Unpacking the social innovation ecosystem: an empirically grounded typology of empowering network constellations

References

• Aiken, G. T. 2019. “Community as Tool for Low Carbon Transitions: Involvement and Containment, Policy and Action.” Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37: 732–749. doi:10.1177/2399654418791579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akrich, M., M. Callon, B. Latour, and A. Monaghan. 2002. “The Key to Success in Innovation Part I: The Art of Interessement.” International Journal of Innovation Management 6 (02): 187–206.
   Google Scholar
• Amanatidou, E., D. Cox, and D. Gagliardi. 2018. “Social Engagement: Towards a Typology of Social Innovation.” In MIOIR/MBS Working Paper Series-Working Paper 82.
   Google Scholar
• Autio, E., and L. Thomas. 2014. “Innovation Ecosystems.” In The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, edited by M. Dodgson, D.M. Gann, and N. Phillps, 204–288. Oxford: OUP.
   Google Scholar
• Avelino, F. 2017. “Power in Sustainability Transitions: Analysing Power and (dis)Empowerment in Transformative Change Towards Sustainability.” Environmental Policy and Governance 27 (6): 505–520. doi:10.1002/eet.1777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avelino, F., J. M. Wittmayer, B. Pel, P. Weaver, A. Dumitru, A. Haxeltine, R. Kemp, et al. 2019. “Transformative Social Innovation and (Dis)Empowerment: Towards a Heuristic.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 145: 195–206. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayob, N., S. Teasdale, and K. Fagan. 2016. “How Social Innovation ‘Came to Be’: Tracing the Evolution of a Contested Concept.” Journal of Social Policy 45 (4): 635–653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekkers, V., J. Edelenbos, and B. Steijn, eds. 2011. Innovation in the Public Sector. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Benford, R. D., and D. A. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26 (2000): 611–639.
   Google Scholar
• Biggeri, M., E. Testi, and M. Bellucci. 2017. “Enabling Ecosystems for Social Enterprises and Social Innovation: A Capability Approach Perspective.” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 18 (2): 299–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard, M. J., C. Trudelle, L. Briand, J. L. Klein, B. Lévesque, D. Longtin, and M. Pelletier. 2015. “A Relational Database to Understand Social Innovation and Its Impact on Social Transformation.” In New Frontiers in Social Innovation Research, edited by Alex Nicholls, Julie Simon, and Madeleine Gabriel, 69–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Callorda Fossati, E., F. Degavre, and M. Nyssens. 2017. “How to Deal with an “Essentially Contested Concept” on the Field? Sampling Social Innovations Through the Delphi Method.” European Public & Social Innovation Review 1 (2): 45–58.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, H. 2011. “Social Entrepreneurs in the Social Innovation Ecosystem.” In Social Innovation: Blurring Boundaries to Reconfigure Markets, edited by A. Nicholls and A. Murdock, 199–220. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Castells, M. 2010. The Rise of the Network Society, Vol. I. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. doi:10.2307/1252090.
   Google Scholar
• Castells, M. 2015. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clegg, S., E. Josserand, A. Mehra, and T. S. Pitsis. 2016. “The Transformative Power of Network Dynamics: a Research Agenda.” Organization Studies 37 (3): 277–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier, D., J. LaPorte, and J. Seawright. 2012. “Putting Typologies to Work: Concept Formation, Measurement, and Analytic Rigor.” Political Research Quarterly 65 (1): 217–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czarniawska, B., and B. Joerges. 1996. Travels of Ideas. Translating Organizational Change. Göteborg: Göteborg University-School of Economics and Commercial Law/Gothenburg Research Institute. (p. 13–48).
   Google Scholar
• Davis, J. E. 2002. Stories of Change. Narrative and Social Movements. Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Defourny, J., and M. Nyssens. 2008. “Social Enterprise in Europe: Recent Trends and Developments.” Social Enterprise Journal 4 (3): 202–228.
   Google Scholar
• Dey, P., and S. Teasdale. 2016. “The Tactical Mimicry of Social Enterprise Strategies: Acting ‘as if’ in the Everyday Life of Third Sector Organizations.” Organization 23 (4): 485–504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domanski, D., and C. Kaletka. 2018. “Lokale Ökosysteme sozialer Innovation verstehen und gestalten.” In Soziale Innovationen lokal gestalten, edited by Hans-Werner Franz and Christoph Kaletka, 291–308. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Doty, D. H., and W. H. Glick. 1994. “Typologies as a Unique Form of Theory Building: Toward Improved Understanding and Modelling.” Academy of Management Review 19 (2): 230–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K. M., and M. E. Graebner. 2007. “Theory Building From Cases: Opportunities and Challenges.” Academy of Management Journal 50 (1): 25–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elman, C. 2009. “Explanatory Typologies in Qualitative Analysis.” In The Sage Handbook of Case-Based Methods, edited by D. Byrne, and C. Ragin, 121–131. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Emirbayer, M. 1997. “Manifesto for a Relational Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 103 (2): 281–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H., and L. Leydesdorff. 2000. “The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and ‘Mode 2’ to a Triple Helix of University–Industry–Government Relations.” Research Policy 29 (2): 109–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezrahi, Y. 2004. “Science and the Political Imagination in Contemporary Democracies.” In States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and the Social Order, edited by S. Jasanoff, 254–273. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fiss, P. C. 2011. “Building Better Causal Theories: A Fuzzy Set Approach to Typologies in Organization Research.” Academy of Management Journal 54 (2): 393–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fligstein, N., and D. McAdam. 2011. “Toward a General Theory of Strategic Action Fields.” Sociological Theory 29 (1): 1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franz, H. W., J. Hochgerner, and J. Howaldt. 2012. “Challenge Social Innovation: An Introduction.” In Challenge Social Innovation, edited by H.W. Franz, J. Hochgerner, and J. Howaldt, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Greiner, C., and P. Sakdapolrak. 2013. “Translocality: Concepts, Applications and Emerging Research Perspectives.” Geography Compass 7 (5): 373–384. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gec3.12048.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, R., C. Fox, S. Baines, and K. Albertson. 2013. “Social Innovation, an Answer to Contemporary Societal Challenges? Locating the Concept in Theory and Practice.” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 26 (4): 436–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haxeltine, A., B. Pel, A. Dumitru, F. Avelino, R. Kemp, F. Bauler, T. Kunze, et al. 2017a. “Towards a TSI Theory: A Relational Framework and 12 Propositions.” TRANSIT working paper 16. TRANSIT. http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/resource-hub/towards-a-tsi-theory-a-relational-framework-and-12-propositions-transit-working-paper-16-december-2017.
   Google Scholar
• Haxeltine, A., B. Pel, J. Wittmayer, A. Dumitru, R. Kemp, and A. Avelino. 2017b. “Building a Middle-Range Theory of Transformative Social Innovation; Theoretical Pitfalls and Methodological Responses.” European Public and Social Innovation Review 2 (1): 59–77.
   Google Scholar
• Hekkert, M. P., R. A. Suurs, S. O. Negro, S. Kuhlmann, and R. E. Smits. 2007. “Functions of Innovation Systems: A New Approach for Analysing Technological Change.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 74 (4): 413–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howaldt, J., C. Kaletka, and A. Schröder. 2017a. “Social Entrepreneurs: Important Actors Within an Ecosystem of Social Innovation.” European Public & Social Innovation Review 1 (2). doi:10.31637/epsir.16-2.4.
   Google Scholar
• Howaldt, J., A. Schröder, A. Butzin, and D. Rehfeld. 2017b. Towards A General Theory and Typology of Social Innovation. SI-DRIVE Deliverable 1.6.
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, M., H. Knoblauch, W. Rammert, and A. Windeler. 2015. “Innovation Society Today. The Reflexive Creation of Novelty.” Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung 40 (3): 30–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger-Erben, M., J. Rückert-John, and M. Schäfer. 2015. “Sustainable Consumption Through Social Innovation: a Typology of Innovations for Sustainable Consumption Practices.” Journal of Cleaner Production 108: 784–798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessop, B., F. Moulaert, L. Hulgård, A. Hamdouch, et al. 2013. “Social Innovation Research: a new Stage in Innovation Research?” In The International Handbook on Social Innovation; Collective Action, Social Learning and Transdisciplinary Research, edited by F. Moulaert et al., 110–127. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Jørgensen, U. 2012. “Mapping and Navigating Transitions—The Multi-Level Perspective Compared with Arenas of Development.” Research Policy 41 (6): 996–1010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen, M. S., F. Avelino, J. Dorland, S. Rach, J. Wittmayer, B. Pel, S. Ruijsink, P. Weaver, and R. Kemp. 2016. “Synthesis across Social Innovation Case-Studies.” TRANSIT deliverable D4.4. http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/content/original/Book%20covers/Local%20PDFs/207%20TRANSIT_D4.4_Synthesis%20Report%20about%20all%20in-depth%20case%20studies.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kaletka, C., M. Markmann, and B. Pelka. 2017. “Peeling the Onion. An Exploration of the Layers of Social Innovation Ecosystems. Modelling a Context Sensitive Perspective on Driving and Hindering Factors for Social Innovation.” European Public & Social Innovation Review 1 (2). doi:10.31637/epsir.16-2.3.
   Google Scholar
• Kaletka, C., and A. Schröder. 2017. “A Global Mapping of Social Innovations: Challenges of a Theory Driven Methodology.” European Public & Social Innovation Review 2 (1): 78–92.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly Garrett, R. 2006. “Protest in an Information Society: A Review of Literature on Social Movements and New ICTs.” Information, Communication & Society 9 (02): 202–224.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, J. L., A. Camus, C. Jetté, C. Champagne, and M. Roy. 2016. La transformation sociale par l’innovation sociale. Montréal: Presses de l’ Université de Québec.
   Google Scholar
• Koppenjan, J., and E. H. Klijn. 2004. Managing uncertainties in networks: a network approach to problem solving and decision making. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Laville, J.-L. 2016. “L’économie sociale, l’entrepreneuriat social et l’innovation sociale, une mise en perspective historique.” In La transformation sociale par l’innovation sociale, edited by J. L. Klein, A. Camus, C. Jetté, C. Champagne, and M. Roy, 13–20. Montreal: Presses de l’ Université de Québec.
   Google Scholar
• Law, J., and K. Hetherington. 2000. “Materialities, Spatialities, Globalities.” In Knowledge, Space, Economy, edited by J. Bryson, P. Daniels, N. Henry, and J. Pollard, 34–49. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lévesque, B. 2013. “Social Innovation in Governance and Public Management Systems: Toward a New Paradigm?.” In The International Handbook on Social Innovation; Collective Action, Social Learning and Transdisciplinary Research, edited by F. Moulaert et al., 25–39. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Longhurst, N. 2015. “Towards an ‘Alternative’ Geography of Innovation: Alternative Milieu, Socio-Cognitive Protection and Sustainability Experimentation.” Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 17: 183–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhmann, N. 1989. Ecological Communication. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mair, J., and I. Marti. 2009. “Entrepreneurship in and Around Institutional Voids: A Case Study From Bangladesh.” Journal of Business Venturing 24 (5): 419–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane, C. 2009. “Translocal Assemblages: Space, Power and Social Movements.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 40 (4): 561–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGowan, K. A., and F. Westley. 2017. “Constructing The Evolution of Social Innovation: Methodological Insights From a Multi-Case Study.” European Public & Social Innovation Review 2 (1): 93–109.
   Google Scholar
• Miettinen, R. 1999. “The Riddle of Things: Activity Theory and Actor-Network Theory as Approaches to Studying Innovations.” Mind, Culture, and Activity 6 (3): 170–195.
   Google Scholar
• Moulaert, F. 2016. “Recommandations méthodologiques pour l’analyse de l’innovation sociale: une perspective critique sur l’épistémologie des systèmes d’innovation territoriaux.” In La transformation sociale par l’innovation sociale, edited by J. L. Klein, A. Camus, C. Jetté, C. Champagne, and M. Roy, 65–78. Montreal: Presses de l’ Université de Québec.
   Google Scholar
• Moulaert, F., A. Mehmood, D. MacCallum, and B. Leubolt. 2017. “Social Innovation as a Trigger for Transformations; The Role of Research”. European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
   Google Scholar
• Oh, D. S., F. Phillips, S. Park, and E. Lee. 2016. “Innovation Ecosystems: A Critical Examination.” Technovation 54: 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papaioannou, T., D. Wield, and J. Chataway. 2009. “Knowledge Ecologies and Ecosystems? An Empirically Grounded Reflection on Recent Developments in Innovation Systems Theory.” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 27 (2): 319–339.
   Google Scholar
• Pel, B., and J. Backhaus. 2018. “Realizing the Basic Income: Competing Claims to Expertise in Transformative Social Innovation.” Science & Technology Studies. https://sciencetechnologystudies.journal.fi/forthcoming/view/index.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pel, B., J. Dorland, J. Wittmayer, and M. S. Jørgensen. 2017. “Detecting Social Innovation Agency; Methodological Reflections on Units of Analysis in Dispersed Transformation Processes.” European Public and Social Innovation Review 2 (1): 110–126.
   Google Scholar
• Pohoryles, R. 1988. “Innovation - nur ein technisch-ökonomisches Problem? Anstelle eines Editorials.” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 1 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/13511610.1988.9968098.
   Google Scholar
• Rinkinen, S., and V. Harmaakorpi. 2018. “The Business Ecosystem Concept in Innovation Policy Context: Building a Conceptual Framework.” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 31 (3): 333–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubert, C. 2018. “Social Innovation; A New Instrument for Social Change?” In Innovation Society Today, edited by W. Rammert, A. Windeler, H. Knoblauch, and M. Hutter, 371–391. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
   Google Scholar
• Scott-Cato, M., and J. Hillier. 2010. “How Could we Study Climate-Related Social Innovation? Applying Deleuzean Philosophy to Transition Towns.” Environmental Politics 19 (6): 869–887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekulova, F., I. Anguelovski, L. Argüelles, and J. Conill. 2017. “A ‘Fertile Soil’ for Sustainability-Related Community Initiatives: A New Analytical Framework.” Environment and Planning A 49 (10): 2362–2382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seyfang, G., and A. Smith. 2007. “Grassroots Innovations for Sustainable Development: Towards a New Research and Policy Agenda.” Environmental Politics 16 (4): 584–603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A., and A. Stirling. 2017. “Innovation, Sustainability and Democracy: an Analysis of Grassroots Contributions.” Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics 6 (1): 64–97.
   Google Scholar
• Temenos, C., and E. McCann. 2013. “Geographies of Policy Mobilities.” Geography Compass 7 (5): 344–357.
   Google Scholar
• TRANSIT. 2018. http://www.transitsocialinnovation.eu/discover-our-cases-2.
   Google Scholar
• van den Heiligenberg, H., G. Heimeriks, M. Hekkert, R. Raven, and J. Sol. 2018. “Contrasting Regional Habitats for Urban Sustainability Experimentation in Europe.” Sustainability 10 (5): 1624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Have, R. P., and L. Rubalcaba. 2016. “Social Innovation Research: An Emerging Area of Innovation Studies?” Research Policy 45 (9): 1923–1935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Ven, A. H., D. E. Polley, R. Garud, and S. Venkataraman. 1999. The Innovation Journey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Verhoeven, I., and J. W. Duyvendak. 2017. “Understanding Governmental Activism.” Social Movement Studies 16 (5): 564–577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorberg, W. H., V. J. Bekkers, and L. G. Tummers. 2015. “A Systematic Review of Co-Creation and Co-Production: Embarking on the Social Innovation Journey.” Public Management Review 17 (9): 1333–1357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voß, Jan-Peter. 2014. “Performative Policy Studies: Realizing “Transition Management”.” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 27 (4): 317–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westley, F., N. Antadze, D. J. Riddell, K. Robinson, and S. Geobey. 2014. “Five Configurations for Scaling Up Social Innovation: Case Examples of Nonprofit Organizations From Canada.” The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 50 (3): 234–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittmayer, J. M., J. Backhaus, F. Avelino, B. Pel, T. Strasser, I. Kunze, and L. Zuijderwijk. 2019. “Narratives of Change: How Social Innovation Initiatives Construct Societal Transformation.” Futures 112: 102433.
   Google Scholar
• Wittmayer, J., B. Pel, T. Bauler, and F. Avelino. 2017. “Editorial Synthesis: Methodological Challenges in Social Innovation Research.” European Public & Social Innovation Review 2 (1): 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler, R. 2017. “Social Innovation as a Collaborative Concept.” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 30 (4): 388–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar