Heritage destruction in context: the case of the Roman mosaics from Zeugma, Turkey

References

• Acar, Ö. 2000. “Yıllardır devam eden Zeugma trajedisi [Tragedy of Zeugma is Continuing for Many Years].” Arkeoloji ve Sanat 98: 6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Acar, Ö. 2001. “Protecting Our Common Heritage-2.” Turkish Times, December 15–31, 12–15.
   Google Scholar
• Acar, Ö. 2002. “Protecting Our Common Heritage-3.” Turkish Times, January 1–14, 12–15.
   Google Scholar
• Algaze, G. 1989. “A New Frontier: First Results of the Tigris-Euphrates Archaeological Reconnaissance Project, 1988.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 48 (4): 241–281.10.1086/jnes.1989.48.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anıtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü. 2003. Yıtık miras’ın dönüş öyküsü [The Story of the Return of Missing Heritage]. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
   Google Scholar
• Appadurai, A. 1981. “The Past as a Scarce Resource.” Man (N.S.) 16 (2), 201–219.10.2307/2801395
   Google Scholar
• Arsebük, G. 1983. “Keban Baraj Gölü bölgesinde yapılan arkeolojik çalışmalar [Archaeological Excavations Conducted at the Keban Dam Lake].” In Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi [Encyclopedia of Turkey in the Republican Period], edited by M. Belge and B. Özüakın, 70–71. İletişim Yayınları: İstanbul.
   Google Scholar
• Başgelen, N. 2000a. “The Future of Our Past.” In Belkıs/Zeugma, Halfeti, Rumkale: A Last Look at History, edited by N. Başgelen and R. Ergeç, 6–9. Istanbul: Archaeology and Art.
   Google Scholar
• Başgelen, N. 2000b. “Fırat üzerindeki Seleukia’dan Zeugma-Belkıs’a [From Seleukia to Zeugma-Belkıs upon the Euphrates].” Arkeoloji ve Sanat 98: 10–19.
   Google Scholar
• Başgelen, N., and R. Ergeç, eds. 2000. Belkıs/Zeugma, Halfeti, Rumkale: A Last Look at History. Istanbul: Archaeology and Art.
   Google Scholar
• Bonini Baraldi, S., and D. D. Shoup. 2014. “Heritage Management at the Local Level: Rhetoric and Results in the Case of Gaziantep, Turkey.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 1–25. doi:10.1080/10286632.2013.874419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonini Baraldi, S., D. Shoup, and L. Zan. 2013. “Understanding Cultural Heritage in Turkey: Institutional Context and Organizational Issues.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 19 (7): 728–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, M. 2004. “Heritage as Property.” In Property in Question: Value Transformation in the Global Economy, edited by K. Verdery and C. Humphrey, 49–68. Oxford: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, S., and R. Ergeç. 1998. “New Mosaics.” In The Twin Town of Zeugma on the Euphrates: Rescue Work and Historical Studies, edited by D. Kennedy. Journal of Roman Arcaheology Supplement 27: 109–127.
   Google Scholar
• Carman, J. 2002. Archaeology and Heritage: An Introduction. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Carman, J. 2005. Against Cultural Property: Archaeology, Heritage, and Ownership. London: Duckworth.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, M. 2000. “Last Days of Domed Valley.” BBC News Europe, February 5. Accessed 10 July, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/631136.stm
   Google Scholar
• Cleere, H. (1989) 2005. “Introduction: The Rationale of Archaeological Heritage Management.” In Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern World, edited by H. Cleere, 1–19. Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cumhuriyet. 2000. “Zeugma boğuldu [Zeugma has been Flooded].” October 5, 3.
   Google Scholar
• Daifuku, H. 1968. “The Significance of Cultural Property.” In The Conservation of Cultural Property: With Special Reference to Tropical Conditions, edited by UNESCO, 19–26. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Eldem, E. 2011. “From Blissful İgnorance to Anguished Concern: Ottoman Perceptions of Antiquities, 1799–1869.” In Scramble for the Past: A Story of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753–1914, edited by Z. Bahrani, Z. Çelik, and E. Eldem, 282–329. Istanbul: SALT.
   Google Scholar
• Ergeç, R. 2000. “Bekıs/Zeugma 1992–1999/2000: çalışmalar, araştırmalar ve kazılar [Bekıs/Zeugma 1992–1999/2000: Research Works and Excavations].” Arkeoloji ve Sanat 98: 20–29.
   Google Scholar
• Ergeç, R. 2005. “Zeugma gerçeği ve Gaziantep’te çağdaş müzecilik [Reality of Zeugma and Contemporary Museum Curatorship in Gaziantep].” Genç Çizgi 16: 52–54.
   Google Scholar
• Gaziantep Anadolu Ajansı. 2004a. “Zeugma mozaikleri İstanbul yolcusu [Zeugma Mosaics will Travel to Istanbul].” NTVMSNBC.com, February 4. Accessed 10 July, 2014. http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/255629.asp
   Google Scholar
• Gaziantep Anadolu Ajansı. 2004b. “Zeugma Platformu: kültüre sahip çıkacağız [Zeugma Platform: We Claim Ownership of Culture].” NTVMSNBC.com, March 16. Accessed 10 July, 2014. http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/261474.asp
   Google Scholar
• Gaziantep Anadolu Ajansı. 2004c. “Zeugma mozaikleri yerinde kalıyor [Zeugma Mosaics will Stay in their Place].” NTVMSNBC.com, May 25. Accessed 10 July, 2014. http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/271442.asp
   Google Scholar
• Gaziantep Anadolu Ajansı. 2004d. “Bakanlık’tan ‘Zeugma’ seferberliği [The Ministry is Working for Transferring ‘Zeugma’ Mosaics].” NTVMSNBC.com, March 16. Accessed 10 July, 2014. http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/261814.asp
   Google Scholar
• Golden, J. 2004. “Targeting Heritage: The Abuse of Symbolic Sites in Modern Conflicts.” In Marketing Heritage: Archaeology and Consumption of the Past, edited by Y. Rowan and U. Baram, 183–202. Artamira: Walnut Creek.
   Google Scholar
• Greenfield, J. (1989) 1996. The Return of Cultural Treasures. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Güllüce, H. 2011. “Zeugma kazıları ve kazandırdıkları [Zeugma Excavations and their Discoveries].” Gaziantep Kültür Turizm Dergisi 2 (5): 14–24.
   Google Scholar
• Handler, R. 1988. Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Handler, R. 2004. “Deep Dirt: Messing Up the Past at Colonial Williamsburg.” In Marketing Heritage: Archaeology and Consumption of the Past, edited by Y. Rowan and U. Baram, 167–181. Artamira: Walnut Creek.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, R. 2013. Heritage: Critical Approaches. London: Routledge.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602001.013.021
   Google Scholar
• Holtorf, C. 2005. From Stonehenge to Las Vegas: Archaeology as Popular Culture. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Holtorf, C., and T. Schadla-Hall. 1999. “Age as Artefact: On Archaeological Authenticity.” European Journal of Archaeology 2 (2): 229–247.10.1179/eja.1999.2.2.229
   Google Scholar
• Hürriyet. 2000a. “İkinci Pompei ABD basınında [Second Pompeii Appeared in the US Media].” May 12, 4.
   Google Scholar
• Hürriyet. 2000b. “Ve Zeugma boğuldu [And Zeugma was Submerged].” June 28, 5.
   Google Scholar
• Hürriyet Daily News. 2010. “Arhcaeological Committee Formed for King’s Tomb in Southern Turkey.” August 23. Accessed July 10, 2014. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=kral-mezari-icin-bilim-heyeti-olusturuldu-2010-08-20
   Google Scholar
• Kakissis, J. 2011. “Bit by Bit, Afghanistan Rebuilds Buddhist Statues.” National Public Radio, July 27. Accessed July 10, 2014. http://www.npr.org/2011/07/27/137304363/bit-by-bit-afghanistan-rebuilds-buddhist-statues?ft=1&f=1004
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, D. 1998. “Zeugma, the South-east Anatolia Development Project, and Fieldwork on the Turkish Lower Euphrates.” Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 27: 11–18.
   Google Scholar
• Kinzer, S. 2000. “Dam in Turkey May Soon Flood a ‘2nd Pompeii’.” The New York Times, May 7, 1, column 1.
   Google Scholar
• Küchler, S. 1999. “The Place of Memory.” In The Art of Forgetting, edited by A. Forty and S. Küchler, 53–72. Oxford: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Law No. 2863 on the Protection of Cultural and Natural Properties (23.07.1983).
   Google Scholar
• Lucas, G. 2001. “Destruction and the Rhetoric of Excavation.” Norwegian Archaeological Review 34: 35–46.10.1080/00293650119347
   Google Scholar
• Magness-Gardiner, B. 2004. “International Conventions and Cultural Heritage Protection.” In Marketing Heritage: Archaeology and Consumption of the Past, edited by Y. Rowan and U. Baram, 27–39. Artamira: Walnut Creek.
   Google Scholar
• Mathers, C., T. Darvill, and B. J. Little, eds. 2005. Heritage of Value, Archaeology of Renown: Reshaping Archaeological Assessment and Significance. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Meskell, L. 2002. “Negative Heritage and Past Mastering in Archaeology.” Anthropological Quarterly 75 (3): 557–574.10.1353/anq.2002.0050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NTVMSNBC.com. 2004. “Zeugma Platformu’ndan açıklama!” March 17, Accessed July 10, 2014. http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/262013.asp
   Google Scholar
• Özdoğan, M. 1991. “Arkeoloji nedir? Ne değildir? Ne olmalıdır? [What is Archaeology? What it is not? What it should be?]” Arkeoloji ve Sanat 52 (53): 20–25.
   Google Scholar
• Özdoğan, M. 1998. “Ideology and Archaeology in Turkey.” In Archaeology Under Fire: Nationalism, Politics and Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, edited by L. Meskell, 111–123. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Özdoğan, M. 2010. “Barajların yok ederken kazandırdıkları [What are Discovered When Dams Destroy Archaeological Sites].” Aktüel Arkeoloji Dergisi, Eylül-Ekim 17: 20–33.
   Google Scholar
• Petzet, M. 2005. Letter to the Prime Minister of Turkey by the President of ICOMOS, September 2. Accessed 10 July, 2014. http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2005/allianoi-020905.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Renfrew, C. 2000. Loot, Legitimacy and Ownership: The Ethical Crisis in Archaeology. London: Duckworth.
   Google Scholar
• Ronayne, M. 2005. The Cultural and Environmental Impact of Large Dams in Southeast Turkey. London: Kurdish Human Rights Project.
   Google Scholar
• Saraç, D. 2003. “History of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Management in Turkey and Europe: A Look from the Past to the Present.” Thesis (MA), Bilkent University, Ankara.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, W. M. K. 2003. Possessors and Possessed: Museums, Archaeology, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shoup, D. 2006. “Can Archaeology Build a Dam?: Sites and Politics in Turkey’s Southeast Anatolia Project.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 19: 231–258.
   Google Scholar
• Shukman, D. 2000. “Turkish Dam Controversy.” BBC News Europe, January 22. Accessed 10 July, 2014. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/614235.stm
   Google Scholar
• Smith, L. 2006. Uses of Heritage. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Strathern, M. 2004. “Transactions: An Analytical Foray.” In Transactions and Creations: Property Debates and the Stimulus of Melanesia, edited by E. Hirsch and M. Strathern, 85–109. Oxford: Berghahn.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, E. 2007. “Protecting One of the Best Roman Mosaics: Ownership and Protection in the Case of the Roman Mosaics from Zeugma, Turkey.” Stanford Journal of Archaeology 5: 183–202.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, E. 2010. “The Idea of Place in the Protection of Cultural Heritage: In the Case of Claims against the Illicit Transaction of Antiquities from Turkey.” Japanese Review of Cultural Anthropology 11: 25–46.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, E. 2013. “Cultural Heritage Issues in Turkey and the Category of ‘Europe’: Roman Mosaic Collections Discovered from Zeugma, Southeast Turkey.” In The Anthropology of Europe as Seen from Japan, edited by A. Mori. Senri Ethnological Studies 81: 149–168.
   Google Scholar
• T.C. Başbakanlık Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü. 2011. Tarihte vakıflar [Vakıfs in History]. Accessed July 10, 2014. http://www.vgm.gov.tr/sayfa.aspx?Id=3
   Google Scholar
• T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi Bölge Kalkınma İdaresi Başkanlığı. 2011. Belkıs ve Zeugma [Belkıs and Zeugma]. Accessed July 10, 2014. http://www.gap.gov.tr/proje-ve-faaliyetler/cevre–fiziksel-gelisme-ve-yerel-yonetimler-genel-koordinatorlugu/belkis-ve-zeugma
   Google Scholar
• T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. 2011. Müze: Gaziantep Mosaic Museum [Museum: Gaziantep Mosaic Museum]. Accessed July 10, 2014. http://www.muze.gov.tr/gaziantep-en
   Google Scholar
• T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü. 2013. Kaçakçılığın önlenmesi ile ilgili faaliyetler [Activities Concerning Preventing from Looting Heritage]. Accessed July 10, 2014. http://www.kulturvarliklari.gov.tr/TR,44454/kacakciligin-onlenmesi-ile-ilgili-faaliyetler.html
   Google Scholar
• The Economist. 2000. “Watery graves.” 355 (8168), 109–110, April 29.
   Google Scholar
• Tuna, N., and J. Öztürk. 1999. Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs: Activities in 1998. ODTÜ TAÇDAM.
   Google Scholar
• Tuna, N., J. Öztürk, and J. Velibeyoğlu. 2000. Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs: Activities in 1999. ODTÜ TAÇDAM.
   Google Scholar
• Tuna, N., and J. Velibeyoğlu. 2002. Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilısu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs: Activities in 2000. ODTÜ TAÇDAM.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2000. “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, November 16, 1972.” US/ICOMOS Scientific Journal-International Cultural Heritage Conventions 2: 19–36.
   Google Scholar
• Young, P. 2000. “Time Running Out for Cultural Treasure.” BBC News Europe, August 1. Accessed July 10, 2014. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/862056.stm
   Google Scholar