, no. 1 (2019): 4818–4822.
- Grzymala-Busse, Anna. “Consequences of Authoritarian Party Exit and Reinvention for Democratic Competition.” Comparative Political Studies (2020). doi:0010414019897683.
- Hale, Henry E. “Explaining Machine Politics in Russia’s Regions: Economy, Ethnicity, and Legacy.” Post-Soviet Affairs 19, no. 3 (2003): 228–263.
- Hart, Gilian. Power, Labor, and Livelihood: Process of Change in Rural Java. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
- Hazan, Reuven Y., and Gideon Rahat. Democracy within Parties: Candidate Selection Methods and their Political Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Holtzappel, Coen JG, and Eds Martin Ramstedt, eds. Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009.
- Kessler, Richard J. “Politics Philippine Style, Circa 1984.” Asian Survey 24, no. 12 (1984): 1209–1228.
- King, Dwight Y. “The 1999 Electoral Reforms in Indonesia: Debate, Design and Implementation.” Asian Journal of Social Science 28, no. 2 (2000): 89–110.
- Landé, Carl Herman. Post-Marcos Politics: A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1996.
- LeBas, Adrienne. “The Survival of Authoritarian Successor Parties in Africa: Organizational Legacies or Competitive Landscapes?” In Life After Dictatorship: Authoritarian Successor Parties Worldwide, edited by James Loxton, and Scott Mainwaring, 206–228. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
- Levitsky, Steven. Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America: Argentine Peronism in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
- Liddle, R. William. “The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation.” The Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 3 (1996): 613–634.
- Loxton, James, and Scott Mainwaring, eds. Life After Dictatorship: Authoritarian Successor Parties Worldwide. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
- Magaloni, Beatriz. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico. Vol. 296. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
- Magenda, Burhan Djaber. “The Surviving Aristocracy in Indonesia: Politics in Three Provinces of the Outer Islands.” PhD diss., Cornell University, 1989.
- Mainwaring, Scott, ed. Party Systems in Latin America: Institutionalization, Decay, and Collapse. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
- Malley, Michael. “Resources Distribution, State Coherence, and the Changing Level of Political Centralization in Indonesia, 1950–1997.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1999.
- McMann, Kelly. Economic Autonomy and Democracy: Hybrid Regimes in Russia and Kyrgyzstan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
- Mietzner, Marcus. Money, Power, and Ideology: Political Parties in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia. Singapore: NUS press, 2013.
- Mietzner, Marcus. Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009.
- Mickey, Robert. Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America’s Deep South, 1944–1972. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.
- Pincus, Jonathan. Class Power and Agrarian Change. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.
- Quimpo, Nathan Gilbert. “The Philippines: Political Parties and Corruption.” Southeast Asian Affairs (2007): 277–294.
- Riedl, Rachel Beatty. “Authoritarian Successor Parties in Sub-Saharan Africa: Into the Wilderness and Back Again?” In Life after Dictatorship: Authoritarian Successor Parties Worldwide, edited by James Loxton, and Scott Mainwaring, 175–205. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
- Rist, Lucy, Laurene Feintrenie, and Patrice Levang. “The Livelihood Impacts of Palm Oil.” Biodiversity and Conservation 19, no. 4 (2010): 1009–1024.
- Scott, James C. “Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change.” American Political Science Review 63, no. 4 (1969): 1142–1158.
- Sidel, John T. “Economic Foundations of Subnational Authoritarianism: Insights and Evidence From Qualitative and Quantitative Research.” Democratization 21, no. 1 (2014): 161–184.
- Sidel, John Thayer. Capital, Coercion, and Crime: Bossism in the Philippines. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
- Sidel, John T. “Macet Total: Logics of Circulation and Accumulation in the Demise of Indonesia's New Order.” Indonesia 66 (1998): 159–195.
- Slater, Dan. Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
- Steffen, Lincoln. The Shame of the Cities. New York: McLure, 1902.
- Stepan, Alfred C. Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
- Timberman, David G. A Changeless Land: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics. Singapore: Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991.
- Tomsa, Dirk. “Party System Fragmentation in Indonesia: The Subnational Dimension.” Journal of East Asian Studies 14, no. 2 (2014): 249–278.
- Tomsa, Dirk. Party Politics and Democratization in Indonesia: Golkar in the Post-Suharto era. London: Routledge, 2008.
- Tomsa, Dirk. “The Defeat of Centralized Paternalism: Factionalism, Assertive Regional Cadres, and the Long Fall of Golkar Chairman Akbar Tandjung.” Indonesia 81 (2006): 1–22.
- Villegas, Bernardo M. “The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos era.” Asian Survey 27, no. 2 (1987): 194–205.
- Villegas, Bernardo M. “The Philippines in 1985: Rolling with the Political Punches.” Asian Survey 26, no. 2 (1986): 127–140.