Advanced search
Publication Cover
Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research Volume 28, 2015 - Issue 2
Submit an article Journal homepage
388
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Untying the Knot? Assessing the compatibility of the American and European strategic culture under President Obama

Benjamin ZylaSchool of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, CanadaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
Pages 104-126 | Received 06 Dec 2013, Accepted 26 Feb 2015, Published online: 23 Apr 2015

References

  • Aberbach, J. D., R. D Putnam, and B. A. Rockman. 1981. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Ajami, F. 2003. “Iraq and the Arab’s Future.” Foreign Affairs 82 (1): 2–18. doi:10.2307/20033424.
  • Almond, G. A., and S. Verba. 1965. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Andreani, G. [2004] 2005. “The ‘War on Terror’: Good Cause, Wrong Concept.” Survival 46 (4): 31–50. doi:10.1080/00396330412331342446.
  • Baltz, D. 2003. “President Puts Onus Back on Iraqi Leader.” The Washington Post, March 7, p. A1. https://global-factiva-com.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=wp00000020030307dz3700062&cat=a&ep=ASE.
  • Barnes, B. 2001. “Practice as Collective Action.” In The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory, edited by T. R. Schatzki, K. Knorr-Cetina, and E. V. Savigny, 17–28. New York: Routledge.
  • Benedict, R. 1946. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Berenskoetter, F. S. 2005. “Mapping the Mind Gap: A Comparison of US and European Strategies.” Security Dialogue 36 (1): 71–92. doi:10.1177/0967010605051925.
  • Berger, T. U. 1996. “Changing Norms of Defense and Security in Japan and Germany.” In The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, edited by P. J. Katzenstein, 317–356. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Berger, T. U. 1998. Cultures of Antimilitarism: National Security in Germany and Japan. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Biehl, H., S. Giegerich, and A. Jonas 2013. Strategic Cultures in Europe. Berlin: Springer.
  • Biscop, S. 2005. The European Security Strategy: A Global Agenda for a Positive Power. Hants: Ashgate.
  • Bozo, F. 2005. Mitterand, la fin de la guerre froide et l’unification allemande. De Yalta à Maastricht [Mitterand, the End of the Cold War and the Unification of Germany. From Yalta to Maastricht]. Paris: Odile Jacob.
  • Bundesministerium der Verteidigung (BMVg). 2006. Weissbuch 2006 zur Sicherheitspolitik Deutschlands und zur Zukunft der Bundeswehr [Department of Defence, Germany, White Paper 2006: Security Policy for Germany and the Future of the German Armed Forces]. Berlin: Bundesministerium der Verteidigung.
  • Bundesministerium der Verteidigung (BMVg). 2011. Defence Policy Guidelines, 27 May, 2011: Safeguarding National Interests-assuming International Responsibility-Shaping Security Together. Berlin: Bundesministerium der Verteidigung [Berlin: Ministry of Defence].
  • Bulmer, S., and W. E. Paterson. 2010. “Germany and the European Union: From ‘Tamed Power’ to Normalized Power?” International Affairs 86 (5): 1051–1073. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00928.x.
  • Buzan, B., O. Wæver, and J. D. Wilde. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
  • Cabinet Office. 2010. A Strong Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The National Security Strategy. London: Cabinet Office.
  • Cameron, F. 2002. “Utilitarian Multilateralism: The Implications of 11 September 2001 -for US Foreign Policy.” Politics 22 (2): 68–75. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.00161.
  • Cameron, F. 2007. An Introduction to European Foreign Policy. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Campbell, D. 1998. Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 2006. National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction. Washinton, DC: Department of Defence.
  • Cornish, P. 2013. “United Kingdom.” In Strategic Cultures in Europe: Security and Defense Policies across the Continent, edited by H. Biehl, S. Giegerich, and A. Jonas, 371–386. Berlin: Springer.
  • Cornish, P., and G. Edwards. 2001. “Beyond the EU/NATO Dichotonomy: The Beginnings of a European Strategic Culture.” International Affairs 77 (3): 587–603. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.00208.
  • Council on Foreign Relations. 2004. Renewing the Atlantic Partnership. Task Force Report No. 51. Washington, DC: CFR.
  • Daalder, I. H., and J. M. Lindsay. 2005. America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Dannreuther, R., and J. Peterson, eds. 2006. Security Strategy and Transatlantic Relations. London: Routledge.
  • Duffield, J. S. 1998. World Power Forsaken: Political Culture, International Institutions, and German Security Policy after Unification. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Eckstein, H. 1988. “A Culturalist Theory of Political Change.” American Political Science Review 82 (3): 789–804. doi:10.2307/1962491.
  • Elkins, D. J., and R. E. B. Simeon. 1979. “A Cause in Search of Its Effect, or What Does Political Culture Explain?” Comparative Politics 11 (2): 127–145. doi:10.2307/421752.
  • European Council. 2003. A Secure Europe in a Better World: European Security Strategy. Brussels: European Council.
  • European Council. 2008. Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy: Providing Security in a Changing World. S407/08, Brussels.
  • Farrell, T., and T. Terriff. 2002. The Sources of Military Change: Culture, Politics, Technology. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
  • Finnemore, M. 2003. The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Finnemore, M., and K. Sikkink. 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52 (4): 887–917. doi:10.1162/002081898550789.
  • Fox, R. 2005. “GWOT Is History. Now for SAVE.” New Statesman, August 8.
  • Freedman, L. 2006. The Transformation of Strategic Affairs. 379 vol. London: IISS.
  • Gaddis, J. L. 2004. Surprise, Security, and the American Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Gareis, S. B. 2005. “Sicherheitspolitik zwischen‘Mars und Venus’? Die Sicherheitsstrategien der USA und der EU im Vergleich [Security Policy between Mars and Venus? The Security Strategies of the USA and the EU in Comparison].” In Die Beziehungen zwischen NATO und EU: Partnerschaft, Konkurrenz, Rivalitaet? [The Relationship between NATO and the EU: Partnership, Competition, Rivalry?], edited by J. Varwick, 81–96. Opladen: Verlag Barbara Buderich.
  • Ghez, J., and S. Larrabee. 2009. “France and NATO.” Survival 51 (2): 77–90. doi:10.1080/00396330902860819.
  • Giegerich, B. 2006. European Security and Strategic Culture: National Responses to the EU’s Security and Defence Policy. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
  • Giegerich, B. 2007. “European Positions and American Responses: ESDP-NATO Compatibility.” In European Foreign Policy in an Evolving International System, edited by N. Casarini and C. Musu, 43–56. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gilch, A. 2005. Das Parlamentsbeteiligungsgesetz: die Auslandsentsendung der Bundeswehr und deren verfahrensrechtliche Ausgestaltung [The Deployment of the Bundeswehr Abroad and Its Procedural Design]. Würzburg: Universität Würzburg.
  • Gnesotto, N. 1998. L’Europe et la puissance [Europe and Power]. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po.
  • Gnesotto, N. 2004. European Defence: A Proposal for a White Paper. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.
  • Goldstone, J. E. A. 2000. Failure Task Force Report: Phase III Findings. McLean, VA: Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).
  • Gordon, P. H. 2003. “Bush’s Middle East Vision.” Survival 45 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1080/00396330312331343366.
  • Gray, C. S. 1999. “Strategic Culture as Context: The First Generation of Theory Strikes Back.” Review of International Studies 25 (1): 49–69. doi:10.1017/S0260210599000492.
  • Gray, C. S. 1981. “National Style in Strategy: The American Example.” International Security 6 (2): 21–47. doi:10.2307/2538645.
  • Gray, C. S. 1984. “Comparative Strategic Culture.” Parameters XIV (4): 26–33. http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/1984/1984%20gray.pdf.
  • Gurtov, M. 2006. Superpower on Crusade: The Bush Doctrine in US Foreign Policy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
  • Haglund, D. G. 2004. “What Good Is Strategic Culture? A Modest Defence of an Immodest Concept.” International Journal 59 (3): 479–502. doi:10.2307/40203951.
  • Haglund, D. G. 2011. “‘Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off’? Security Culture as Strategic Culture.” Contemporary Security Policy 32 (3): 494–516. doi:10.1080/13523260.2011.623053.
  • Heiselberg, S. 2003. Pacifism or Activism: Towards a Common Strategic Culture within the European Security and Defence Policy? IIS Working Paper 2003/4. Copenhagen: Institute for International Studies.
  • Hemmer, C. 2011. “Continuity and Change in the Obama Administration’s National Security Strategy.” Comparative Strategy 30 (3): 268–277. doi:10.1080/01495933.2011.587685.
  • HM Government. 2010. Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review Cm.7948. London: TSO.
  • Howorth, J. 2002. “The CESDP and the Forging of a European Security Culture.” Politique Europèenne 8: 88–108. doi:10.3917/poeu.008.0088.
  • Howorth, J. 2007. Security and Defence Policy in the European Union. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Howorth, J. 2010. “What’s in it for France? Prodigal Son or Trojan Horse?” European Security 19 (1): 11–28. doi:10.1080/09662839.2010.502891.
  • Hurrell, A. 2002. “Norms and Ethics in International Relations.” In Handbook of International Relations, edited by W. Carlsnaes, B. A. Simmons, and T. Risse-Kappen, 137–154. London: Sage.
  • Hymans, J. E. C. 2006. The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation: Identity, Emotions and Foreign Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Irondelle, B., and O. Schmitt 2013. “France.” In Strategic Cultures in Europe, edited by H. Biehl, S. Giegerich, and A. Jonas, 125–37. Berlin: Springer.
  • Jervis, R. 2003. “Understanding the Bush Doctrine.” Political Science Quarterly 118 (3): 365–388. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00398.x.
  • Johnson, J. L., K. M. Kartchner, and J. A. Larsen, eds. 2008. Strategic Culture and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Culturally Based Insights into Comparative National Security Policymaking. New York: Palgrave/Macmillan.
  • Johnston, A. I. 1995a. Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Johnston, A. I. 1995b. “Thinking about Strategic Culture.” International Security 19 (4): 32–64. doi:10.2307/2539119.
  • Johnson, M. T. 2006. Transatlantic Security Values: Hegemonic versus Shared Power. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Jørgensen, K. E. 1997. “Western Europe and the Petersberg Tasks.” In European Approaches to Crisis Management, edited by K. E. Jørgensen, 131–151. The Hague, Boston: Kluwer Law International.
  • Junk, J., and C. Daase. 2013. “Internationale Schutzverantwortung – Normative Erwartungen und politische Praxis.” Review of. Friedens-Warte – Journal of International Peace and Organization 88: 1–2.
  • Kagan, R. 2002. “Power and Weakness.” Policy Review 113: 3–29. http://search.proquest.com.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/docview/216428794?accountid=14701.
  • Kagan, R. 2004. Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Kammel, A. 2011. “Putting Ideas into Action: EU Civilian Operations in Africa.” Contemporary Security Policy 32 (3): 625–643. doi:10.1080/13523260.2011.623064.
  • Kammel, A., and B. Zyla. 2011. “Looking for a ‘Berlin-Plus in Reverse’? NATO in Search of a New Strategic Concept.” Orbis 55 (4): 648–662. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2011.07.003.
  • Karp, R. 2009. “Germany: A ‘Normal’ Global Actor?” German Politics 18 (1): 12–35. doi:10.1080/09644000802649304.
  • Katzenstein, P. J. 1996. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Keulman, K. 2006. European Security and Defence Policy: The EU’s Search for a Strategic Role. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Kier, E. 1997. Imagining War: French and British Military Doctrine between the Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Kirchner, E. J., and J. Sperling. 2002. “The New Security Threats in Europe.” European Foreign Affairs Review 7 (4): 423–452. http://resolver.scholarsportal.info.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/resolve/13846299/v07i0004/423_tnstietae.xml.
  • Kirchner, E. J., and J. Sperling. 2007. Global Security Governance: Competing Perceptions of Security in the 21st Century. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.
  • Klein, B. 1988. “Hegemony and Strategic Culture: American Power Projection and Alliance Defence Politics.” Review of International Studies 14 (2): 133–148. doi:10.1017/S026021050011335X.
  • Klein, B. S. 1994. Strategic Studies and World Order. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Klotz, A. 1995a. Norms in International Relations: The Struggle against Apartheid. Ithaka, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Klotz, A. 1995b. “Norms Reconstituting Interests: Global Racial Equality and U.S. Sanctions against South Africa.” International Organization 49 (3): 451–478. doi:10.1017/S0020818300033348.
  • Krasner, S. D. 1984. “Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics.” Comparative Politics 16 (2): 223–246. doi:10.2307/421608.
  • Krasner, S. D. 1988. “Sovereignty: An Institutional Perspective.” Comparative Political Studies 21 (1): 66–94. doi:10.1177/0010414088021001004.
  • Kratochwil, F. V. 2000. “How Do Norms Matter?” In The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law, edited by M. Byers, 35–68. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Krauthammer, C. [1990] 1991. “The Unipolar Moment.” Foreign Affairs 70 (1): 23–33. doi:10.2307/20044692.
  • Kundnani, H. 2011. “Germany as a Geo-economic Power.” Washington Quarterly 34 (3): 31–45. doi:10.1080/0163660X.2011.587950.
  • Kupchan, C. 1994. The Vulnerability of Empire. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Kurlantzick, J. 2006. “After the Bush Doctrine: The Fight for Republican Foreign Policy.” The New Republic, 19–23.
  • Leffler, M. P., and J. Legro. 2008. To Lead the World: American Strategy after the Bush Doctrine. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Legro, J. 1995. Cooperation under Fire: Anglo-German Restraint during World War II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Lijphart, A. 1980. “The Structure of Inference.” In The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, edited by G. A. Almond and S. Verba, 37–56. Boston: Little Brown.
  • Lock, E. 2010. “Refining Strategic Culture: Return of the Second Generation.” Review of International Studies 36 (3): 685–708. doi:10.1017/S0260210510000276.
  • Longhurst, K. 2004. Germany and the Use of Force – The Evolution of Germany Security Policy 1990-2003. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Longhurst, K., and M. Zaborowski, eds. 2005. Old Europe, New Europe and the Transatlantic Security Agenda. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lundestad, G. 2008. Just Another Major Crisis?: The United States and Europe since 2000. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Massie, J. 2008. “Regional Strategic Subcultures? Canadians and the Use of Force in Afghanistan and Iraq.” Canadian Foreign Policy 14 (2): 19–48. doi:10.1080/11926422.2008.9673461.
  • McDougall, W. A. 1997. Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounter with the World since 1776. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Mead, W. R. 2001. Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World. 1st ed. New York: Knopf.
  • Merlini, C. 2002. “US Hegemony and the Roman Analogy: A European View.” International Spectator 37 (3): 19–30. doi:10.1080/03932720208456986.
  • Meyer, C. O. 2005. “Convergence towards a European Strategic Culture? A Constructivist Framework for Explaining Changing Norms.” European Journal of International Relations 11 (4): 523–549. doi:10.1177/1354066105057899.
  • Miles, J. 2002. “Waiting Out North Korea.” Survival 44 (2): 37–50. doi:10.1093/survival/44.2.37.
  • Montgomery, A. H. 2005. “Ringing in Proliferation: How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb Network.” International Security 30 (2): 153–187. doi:10.1162/016228805775124543.
  • Meunier, S. 2008. “France and the World, from Chirac to Sarkozy.” In Developments in French Politics 4, edited by A. Cole, A. Cole, S. Meunier, and V. Tiberj, 244–256. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Neumann, I. B., and H. Heikka. 2005. “Grand Strategy, Strategic Culture, Practice: The Social Roots of Nordic Defence.” Cooperation and Conflict 40 (1): 5–23. doi:10.1177/0010836705049731.
  • Neumann, I. B., and Welsh, J. M. 1991. “The ‘Other’ in European Self-definition: An Addendum to the Literature on International Society.” Review of International Studies 17 (4): 327–348. doi:10.2307/20097270.
  • Norheim-Martinsen, P. M. 2011. “EU Strategic Culture: When the Means Becomes the End.” Contemporary Security Policy 32 (3): 517–534. doi:10.1080/13523260.2011.623055.
  • Norheim-Martinsen, P. M. 2013. The European Union and Military Force: Government and Strategy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nye, J. S. 1990. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: Basic Books.
  • Nye, J. S. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. 1st ed. New York: Public Affairs.
  • Paterson, W. E. 2011. “The Reluctant Hegemon? Germany Moves Centre Stage in the European Union.” Review of Annual Review of the Journal of Common Market Studies 49: 59–77.
  • Peters, I. 2011. “Strategic Culture and Multilateralism: The Interplay of the EU and the UN in Conflict and Crisis Management.” Contemporary Security Policy 32 (3): 644–666. doi:10.1080/13523260.2011.623065.
  • Pond, E. 2004. Friendly Fire: The Near-death of the Transatlantic Alliance. Washington, DC: Brooking’s Institution Press.
  • Posen, B. R. 2003. “Commandos of the Commons: Military Foundation of U.S. Hegemony.” International Security 28 (1): 5–47. doi:10.1162/016228803322427965.
  • Putnam, R. D. 1971. “Studying Elite Political Culture: The Case of ‘Ideology’.” American Political Science Review 65 (3): 651–681. doi:10.2307/1955512.
  • Pye, L. W. 1973. “Culture and Political Science: Problems in the Evaluation of the Concept of Political Culture.” In The Idea of Culture in the Social Sciences, edited by L. Schneider and C. M. Bonjean, 65–76. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rawls, J. 1955. “Two Concepts of Justice.” Philosophical Review 64 (1): 3–33. doi:10.2307/2182230.
  • Rotte, R., and C. Schwarz. 2010. “The New National Security Strategy of the United States: More Appearance than Reality?” Politische Studien 61 (433): 72–81.
  • Ruggie, J. G. 1983. “Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Towards a Neo-realist Synthesis.” World Politics 35 (2): 261–285. doi:10.2307/2010273.
  • Ruggie, J. G. 1993. “Territoriality and beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations.” International Organization 47 (1): 139–174. doi:10.2307/2706885.
  • Ruggie, J. G. 1998. “What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge.” International Organization 52 (4): 855–884. doi:10.2307/2601360.
  • Rynning, S. 2003. “European Union: Towards a Strategic Culture?” Security Dialogue 34 (4): 479–496. doi:10.1177/0967010603344007.
  • Sagan, S. D. 1996. “Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons? Three Models in Search of a Bomb.” International Security 21 (3): 54–86. doi:10.2307/2539273.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. 2003. The EU, NATO and the Integration of Europe: Rules and Rhetorik. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schley, N. 2006. “Transatlantic Relations in a New World Order.” In From Alliance to Coalitions – The Future of Transatlantic Relations, edited by W. Weidenfeld, C. Koch-Weseer, and C. F. Bergsten, 77–88. Guetersloh: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung.
  • Schmidt, P., and B. Zyla. 2013. National vs. Transnational Security Cultures in Europe: ESDP Operations as the Test Case? London: Routledge.
  • Searle, J. R. 1995. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press.
  • Sloan, S. R. 2005. NATO, the European Union, and the Atlantic Community: The Transatlantic Bargain Challenged. 2nd ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Snyder, J. L. 1977. The Soviet Strategic Culture: Implications for Limited Nuclear Operations. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
  • Snyder, J. L. 1990. “The Concept of Strategic Culture: Caveat Emptor.” In Strategic Power USA/USSR, edited by C. G. Jacobsen, 3–9. London: Macmillan.
  • Solingen, E. 2007. Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia & the Middle East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Terriff, T., and A. J. Child. 2009. “Confronting Reality: President Obama’s Two War Inheritance.” Journal of Military and Strategic Studies 11 (2): 1–43. http://www.jmss.org/jmss/index.php/jmss/article/view/25/23.
  • The French White Paper on Defence and National Security. 2008. Paris.
  • Trachtenberg, D. M. 2004. “Finding the Forest among the Trees: The Bush Administration’s National Security Policy.” Comparative Strategy 23 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1080/01495930490274481.
  • Vaisse, J. 2007. Transformational Diplomacy. Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies.
  • Vennesson, P. 2007. “Europe’s Grand Strategy: The Search for a Postmodern Realism.” In European Foreign Policy in an Evolving International System, edited by N. Casarini and C. Musu, 12–26. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Vertzberger, Y. 1990. The World in Their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decision Making. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Wendt, A. 1995. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security 20 (1): 71–81. doi:10.2307/2539217.
  • Wendt, A. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • White House. 2002. The National Security Strategy of the United States of America. Washington, DC: White House.
  • White House. 2006. The National Security Strategy of the United States of America. Washington, DC: White House.
  • White House. 2010. The National Security Strategy of the United States of America. Washington, DC: White House.
  • Woodward, B. 2004. Plan of attack. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Zyla, B. 2006. “How the EU Supports the Bush Doctrine.” Review of European and Russian Affairs 2 (2): 5–27. http://carleton.ca/rera/wp-content/uploads/vol2-2-Zyla.pdf.
  • Zyla, B. 2007. “Multilateralism a la carte? – The George W. Bush Administration and Traditions of US Foreign Policy.” WeltTrends, Zeitschrift für Internationale Politik und Vergleichende Studien [WeltTrends: Journal for International Politics and Comparative Studies] 51 (Sommer): 113–125.
  • Zyla, B. 2011. “Overlap or Opposition EU and NATO’s Strategic (Sub-)Culture.” Contemporary Security Policy 32 (3): 667–687. doi:10.1080/13523260.2011.623066.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.