References
- Borges PCG, Ramos JFD, Depes DB, et al. Dismenorréia e endométrio. Revista Femina. 2007;35:789–795.
- Lagana AS, Rosa VL, Rapisarda AMC, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with endometriosis: impact and management challenges. Int J Women’s Health. 2017;9:323–330.
- Lagana AS, Vergara D, Favilli A, et al. Epigenetic and genetic landscape of uterine leiomyomas: a current view over a common gynecological disease. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017;296:855–867.
- Yang L, Chai C, Yue X, et al. Ge-Gen Decoction attenuates oxytocin-induced uterine contraction and writhing response: potential application in primary dysmenorrhea therapy. Chin J Nat Med. 2016;14:124–132.
- Facchin F, Saita E, Mosconi P, et al. Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and mental health: pelvic pain makes the difference. J Psychosomatic Obstet Gynecol. 2015;36:135–141.
- Nunes JM, Rodrigues JA, Moura MSF, et al. Prevalência de dismenorreia em universitárias e sua relação com absenteísmo escolar, exercício físico e uso de medicamentos. Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde. 2013;26:381–386.
- Ortiz MI, Cortes-Marquez SK, Romero-Quezada LC, et al. Effect of a physiotherapy program in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Eur J Obstetrics Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2015;194:24–29.
- Chauhan M, Kala J. Relation between dysmenorrhea and body mass index in adolescents with rural versus urban variation. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2012;62:442–445.
- French L. Dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:285–291.
- Lewis TD, Malik M, Britten J, et al. A comprehensive review of the pharmacologic management of uterine leiomyoma. Biomed Res Int. 2018;1–11.
- Lorensen M, Wilson M, White M. Norwegian families: transition to parenthood. Health Care Women Int. 2004;25:334–348.
- Bortolon FF, Sato ME, Andreazza RCS, et al. Effect of enhancers on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of piroxicam from compounding formulations. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas. 2008;44:433–440.
- Özgüney SI, Karasulu HY, Kantarci G, et al. Transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium through rat skin from various formulations. J Am Assoc Pharm Sci. 2006;7:39–45.
- Gill HS, Andrews SN, Sakthivel SK, et al. Selective removal of stratum corneum by microdermabrasion to increase skin permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2009;38:95–103.
- Moser K, Kriwet K, Froehlich C, et al. Permeation enhancement of a highly lipophilic drug supersaturated systems. J Pharm Sci. 2001;90:607–616.
- Azima S, Bakhshayesh HR, Kaviani M, et al. Comparison of the effect of massage therapy and isometric exercises on primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015;28:486–491.
- Shirvani MA, Motahari-Tabari N, Alipour A. The effect of mefenamic acid and ginger on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;291:1277–1281.
- Ji F, Yang X, Al AXZ, et al. Role of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in dysmenorrhea due to adenomyosis and the influence on ovarian function. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2014;41:677–678.
- Caruso S, Cianci S, Vitale SG, et al. Sexual function and quality of life of women adopting the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS 13.5 mg) after abortion for unintended pregnancy. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2018;23:24–31.
- Apay SE, Arslan S, Akpinar RB, et al. Effect of aromatherapy massage on dysmenorrhea in Turkish students. Pain Manage Nurs. 2012;13:236–240.
- Dehkordi ZR, Baharanchi FSH, Bekhrad IR. Effect of lavender inhalation on the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual bleeding: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2014;22:212–219.
- Uysal M, Doğru HY, Sapmaz E, et al. Investigating the effect of rose essential oil in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:45–49.
- Kannan P, Chapple CM, Miller D, et al. Menstrual pain and quality of life in women with primary dysmenorrhea: rationale, design, and interventions of a randomized controlled trial of effects of a treadmill-based exercise intervention. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015;42:81–89.
- Rakhshaee Z. Effect of three yoga poses (cobra, cat and fish poses) in women with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011;24:192–196.
- Wang SF, Lee JP, Hwa HL. Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on primary dysmenorrhea. Neuromodulation. 2009;12:302–309.
- Tugay N, Akbayrak T, Demirtürk F, et al. Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current in primary dysmenorrhea. Pain Med. 2007;8:295–300.
- Sriprasert I, Suerungruang S, Athilarp P, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture versus combined oral contraceptive pill in treatment of moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;1–10.
- Kempf D, Berger D, Ausfeld-Hafter B, et al. Dysmenorrhoe: eine randomisierte kontrollierte doppelblinde pilotstudie. Complement Med Res. 2019;16:6–12.
- Baldan CS, Freitas CD, Zambello L. Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) alivia a dismenorreia primária: estudo clínico, controlado e randomizado. J Health Sci Inst. 2013;31:193–196.
- Lauretti GR, Oliveira R, Parada F, et al. The new portable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device was efficacious in the control of primary dysmenorrhea cramp pain. Neuromodulation. 2014;18:522–527.
- Gaubeca-Gilarranz A, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Medina-Torres JR, et al. Effectiveness of dry needling of rectus abdominis trigger points for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea: a randomised parallel-group trial. Acupuncture Med. 2018;1:1–9.
- Balunas MJ, Jones WP, Chin YW, et al. Relationships between inhibitory activity against a cancer cell line panel, profiles of plants collected, and compound classes isolated in an anticâncer drug discovery project. Chem Biodivers. 2006;3:897–915.
- Varanda EA Atividade mutagênica de plantas medicinais. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada. 2006;27:1–7.
- Abd-El-Maeboud KHI, Kortam MAMF, Ali MS, et al. A preliminary pilot randomized crossover study of uzara (Xysmalobium undulatum) versus ibuprofen in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. PLoS One. 2014;9:48–55.
- Ghodsi Z, Asltoghiri M. The effect of fennel on pain quality, symptoms, and menstrual duration in primary dysmenorrhea. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2014;27:283–286.
- Mirabi P, Dolatian M, Mojab F, et al. Effects of valerian on the severity and systemic manifestations of dysmenorrhea. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2011;115:285–288.
- Lee B, Hong SH, Kim K, et al. Efficacy of the device combining high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and thermotherapy for relieving primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2015;194:58–63.
- Shin Y, Kim N, Park K, et al. Skin adhesive low-level light therapy for dysmenorrhoea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;286:947–952.
- Rigi SN, Kermansaravi F, Navidian A, et al. Comparing the analgesic effect of heat patch containing iron chip and ibuprofen for primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Women’s Health. 2012;12:327–345.
- Potur DC, Bilgin NC, Komurcu N. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in university students in Turkey: effect on daily activities and evaluation of different pain management methods. Pain Manage Nurs. 2014;15:768–777.
- Bahamondes L, Petta CA, Fernandes A, et al. Use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in women with endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. Contraception. 2006;75:134–139.
- Hong G, Shin B, Park S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of self-adhesive low-level light therapy in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2016;133:37–42.