References
- Alderman , G. 2009 . Defining and measuring academic standards: a British perspective . Higher Education Management and Policy , 21 ( 3 ) : 11 – 22 .
- Ashworth , M. , Bloxham , S. and Pearce , L. 2010 . Examining the tension between academic standards and inclusion for disabled students: the impact on marking of individual academics’ frameworks for assessment . Studies in Higher Education , 35 ( 2 ) : 209 – 23 .
- Bloxham, S. & Boyd, P., 2011, ‘Accountability in grading student work: securing academic standards in a twenty-first century quality assurance context’, British Educational Research Journal. Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2011.569007.
- Bloxham , S. , Boyd , P. and Orr , S. 2011 . Mark my words: the role of assessment criteria in UK higher education grading practices . Studies in Higher Education , 36 ( 6 ) : 655 – 70 .
- Boyd, P. & Bloxham, S., 2011, ‘Grading student work: the workplace learning of university lecturers in their role as assessors of student coursework’, paper presented at the Society for Research in Higher Education Conference, Newport, Wales, 7–9 December.
- Brennan , J. 1996 . “ Introduction: the standards debate ” . In Changing Conceptions of Academic Standards , Edited by: Brennan , J. London : Open University Quality Support Centre .
- Broad , B. 2000 . Pulling your hair out: crises of standardization in communal writing . Research in the Teaching of English , 35 : 213 – 60 .
- Broad , B. 2003 . What We Really Value: Beyond rubrics in teaching and assessing writing , Logan : Utah State University Press .
- Bruner , J.S. 1996 . The Culture of Education , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
- Carless , D. 2009 . Trust, distrust and their impact on assessment reform . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 34 ( 1 ) : 78 – 89 .
- Coates , H. 2010 . Defining and monitoring academic standards in Australian higher education . Higher Education Management and Policy , 22 ( 1 ) : 41 – 58 .
- Crisp , V. 2008 . Exploring the nature of examiner thinking during the process of examination marking . Cambridge Journal of Education , 38 ( 2 ) : 247 – 64 .
- Delandshere , G. 2001 . Implicit theories, unexamined assumptions and the status quo of educational assessment . Assessment in Education , 8 ( 2 ) : 113 – 33 .
- Delaney, C.M., 2005, ‘The evaluation of university students’ written work’, paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Glamorgan, Wales, 14–17 September.
- den Outer, B. & Handley, K., 2010, ‘Standards, situation and self-criticality: exploring situational analysis, grounded theory and the postmodern turn, to enhance reflexive practice in higher education research’, paper presented at the Higher Education Close Up 5 Conference, Lancaster, UK, 20–22 July.
- Dobson , S. 2008a . Applying a validity argument model to three examples of the viva . Nordisk Pedagogik , 28 : 332 – 44 .
- Dobson , S. 2008b . Theorising the viva: a qualitative approach . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 33 ( 3 ) : 277 – 88 .
- Elander , J. and Hardman , D. 2002 . An application of judgement analysis to examination marking in psychology . British Journal of Psychology , 93 : 303 – 28 .
- Gaunt , D. 1999 . The practitioner as external examiner . Quality in Higher Education , 5 ( 1 ) : 81 – 90 .
- Grainger , P. , Purnell , K. and Zipf , R. 2008 . Judging quality through substantive conversations between markers . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 33 ( 2 ) : 133 – 42 .
- Greatorex, J., 2000, ‘Is the glass half full or half empty? What examiners really think of candidates’ achievement’, paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Conference, Cardiff, Wales, 7–10 September.
- Hartley , J. , Trueman , M. , Betts , L. and Brodie , L. 2006 . What price presentation? The effects of typographic variables on essay grades . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 31 ( 5 ) : 523 – 34 .
- Harvey , L. 2002 . Evaluation for what? . Teaching in Higher Education , 7 ( 3 ) : 246 – 63 .
- Hawe , E. 2002 . Assessment in a pre-service teacher education programme: the rhetoric and the practice of standards-based assessment . Asia Pacific Journal of Teacher Education , 30 : 93 – 106 .
- Hunter , K. and Docherty , P. 2011 . Reducing variation in the assessment of student writing . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 36 ( 1 ) : 109 – 24 .
- Jackson , N. 1999 . “ Foreword ” . In Benchmarking and Threshold Standards in Higher Education , Edited by: Smith , H. , Armstrong , M. and Brown , S. London : Kogan Page .
- Jawitz , J. 2009 . Learning in the academic workplace. the harmonization of the collective and individual habitus . Studies in Higher Education , 34 ( 6 ) : 601 – 14 .
- Kangis , P. 2001 . Presentational dimensions and marks awarded to assignments . Quality in Higher Education , 7 ( 3 ) : 199 – 206 .
- Kappler, K., 2004, ‘NCATE: wolf in shepherd’s clothes’, in Poetter, T., Goodney, T. & Bird. J. (Eds.), Critical Perspectives on the Curriculum of Teacher Education (Lanham, MD, University Press of America).
- Knight , P. 2006 . The local practices of assessment . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 31 ( 4 ) : 435 – 52 .
- Leach , L. , Neutze , G. and Zepke , N. 2001 . Assessment and empowerment: some critical questions . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 26 ( 4 ) : 293 – 305 .
- Martin , S. and Cloke , C. 2000 . Standards for the award of qualified teacher status: reflections on assessment implications . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 25 ( 2 ) : 183 – 90 .
- Middlehurst , R. 1996 . “ Degree standards and quality assurance: a discussion ” . In Changing Conceptions of Academic Standards , Edited by: Brennan , J. London : Open University Quality Support Centre .
- Milanovic , M. , Saville , N. and Shuhong , S. 1996 . “ A study of the decision-making behaviour of composition markers ” . In Performance Testing, Cognition and Assessment , Edited by: Milanovic , M. and Saville , N. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Morgan , W. and Wyatt-Smith , C.M. 2000 . Im/proper accountability: towards a theory of critical literacy and assessment . Assessment in Education , 7 ( 1 ) : 123 – 42 .
- Moss , P.A. and Schutz , A. 2001 . Educational standards, assessment and the search for consensus . American Educational Research Journal , 38 ( 1 ) : 37 – 70 .
- Mullins , G. and Kiley , M. 2002 . It’s a PhD, not a Nobel prize”: how experienced examiners assess research theses . Studies in Higher Education , 27 ( 4 ) : 369 – 86 .
- Neil , D.T. and Wadley , D.A. 1999 . A generic framework for criterion-referenced assessment of undergraduate essays . Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 23 ( 3 ) : 303 – 19 .
- Norcini , J.J. and Shea , J.A. 1997 . The credibility and comparability of standards . Applied Measurement in Education , 10 ( 1 ) : 39 – 59 .
- O’Donovan , B. , Price , M. and Rust , C. 2004 . Know what I mean? Enhancing student understanding of assessment standards and criteria . Teaching in Higher Education , 9 ( 3 ) : 325 – 35 .
- O’Donovan , B. , Price , M. and Rust , C. 2008 . Developing student understanding of assessment standards: a nested hierarchy of approaches . Teaching in Higher Education , 13 ( 2 ) : 205 – 17 .
- Orr , S. 2008 . “ Real or imagined? The shift from norm referencing to criterion referencing ” . In Balancing Dilemmas in Assessment and Learning in Contemporary Education , Edited by: Havnes , A. and McDowell , L. London : Routledge .
- Orr , S. 2010 . We kind of try to merge our own experience with the objectivity of the criteria”: the role of connoisseurship and tacit practice in undergraduate fine art assessment . Art, Design and Communication in Higher Education , 9 ( 1 ) : 5 – 19 .
- Orrell , J. 2003 . “ Congruence and disjunctions between academics’ thinking when assessing and their beliefs about assessment practice ” . In Improving Student Learning: Theory, research and scholarship , Edited by: Rust , C. Oxford : Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development .
- Orrell , J. 2008 . “ Assessment beyond belief: the cognitive process of grading ” . In Balancing Dilemmas in Assessment and Learning in Contemporary Education , Edited by: Havnes , A. and McDowell , L. London : Routledge .
- Popham , W.J. 2009 . Unlearned Lessons: Six stumbling blocks to our schools’ success , Cambridge , MA : Harvard Educational Press .
- Price , M. , O’Donovan , B. and Rust , C. 2001 . The student experience of criterion-referenced assessment (through the introduction of a common criteria assessment grid) . Innovations in Education and Teaching International , 38 ( 1 ) : 74 – 85 .
- Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) . 2010 . Evaluation of the Academic Infrastructure: Final report , Gloucester , , UK : QAA .
- Ross , V. 2009 . External music examiners: micro-macro tasks in quality assurance practices . Music Education Research , 11 ( 4 ) : 473 – 84 .
- Rust , C. , O’Donovan , B. and Price , M. 2003 . Improving students learning by developing their understanding of assessment criteria and processes . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 28 ( 2 ) : 147 – 64 .
- Rust , C. , O’Donovan , B. and Price , M. 2005 . A social constructivist assessment process model: how the research literature shows us this could be best practice . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 30 ( 3 ) : 231 – 40 .
- Sadler , D.R. 1987 . Specifying and promulgating achievement standards . Oxford Review of Education , 13 ( 2 ) : 191 – 209 .
- Sadler , D.R. 1989 . Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems . Instructional Science , 18 ( 2 ) : 119 – 44 .
- Sadler , D.R. 2005 . Interpretations of criteria-based assessment and grading in higher education . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 30 ( 2 ) : 175 – 94 .
- Sadler , D.R. 2009a . Indeterminancy in the use of preset criteria for assessment and grading . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 34 ( 2 ) : 159 – 79 .
- Sadler , D.R. 2009b . “ Transforming holistic assessment and grading into a vehicle for complex learning ” . In Assessment, Learning and Judgement in Higher Education , Edited by: Joughin , G. New York : Springer .
- Sadler , D.R. 2011 . Academic freedom, achievement standards and professional identity . Quality in Higher Education , 17 ( 1 ) : 85 – 100 .
- Salmi , J. 2009 . The Growing Accountability Agenda in Tertiary Education: Progress or missed blessing? , Washington , DC : World Bank .
- Shay, S., 2004, ‘The assessment of complex performance. a socially situated interpretive act’, Harvard Educational Review, 74(3), pp. 307–29.
- Shay , S. 2005 . The assessment of complex tasks: a double reading . Studies in Higher Education , 30 ( 6 ) : 663 – 79 .
- Shay , S. 2008 . Beyond social constructivist perspectives on assessment: the centring of knowledge . Teaching in Higher Education , 13 ( 5 ) : 595 – 605 .
- Silver , H. and Williams , S. 1996 . “ Academic standards and the external examiner ” . In Changing Conceptions of Academic Standards , Edited by: Brennan , J. London : Open University Quality Support Centre .
- Stiggins , R.J. 1991 . Assessment literacy . Phi Delta Kappan , 72 ( 7 ) : 534 – 39 .
- Tang , S.Y.F. 2008 . Issues in field experience assessment in teacher education in a standards based context . Journal of Education for Teaching , 34 ( 1 ) : 17 – 32 .
- Vaughan , C. 1991 . “ Holistic assessment: what goes on in the rater’s mind? ” . In Assessing Second Language Writing in Academic Contexts , Edited by: Hamp-Lyons , L. Norwood , NJ : Ablex .
- Warren Piper , D. 1994 . Are Professors Professional , London : Jessica Kingsley .
- Wolf , A. 1995 . Competence-based Assessment , Buckingham , , UK : Open University Press .
- Woolf , H. 2004 . Assessment criteria: reflections on current practices . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 29 ( 4 ) : 479 – 93 .
- Woolf , H. and Cooper , A. 1999 . Benchmarking academic standards in history: an empirical exercise . Quality in Higher Education , 5 ( 2 ) : 145 – 54 .
- Yorke , M. 2008 . Grading Student Achievement in Higher Education , London : Routledge .
- Yorke , M. 2009 . “ Faulty signals? Inadequacies of grading systems and a possible response ” . In Assessment, Learning and Judgement in Higher Education , Edited by: Joughin , G. New York : Springer .
- Yorke , M. 2011 . Summative assessment: dealing with the ‘measurement fallacy . Studies in Higher Education , 36 ( 3 ) : 251 – 73 .