Contested Identities: The Dissonant Heritage of European Town Walls and Walled Towns

References

• Abu El‐Haj , N. L. 1995 . ‘Excavating the Land, Creating the Homeland: Archaeology, the State, and the Making of History in Modern Jewish Nationalism’ , Duje University . PhD diss.
   Google Scholar
• Alkhoven , P. 1999 . ‘The Changing Image of the City: A Study of the Transformation of the Townscape Using Computer‐aided Architectural Design and Visualization Techniques. A Case Study: Heusden’ , University of Utrecht . PhD diss.
   Google Scholar
• Amiel , C. , Martinat , J. , Piniès , J. , Poisson , O. , Satgé , P. and Signoles , A. 2000 . De la place forte au monument: la restauration de la cité de Carcassonne au XIXe siècle , Paris : Éditions du Patrimoine .
   Google Scholar
• Amiran , D. H. K. , Shachar , A. and Kimhi , I. , eds. 1973 . Urban Geography of Jerusalem: A Companion to the Atlas of Jerusalem , Berlin and New York : Walter de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong , K. 1996 . A History of Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths , New York : A. A. Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Ashworth , G. J. and Tunbridge , J. E. 1990 . The Tourist‐historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City , London : Belhaven .
   Google Scholar
• Austin , D. 1997 . ‘Devolution, Castles and Welsh Identity’ . British Archaeology , 29 Available at http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba29/ba29int.html
   Google Scholar
• Baalman , D. 1988/1989 . ‘The Heritage Industry is Going at Full Blast’ . Architecture in the Netherlands, Yearbook , : 29 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Baedeker , K. 1913 . Northern Germany Excluding the Rhineland: Handbook for Travellers , Leipzig : Karl Baedeker .
   Google Scholar
• Benevolo , L. 1993 . The European City , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Beresford , M. W. 1967 . New Towns of the Middle Ages: Town Plantation in England, Wales and Gascony , London : Lutterworth .
   Google Scholar
• Brindle , S. ‘Ancient Monument Casework in London’ . Greater London Archaeology Advisory Service Annual Review , 11 – 12 . (April 2002–March 2003)
   Google Scholar
• Bruce , D. M. 1994 . ‘Tourism in Walled Towns’ . Tourism Management , 15 ( 3 ) : 228 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• ——— . 2004 . “ ‘Piran: Establishing a Sustainable “Gem City”’ ” . In Marketing for Tourism , Edited by: Holloway , J. C. 446 – 54 . London : Pitman .
   Google Scholar
• Bruce , D. M. , Jackson , M. J. and Serra Cantallops , A. 2001 . ‘PREPARe: A Model to Aid the Development of Policies for Less Unsustainable Tourism in Historic Towns’ . Tourism and Hospitality Research: The Surrey Quarterly Review , 3 ( 1 ) : 21 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , H. , Hall , J. and Marsh , G. 1985 . The London Wall Walk , London : Museum of London .
   Google Scholar
• Childs , J. 1997 . ‘A Short History of the Military Use of Land in Peacetime’ . War in History , 4 ( 1 ) : 81 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen‐Hattab , K. 2004 . ‘Historical Research and Tourism Analysis: The Case of the Tourist‐historic City of Jerusalem’ . Tourism Geographies , 6 ( 3 ) : 279 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Creighton , O. H. forthcoming . ‘New Light on Medieval Town Defences in England, Wales and Gascony’ . Château Gaillard, Etudes de Castellologie Medievale , 22
   Google Scholar
• Creighton , O. H. and Higham , R. A. 2005 . ‘Journey of Discovery: Conwy’ . BBC History Magazine , 6 ( 6 ) : 82 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• ——— . 2005 . Medieval Town Walls: An Archaeology and Social History of Urban Defence , Stroud : Tempus .
   Google Scholar
• Department of the Environment. 1990 . Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning , London : Department of the Environment .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , G. 2002 . ‘Living in a World Heritage City: Stakeholders in the Dialectic of the Universal and Particular’ . International Journal of Heritage Studies , 8 ( 2 ) : 117 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , P. J. 1992 . The Past in Contemporary Society , London and New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbon , E. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , London : Strachan .
   Google Scholar
• Glendinning , M. 2003 . ‘The Conservation Movement: A Cult of the Modern Age’ . Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , 13 : 359 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Goss , J. 1991 . Braun and Hogenberg’s the City Maps of Europe: A Selection of 16th Century Plans and Views , London : Studio Editions .
   Google Scholar
• Gowen , M. , ed. 2004 . Conservation Plan: Dublin City Walls and Defences , Dublin : Wordwell/Dublin City Council .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , B. 2002 . ‘Heritage as Knowledge: Capital or Culture’ . Urban Studies , 39 : 1003 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber , R. E. and Gruber , S. D. 2003 . Jewish Monuments in Slovenia , Washington : United States Mission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad .
   Google Scholar
• Hagen , J. 2004 . ‘The Most German of Towns: Creating an Ideal Nazi Community in Rothenburg‐ob‐der‐Tauber’ . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 94 ( 1 ) : 207 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges , R. , Bowden , W. and Lako , K. 2004 . Byzantine Butrint: Excavations and Surveys 1994–99 , Oxford : Oxbow .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkinson , M. F. 2000 . ‘Living in Defended Spaces: Past Structures and Present Landscapes’ . Landscapes , 1 ( 2 ) : 53 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Hounslow , M. W. and Chroston , P. N. 2002 . ‘Structural Layout of the Suburbs of Roman Butrint, Southern Albania: Results from a Gradiometer and Resistivity Survey’ . Archaeological Prospection , 9 ( 4 ) : 229 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Hywel , E. ap . 1990 . “ ‘Castles and Contradictions: Versions of a Welsh “Heritage”’ ” . In Writing the Past in the Present , Edited by: Baker , F. and Thomas , J. 180 – 86 . Lampeter : St David’s College .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , A. J. B. 2003 . ‘Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban: Reflections on his Fame, his Fortifications, and his Influence’ . French Colonial History , 3 : 175 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Join‐Lambert , M. 1966 . Jerusalem , London : Elek .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , W. 2001 . The Sieges of Derry , Dublin : Four Courts Press .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , M. 2001 . The Contested City , London : Hurst .
   Google Scholar
• Lennon , J. and Foley , M. 2000 . Dark Tourism , London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Lowenthal , D. 1996 . Possessed by the Past: The Heritage Crusade and Spoils of History , New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mac Giolla Chriost , D. 1996 . “ ‘Northern Ireland: Culture Clash and Archaeology’ ” . In Nationalism and Archaeology , Edited by: Atkinson , J. A. , Banks , I. and O’Sullivan , J. 128 – 34 . Glasgow : Cruithne Press .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , S. 2002 . Butrint National Park Development Study , Norwich : Institute of World Archaeology, University of East Anglia .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , M. 1998 . ‘Strategies for the Convivial City: A New Agenda for Education for the Built Environment’ . Journal of Art and Design Education , 17 ( 1 ) : 17 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , H. and Kain , R. 1982 . ‘Military Influence on European Town Design’ . History Today , 32 : 10 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Perbellini , G. , ed. 2000 . The Town Walls of the Middle Ages: Les Enceintes urbaines au moyen âge , The Hague : Europa Nostra IBI Bulletin no. 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , S. 1994 . Destruction in the English Civil Wars , Stroud : Sutton .
   Google Scholar
• Prittie , T. 1981 . Whose Jerusalem? , London : Frederick Muller .
   Google Scholar
• Scheltema‐Vriezendorp , E. A. M. 1989 . ‘De restauratie van de voormalige vesting Naarden 1964–1989’ . Tussen Vecht en Eem , 7 ( 2 ) : 62 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Schofield , J. and Vince , A. 2003 . Medieval Towns: The Archaeology of British Towns in their European Setting , London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Scholten , G. M. 1975 . ‘Heusden; waar herstel zegeviert over afbraak’ . De Woonstede door de eeuwen heen , 27 : 28 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , S. and MacLeod , N. 2000 . ‘Creativity and Conflict: Cultural Tourism in London’s City Fringe’ . Tourism, Culture and Communication , 2 ( 3 ) : 165 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Slyomovics , S. , ed. 2001 . The Walled Arab City in Literature, Architecture and History: The City Medina in the Magrhib , London and Portland : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Sournia , B. 1976 . ‘Les Fortifications d’Aigues‐Mortes’ . Congrès Archéologique , 134 : 9 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Stoyle , M. J. 2003 . Circled with Stone: Exeter’s City Walls, 1485–1660 , Exeter : University of Exeter Press .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , A. J. 1970 . ‘The Walls of Conwy’ . Archaeologia Cambrensis , 119 : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• ——— . 1995 . ‘The Town and Castle of Conwy: Preservation and Interpretation’ . Antiquaries Journal , 75 : 339 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , A. 1992 . The Walled Towns of Ireland , Vol. 2 , Dublin : Irish Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tiesdell , S. , Oc , T. and Heath , T. 1996 . Revitalizing Historic Urban Quarters , Oxford : Architectural Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tracy , J. D. , ed. 2000 . City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tunbridge , J. E. and Ashworth , G. 1996 . Dissonant Heritage: Managing the Past as a Resource in Conflict , Chichester : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO . 1994 . Nara Document on Authenticity , Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• Worthington , B. 2005 . ‘Kaliningrad—The Last Piece in the Baltic Jigsaw’ . International Journal of Tourism Research , 7 ( 2 ) : 123 – 34 .
   Google Scholar