To have or not to have? Ethics and regulation of direct to consumer advertising of prescription medicines

REFERENCES

• Abrams, T. (2000) Drug Advertising and Promotion. Food and Drug Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Alperstein, N. and Peyrot, M. (1993) Consumer awareness of prescription drug advertising. Journei of Advertising Research 33,50-6.
   Google Scholar
• American College of Physicians and American Society of Internal Medicine (1998) Direct to Consumer Advertising for Prescription Drugs, available online www.acponline.org/hpp/pospaper/dtcads.htm
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, G. and Ozanne, J. (1983) An evaluation of NAD/NARB purpose and performance. Journal of Advertising 12(3), 15-26.
   Google Scholar
• Basara, LR. (1992) The impact of a DTC prescription medicine advertising campaign on new prescription volume. Drug Information Journal 30, 715-29.
   Google Scholar
• Boddewyn, J. (1985) Advertising self-regulation: private government and agent of public policy. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 4, 129-41.
   Google Scholar
• Boddewyn,J. (1989) Advertising self-regulation: true purpose and limits. Journal of Advertising 18(2), 19-27.
   Google Scholar
• Burak, L. and Damico, A. (1999) Effects of DTCA of pharmaceutical products on college students. Health Marketing Quarterly 17(2), 19-29.
   Google Scholar
• Davis,J. (2000) Riskier than we think? The relationship between risk statement completeness and perceptions of direct to consumer advertised prescription drugs. Journal of Health Communication 5,349-69.
   Google Scholar
• Desselle, S. and Aparasu, R. (2000) Attitudinal dimensions that determine pharmacists' decisions to support direct to consumer advertising of prescription medicines. Drug Information Journal 34(1), 103-14.
   Google Scholar
• Druckrey, F. (1998) How to make business ethics operation: responsible care - an example of successful selfregulation? Journal of Business Ethics 17,979-85.
   Google Scholar
• Everett, S. (1991) Lay audience response to prescription drug advertising. Journal of Advertising Research 31, 43-9.
   Google Scholar
• Food and Drug Administration (1999) Warning Letter Details, available online www.fda.gov/cder/warn/ index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Frankel, M. (1989) Professional codes: why, how, and with what impact? Journal of Business Ethics 8, 109-15.
   Google Scholar
• Galbally, R. (2001) National Competition Review of Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Legislation Options, available online www.health.gov.au/tga/docs/pdf/rdpfina.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Harker, D. (1998) Achieving acceptable advertising: an analysis of advertising regulation in 5 countries. International Marketing Review 15(2), 101-18.
   Google Scholar
• Higgs-Kleyn, N. and Kapelianis, D. (1999) The role of professional codes in regulating ethical conduct. Journal of Business Ethics 19, 363-75.
   Google Scholar
• Jamal, K. and Bowie, N. (1995) Theoretical considerations for a meaningful code of professional ethics.Journal of Business Ethics 14,730-44.
   Google Scholar
• Kopp, S. and Bang, H.-K. (2000) Benefit and risk information in prescription drug advertising: a review of empirical studies and marketing implications. Health Management Quarterly 17(3), 39-56.
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, G. (1995) Advertising Prescription Drugs Directly to the Consumer, available online www.venable.com/ tools/elecmarket/dirtocom.htm
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health (2000) Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicines in New Zealand: A Discussion Paper, available online Www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/7004be0cl9a98f8a4c25692e007bf833/ 60d7a3792a5eb5b7cc256a41000ad997/$FILE/DTCA%20submission%20summary.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health (2001) Summary of Submissions on the Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicines in New Zealand Discussion Paper, available online www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/ 7004beOcl9a98f8a4c25692e007bf833/60d7a3792a5eb5b7cc256a41000ad997/$FILE/ DTCA%20submission%20summary.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Mintzes, B. (2001) Pills, Persuasion and Public Health Policies. Report of an Expert Survey on Direct to Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in Canada, the United States and New Zealand. Centre for Health Services and Public Policy, University of British Columbia.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, L., Brinberg, D., Klimberg, R., Rivera, C. and Millstein, L. (1986a) Consumer attitudes about advertisements of medicinal drugs. Social Science Medicine 22(6), 629-38.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, L., Brinberg, D., Klimberg, R., Rivera, C. and Millstein, L. (1986b) The attitudes of consumers toward direct advertising of prescription drugs. Public Health Reports 101(1),82-9.
   Google Scholar
• Ostrove, N. (1999a) Direct to Consumer Promotion: Enforcement Concerns, available online www.fda.gov/cder/ ddmac/INDEX.HTM
   Google Scholar
• Ostrove, N. (1999b) Direct of Consumer Promotion of Prescription Drugs: History of FDA 's Policy, available online www.fda.gov/cder/ddmac/INDEX.HTM
   Google Scholar
• Ostrove, N. (2000a) Regulating Consumer Directed Restricted Drug Promotion: Recent Developments, available online www.fda.gov/cder/ddmac/INDEX.HTM
   Google Scholar
• Ostrove, N. (2000b) Attitudes and Behaviours Associated with DTC Promotion, available online www.fda.gov/ cder/ddmac/INDEX.HTM
   Google Scholar
• Peyrot, M., Alperstein, N., Van Doren, D. and PoIi, L. (1998) Direct to consumer advertisements can influence behaviour.Marketing Health Services 18(2), 26-32
   Google Scholar
• Pines, W. (1997) Three principles that govern FDA advertising and promotion regulation. Drug Information Journal 31,137-42.
   Google Scholar
• Pinto, M., Pinto, J. and Barber, J. (1998) The impact of pharmaceutical direct advertising: opportunities and obstructions. Health Marketing Quarterly 15(4), 89-101.
   Google Scholar
• R east, J. and Carson, A. (2000) UK physician's attitudes towards direct to consumer advertising of prescription drugs: an exploratory analysis. International Journal of Advertising 19,397-415.
   Google Scholar
• Researched Medicines Industry (2000) Direct to Consumer Advertising can Enhance Public Health, available online www.rmianz.co.nz/Briefing%20Papers/dtc.htm
   Google Scholar
• Roth, M. (1996) Patterns in direct to consumer prescription drug advertising and their public policy implications.JoMftta/ of Public Policy and Marketing 15(1), 63-75.
   Google Scholar
• Sheffet, M. and Kopp, S. (1997) Advertising prescription drugs to the public: headache or relief? Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 9,42-61.
   Google Scholar
• Sheffet and Kopp (1997) Letter to EC Consultation on Advertising and Electronic Commerce.
   Google Scholar
• Wiggs, G. (1999) The boundaries of commercial speech. In World Congress of the World Federation of Advertisers, Seoul,23 May,available online www.asa.co.nz/commercial_speech/boundaries1.htm
   Google Scholar
• Wilkes, M., Bell, R. and Kravitz, R. (2000) D-T-C prescription drug advertising: trends, impact and implications. Health Affairs 19(2), 110-28.
   Google Scholar
• Wotruba, T. (1997) Industry self-regulation: a review and extension to a global setting. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 16(1), 38-54.
   Google Scholar