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War in Chechnya

The ‘counter‐terrorist operation’ in Chechnya: ‘Information warfare’ aspects

Pages 57-83 | Published online: 18 Dec 2007

Notes

  • Thomas , Timothy L. July 1996 . “ ‘Russian Views on Information‐Based Warfare’ ” . July , 1 – 12 . Fort Leavenworth, KS : Foreign Military Studies Office .
  • Tsygichko , V.N. , Smolian , G.L. and Chereshkin , D.S. 1997 . “ ‘Informatsionnoe oruzhie kak geopolticheskiy factor i instrument silovoy politiki’ ” . 16 – 17 .
  • Krutskikh , A. 1999 . ‘Information Challenges to Security’ . International Affairs: A Russian Journal of World Politics, Diplomacy and International Relations , 45 ( 2 ) : 29 – 36 .
  • Hockstader , Lee . 1995 . ‘Russians Get Their First Dose of Televised War’ . Moscow Times , 5 Jan. : 2
  • Babakian , Genine . 1996 . ‘Propaganda Struggles to Survive Onslaught’ . Moscow Times , 5 Jan. : 3
  • 24 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Russian Soldiers’ Mothers organization complies data on Chechnya dead’ ” . 24 Jan. , BBC Monitoring Service, Summary of World Broadcasts, Part I, Former Soviet Union (hereafter SWB), SU/3745 B/4
  • Thomas , Timothy L. 1998 . ‘Russia's Information Warfare Structure: Understanding the Roles of the Security Council, FAPSI, the State Technical Commission and the Military’ . European Security , 7 ( 1 ) Spring : 156 – 72 .
  • Main , S. J. June 2000 . “Counter‐Terrorist Operation’ in Chechnya: On the Legality of the Current Conflict’ ” . In The Second Chechen War , Edited by: Aldis , Mrs A.C. June , 31 29 – 37 . Camberley : CSRC, RMA Sandhurst .
  • www.ppc.pims.org/rojects/csrc. (www.ppc.pims.org/rojects/csrc.)
  • 1 May 2000 . “ ‘War ‘conspiracy of the Yeltsin administration’ ‐ President Maskhadov’ ” . 1 May , SWB, SU/3828 B/8
  • 2000 . Novaya Gazela (Internet version), Moscow , 27 April
  • 17 July 2000 . “ ‘Basayev says West is bankrolling war in Chechnya’ ” . 17 July , SWB, SU/3894 B/8
  • Hoffman , David . 1999 . ‘War Reports Limited on Russian TV . Washington Post , 10 Oct.
  • 17 July 2000 . “ ‘Basayev says West is bankrolling war in Chechnya’ ” . 17 July , SWB, SU/3894 B/8
  • Zolotov , Andrei . 1999 . ‘Kremlin Scores Strategic Victory in Chechnya over the Media’ . CRS , 4 Nov.
  • Lurie , Lev . 2000 . ‘The Russian Media Turns’ . CRS , 14 Jan.
  • Batuev , Erik . 28 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen Information War Escalates’ ” . 28 Jan. , Institute for War and Peace Reporting .
  • Kozin , Vladimir . 2000 . ‘West's Media Aids Rebels’ . Moscow Times , 11 Feb.
  • Traynor , Ian . 1999 . ‘No News is Good News’ . The Guardian , 17 Dec. : 20
  • 10 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Foreign Ministry slams Russian ‘fabrications’ about support for Chechens’ ” . 10 Jan. , SWB, SU/3733 F/5
  • 20 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Russian Defence Ministry denies report of use of chemical weapons’ ” . 20 Jan. , SWB, SU/3742 B5
  • Herd , Graeme P. March 2000 . “ ‘Information Warfare during the Second Chechen Campaign, 1999–2000’ ” . In Post‐Soviet Security and Identity , Edited by: Cummings , Sally . March , 31 – 42 . Sandhurst : CSRC Occasional Paper, RMA . G81
  • Thomas , Timothy L. “ ‘Manipulating Mass Consciousness: Russian & Chechen “Information War” Tactics in the Second Chechen‐Russian Conflict’ ” . In The Second Chechen War Edited by: Aldis . 31 112 – 29 . (note 6)
  • 17 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Regional data suggests 3,000 Russian soldiers killed in Chechnya’ ” . 17 Jan. , SWB, SU/3739 B/9
  • 2000 . ‘Death and inglory in Chechnya’ . The Economist , 15–20 Jan. : 40
  • 4 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Soldiers’ mothers say 3,000 servicemen killed, 5,000 wounded in Chechnya’ ” . 4 Feb. , SWB, SU/3755 B/7
  • 2000 . Nezavisimaya Gazeta , 2 Feb.
  • 25 March 2000 . “ ‘More than 4,000 Russian servicemen died in Chechnya ‐ soldiers’ mothers’ ” . 25 March , SWB, SU/3798 B/10
  • 2000 . Nezavisimaya Gazeta , 23 March
  • 3 April 2000 . “ ‘Russian losses top 2000’ ” . 3 April , SWB, SU/3805 B/6
  • 13 May 2000 . “ ‘Russia general reports federal losses in Chechen war’ ” . 13 May , SWB, SU/3839 B/7
  • 25 May 2000 . “ ‘Chechen detail losses of both sides since hostilities broke out’ ” . 25 May , SWB, SU/3849 B/5
  • 28 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Chechens say Russia lost 11,000 troops since the start of the invasion’ ” . 28 Jan. , SWB, SU/3749 B/6
  • 28 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Russians says civilian casualties counted in the hundreds’ ” . 28 Jan. , SWB, SU/3749 B/9
  • 20 July 2000 . “ ‘Putin aide denies reports that Chechen Kavkaz TV is back on air’ ” . 20 July , SWB, SU/3897 B/17
  • 25 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Putin dismisses talk of impending dictatorship, says Chechen offensive not political’ ” . 25 Jan. , SWB, SU/3746 B/1
  • 28 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Two official spokesmen to handle all Chechnya briefings from now on’ ” . 28 Jan. , SWB, SU/3749 B/3
  • 26 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Putin to rid media coverage of Chechnya of “rough edges'” . 26 Jan. , SWB, SU/3747 B/6
  • Batuev , Erik . 28 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen Information War Escalates’ ” . 28 Jan. , Institute for War and Peace Reporting .
  • Koreneva , Marina . 31 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘The Internet Battlefield In War Between Russia, Chechnya’ ” . 31 Jan. , Agence France Press .
  • Eichrodt , Joan Beecher . 1999 . ‘Internet Insurrection’ . Transitions Online , 1 ( 1 ) 13 Oct. : 1 – 4 .
  • Gigorian , Mark . 2000 . ‘Azeri Cyber Forces’ . CRS , 4 Feb.
  • 10 March 2000 . “ ‘Federal authorities take steps to restore broadcasting’ ” . 10 March , SWB, SU/3785 B/5
  • 3 July 2000 . “ ‘New plan prepared on information support for Russian army ‐ newspaper’ ” . 3 July , SWB, SU/3882 S1/2
  • 2000 . Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Moscow , 29 June
  • 1 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Radio Liberty reporter in Chechnya to be held for 10 days’ ” . 1 Feb. , SWB, SU/3752 B/7
  • 8 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Russian justice minister insists Radio Liberty journalist treated fairly’ ” . 8 Feb. , SWB, SU/3758 B/3
  • 9 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Russian special services set up journalist's kidnapping, Chechens say’ ” . 9 Feb. , SWB, SU/3759
  • 23 June 2000 . “ ‘Chechen website accuses pro‐Moscow leader of involvement in kidnappings’ ” . 23 June , SWB, SU/3874 B/2
  • 5 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Radio Liberty journalist's lawyer condemns his handover to Chechens’ ” . 5 Feb. , SWB, SU/3756 B/6
  • Lurie , Lev . 2000 . ‘The Russian Media Turns’ . CRS , 14 Jan.
  • 18 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Putin's first appointments show Kremlin old guard still in place, says TV’ ” . 18 Jan. , SWB, SU/3740 B/8
  • 13 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Newspaper questions motives and conduct of war in Chechnya’ ” . 13 Jan. , SWB, SU/3736 B/10
  • 2000 . Novaya Gazeta ‐ ponedelnik , 10 Jan. : 6 Moscow
  • 15 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Putin faces election campaign setbacks ‐ paper’ ” . 15 Jan. , SWB, SU/3738 B/7
  • 2000 . Izvestiya, Moscow , 11 Jan.
  • 13 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen war seen as risk to Putin's presidential ambition’ ” . 13 Jan. , SWB, SU/3736 B/3
  • 2000 . Segodnya, Moscow , 11 Jan.
  • 25 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Russian casualty figures could be 10 times higher than officially stated ‐ TV’ ” . 25 Jan. , SWB, SU/3746 B/7
  • 2000 . NTV, Moscow , 23 Jan.
  • 15 May 2000 . “ ‘Putin's Chechnya optimism questioned’ ” . 15 May , SWB, SU/3789 B/4
  • 2000 . Moskovskiy Komsomolels, Moscow , 11 May
  • 18 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Russians are ‘not concealing losses’ in Chechnya ‐ journalist’ ” . 18 Jan. , SWB, SU/3740 B/6
  • 18 Jar. 2000 . “ ‘Ingush head warns of protracted war, calls for talks’ ” . 18 Jar. , SWB, SU/3740 B/8
  • 2000 . Sueddeutsche Zeitung website, Munich , 15 Jan.
  • 26 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Moscow Mayor says sending troops to Chechnya was a mistake’ ” . 26 Jan. , SWB, SUI/3747 B/7
  • Thomas . “ ‘Russia's Information Warfare Structure’ ” . 168 (note 5)
  • 7 July 2000 . “ ‘Website to publish extensive ‘Russiagate’ database’ ” . 7 July , SWB, SU/3886 B/2
  • 2000 . Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Moscow , 4 July
  • 26 June 2000 . “ ‘Media tycoon Gusinsky questioned, says authorities want to muzzle NTV’ ” . 26 June , SWB, SU/3876 B/2
  • 20 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘Media mogul suggests he's being set up again’ ” . 20 Sept. , SWB, SU/3950 B/2
  • 12 July 2000 . “ ‘Influential journalist launches attack on Putin’ ” . 12 July , SWB, SU/3890 B/5
  • 4 Aug. 2000 . “ ‘Radio commentator savages Putin's version of North Caucasus events’ ” . 4 Aug. , SWB, SU/3910 B/1
  • 26 July 2000 . “ ‘Council approves information security doctrine’ ” . 26 July , SWB, SU/3876 B/1
  • 14 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘Putin endorses doctrine on information security ‐ outline of contents’ ” . 14 Sept. , SWB, SU/3945 B/1
  • 18 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘Public figures criticise new information security doctrine’ ” . 18 Sept. , SWB, SU/3948 B/1
  • 2000 . Segodnya, Moscow , 14 Sept.
  • 16 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘Union of Journalists condemns information security doctrine’ ” . 16 Sept. , SWB, SU/3947 B/3
  • 2000 . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty , 15 Sept. Newsline, 4/179, Part I
  • 2000 . Jamestown Foundation , 15 Sept. Monitor 6/171, Friday
  • 29 Aug. 2000 . “ ‘Communications Ministry bugging order takes legal effect’ ” . 29 Aug. , SWB, SU/3931 B/4
  • 2000 . Segodnya, Moscow , 22 Aug.
  • 9 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘Government classifies 7m dollars ‘to oppose mass media’ ” . 9 Sept. , SWB, SU/3941 B/4
  • 2000 . Kommersant, Moscow , 6 Sept.
  • 19 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘NTV accuses military of forcing broadcast off air at gunpoint, hitting cameraman’ ” . 19 Sept. , SWB, SU/3949 B/2
  • 14 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Russian troops seize rebel TV centre, destroy ammunition depots’ ” . 14 Feb. , SWB, SU/3763 B/10
  • 19 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Foreign minister Ivanov accuses Western media of biased Chechen coverage’ ” . 19 Jan. , SWB, SU/3741 B/10
  • Krutskikh , A. and Fedorov , A. 2000 . ‘International Information Security’ . International Affairs: A Russian Journal of World Politics, Diplomacy and International Relations , 46 ( 2 ) : 170 – 82 .
  • 20 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Pro‐Chechen website over 300 killed in the capital’ ” . 20 Jan. , SWB, SU/3742 B/7
  • 22‐July 2000 . “ ‘Rebel activity intensifying ‐ Russian deputy chief of the General Staff ” . 22‐July , SWB, SU/3899 B/2
  • 27 July 2000 . “ ‘Russian forces seize mobile TV station used by Chechen rebels’ ” . 27 July , SWB, SU/3903 B/6
  • 1878 . Nezavisimaya Gazeta , 7 April 1999
  • 1999 . NG Religii‐dayazhest , 3 (3) April : 12
  • www.amina.com (www.amina.com)
  • www.chechentimes.com. (www.chechentimes.com.)
  • 2000 . Serkalo Baku , 19 Jan. : 1 – 2 .
  • 2 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen website reports two Chechen generals perish in fighting’ ” . 2 Feb. , SWB, SU/3754 B/10
  • Krushelnycky , Askhold . 2000 . ‘Chechnya: Rebels use Internet in Propaganda War with Russians’ . RFE/RL , 11 May
  • 22 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Chechens seen stepping up “Internet war” against Russia’ ” . 22 Feb. , SWB, SU/3770 B/4
  • 26 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen commanders reportedly say they are holding Grozny to humiliate Russia’ ” . 26 Jan. , SWB, SU/3747 B/9
  • 7 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Pro‐Chechen website reports commander in good spirits after light injury’ ” . 7 Feb. , SWB, SU/3757 B/11
  • 1 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Authorities do not recognize Chechen mission in Georgia’ ” . 1 Feb. , SWB, SU/3752 F/2
  • 2000 . ‘There is only one representative of Russia ‐ the Russian embassy in Georgia’ . Svobodnaya Geuzia , 1 Feb. : 2
  • 6 March 2000 . “ ‘Foreign Ministry tells Georgia to close Chechen mission’ ” . 6 March , SWB, SU/3781 B/10
  • 26 July 2000 . “ ‘Russia calls on Georgia to close Chechen offices in Tblisi’ ” . 26 July , SWB, SU/3876 B/8
  • 3 July 2000 . “ ‘Chechen parliament appeals to the world to stop Russia's ‘genocide” . 3 July , SWB. SU/3882 B/14
  • 20 June 2000 . “ ‘Foreign Ministry accuses Russia of waging anti‐Georgian propaganda’ ” . 20 June , SWB, SU/3871 F/6
  • Hasanli , Gorkhmaz . 2000 . ‘Pro‐Chechen Information Centre Set up in Baku’ . Azer‐News , 11 (141) 15–22 March
  • 2 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen foreign minister reports Chechen forces withdrawal from Grozny’ ” . 2 Feb. , SWB, SU/3754 B/9
  • 2000 . ‘Representative Office of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in Azerbaijan’ . Baku , 1 Feb.
  • 4 May 2000 . “ ‘Chechen minister calls on USA to save Chechen people from the Russians’ ” . 4 May , SWB, SU/3831 B/5
  • 2000 . ‘Representative Office of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in Azerbaijan’ . Baku , 1 Feb.
  • 17 July 2000 . “ ‘Basayev says West is bankrolling war in Chechnya’ ” . 17 July , SWB, SU/3894 B/8
  • 18 July 2000 . “ ‘Head of presidential staff promises Russians probe into Basayev interview’ ” . 18 July , SWB, SU/3895 F/2
  • 20 July 2000 . “ ‘Azeri TV broadcasts interview with field commander Basayev’ ” . 20 July , SWB, SU/3899 B/5
  • 2 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Chechnya mission closed down’ ” . 2 Feb. , SWB, SU/3753 B/18
  • Gurgendize , Paata . 1999 . ‘The Issue of a Chechen Information Centre in Georgia’ . The Army and Society in Georgia , 7/11 (41) Nov. : 10
  • 15 April 2000 . “ ‘Foreign support for Chechen militants aimed at weakening Russia ‐ general’ ” . 15 April , SWB, SU/3816 B/8
  • 24 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Chechnya‐Taleban axis set up ‐ agency’ ” . 24 Jan. , SWB, SU/3745 B/4
  • 15 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen ex‐president said to have met Pakistani military ruler’ ” . 15 Feb. , SWB, SU/3764 B/9
  • 28 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Chechen envoy in United Arab Emirates’ ” . 28 Feb. , SWB, SU/3755 B/11
  • 23 March 2000 . “ ‘Foreign Minister protests against reception of Chechen envoy in Qatar’ ” . 23 March , SWB, SU/3796 B/8
  • 20 Jan. 2000 . “ ‘Chechens talk up the importance of recognition from Afghanistan’ ” . 20 Jan. , SWB, SU/3742 B/10
  • 14 Feb. 2000 . “ ‘Maskhadov promises to fight Russian troops with dignity’ ” . 14 Feb. , SWB, SU/3763 B/9
  • Krushelnycky , Askhold . 2000 . ‘Chechnya: Rebels use Internet in Propaganda War with Russians’ . RFE/RL , 11 May
  • 17 April 2000 . “ ‘President Maskhadov ready for talks without preconditions’ ” . 17 April , SWB, SU/3817 B/8
  • www.dwelle.de (www.dwelle.de)
  • 14 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘Chechens announce two‐million‐dollar reward for Putin's head’ ” . 14 Sept. , SWB, SU/3945 B/6
  • 7 July 2000 . “ ‘Putin ready to talk to Chechen commander who has given up armed struggle’ ” . 7 July , SWB, SU/3886 B/5
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  • 15 Sept. 2000 . “ ‘Worse‐case scenario’ ” . 15 Sept. , SUW/0657 WA/17
  • Masoud , Bahram Director . Iranian Journal of International Affairs , Islamic Republic of Iran : MFA official .
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