49
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Rheumatoid arthritis extra-articular lung disease: new insights on pathogenesis and experimental drugs

ORCID Icon, , , , , , & show all
Received 31 Dec 2023, Accepted 02 Jul 2024, Published online: 05 Jul 2024

References

  • Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016;388(10055):2023–2038. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30173-8
  • Manfredi A, Cassone G, Luppi F, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis related interstitial lung disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2021;17(5):485–497. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2021.1905524
  • Chatzidionisyou A, Catrina AI. The lung in rheumatoid arthritis, cause or consequence? Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2016;28(1):76–82. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000238
  • Yunt ZX, Solomon JJ. Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2015;41(2):225–236. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2014.12.004
  • Shaw M, Collins BF, Ho LA, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2015;24(135):1–16. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00008014
  • Juge PA, Crestani B, Dieudé P. Recent advances in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2020;26(5):477–486. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000710
  • Lugli EB, Correia RESM, Fischer R, et al. Expression of citrulline and homocitrulline residues in the lungs of non-smokers and smokers: implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0520-x
  • Reynisdottir G, Karimi R, Joshua V, et al. Structural changes and antibody enrichment in the lungs are early features of anti–citrullinated protein antibody–positive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(1):31–39. doi: 10.1002/art.38201
  • Makrygiannakis D, Hermansson M, Ulfgren AK, et al. Smoking increases peptidylarginine deiminase 2 enzyme expression in human lungs and increases citrullination in BAL cells. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(10):1488–1492. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.075192
  • Vossenaar ER, Smeets TJM, Kraan MC, et al. The presence of citrullinated proteins is not specific for rheumatoid synovial tissue. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(11):3485–3494. doi: 10.1002/art.20584
  • Cassone G, Manfredi A, Vacchi C, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: lights and shadows. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):1082. doi: 10.3390/jcm9041082.
  • Narváez J, Díaz Del Campo Fontecha P, Brito García N, et al. SER-SEPAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease. Part 2: treatment. Reumatol Clin. 2022;18(9):501–512. doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2022.03.005
  • Flaherty KR, Wells AU, Cottin V, et al. Nintedanib in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1718–1727. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1908681
  • Luppi F, Sebastiani M, Sverzellati N, et al. Lung complications of Sjogren syndrome. Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29(157):1–17. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2020
  • Kakavas S, Kotsiou OS, Perlikos F, et al. Pulmonary function testing in COPD: looking beyond the curtain of FEV1. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2021;31(1):23. doi: 10.1038/s41533-021-00236-w
  • Ma Y, Tong H, Zhang X, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1123-x
  • Ruiz-Esquide V, Gómara MJ, Peinado VI, et al. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies in the serum of heavy smokers without rheumatoid arthritis. A differential effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(7):1047–1050. doi: 10.1007/s10067-012-1971-y
  • Zaccardelli A, Liu X, Ford JA, et al. Elevated anti–citrullinated protein antibodies prior to rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis and risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Arthritis Care Res. 2021;73(4):498–509. doi: 10.1002/acr.24140
  • Shen TC, Lin CL, Wei CC, et al. The risk of asthma in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. QJM. 2014;107(6):435–442. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu008
  • Ford JA, Liu X, Chu SH, et al. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and subsequent risk for incident rheumatoid arthritis among women: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(5):704–713. doi: 10.1002/art.41194
  • Kim SY, Min C, Oh DJ, et al. Increased risk of asthma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):6957. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43481-3
  • Luo Y, Fan X, Jiang C, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in asthma exacerbations: a nationwide study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(7):1971–1976. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4114-2
  • Zaccardelli A, Liu X, Ford JA, et al. Asthma and elevation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):246. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-2035-3
  • Friedlander HM, Ford JA, Zaccardelli A, et al. Obstructive lung diseases and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2020;16(1):37–50. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2019.1698293
  • Pipavath SJ, Lynch DA, Cool C, et al. Radiologic and pathologic features of bronchiolitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185(2):354–363. doi: 10.2214/ajr.185.2.01850354
  • Lu J, Ma M, Zhao Q, et al. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of follicular bronchiolitis in Chinese adult patients. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):7300. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25670-8
  • Duarte AC, Porter J, Leandro MJ. Bronchiectasis in rheumatoid arthritis. A clinical appraisial. Joint Bone Spine. 2020;87(5):419–424. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.12.006
  • Matson SM, Kristen Demoruelle M, Castro M. Airway disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2022;19(3):343–352. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202107-876CME.
  • Wilczynska MM, Condliffe AM, McKeon DJ. Coexistence of bronchiectasis and rheumatoid arthritis: revisited. Respir Care. 2013;58(4):694–701. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01857
  • Bilgici A, Ulusoy H, Kuru O, et al. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2005;25(6):429–435. doi: 10.1007/s00296-004-0472-y
  • McMahon MJ, Swinson DR, Shettar S, et al. Bronchiectasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52(11):776–779. doi: 10.1136/ard.52.11.776
  • Demoruelle MK, Weisman MH, Simonian PL, et al. Brief Report: Airways abnormalities and rheumatoid arthritis–related autoantibodies in subjects without arthritis: Early injury or initiating site of autoimmunity? Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(6):1756–1761. doi: 10.1002/art.34344
  • Puéchal X, Fajac I, Bienvenu T, et al. Increased frequency of cystic fibrosis deltaF508 mutation in bronchiectasis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Respir J. 1999;13(6):1281–1287. doi: 10.1183/09031936.99.13612889
  • Jurik AG, Graudal H. Pleurisy in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1983;12(2):75–80. doi: 10.3109/03009748309102888
  • Alunno A, Gerli R, Giacomelli R, et al. Clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological features of respiratory involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7915340. doi: 10.1155/2017/7915340
  • Yao X, Hamid MA, Sundaralingam A, et al. Clinical perspective and practices on pleural effusions in chronic systemic inflammatory diseases. Breathe. 2020;16(4):200203–200209. doi: 10.1183/20734735.0203-2020
  • Karkhanis VS, Joshi JM. Pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management. Open Access Emerg Med. 2012;4:31–52. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S29942
  • Aksoy A, Kocakaya D, Yalçinkaya Y, et al. Outcome of solid and cavitary pulmonary nodules in rheumatoid arthritis patients-case series. Turk J Med Sci. 2022;52(5):1713–1720. doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5514
  • Esposito AJ, Chu SG, Madan R, et al. Thoracic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chest Med. 2019;40(3):545–560. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.05.003
  • Tilstra JS, Lienesch DW. Rheumatoid nodules. Dermatol Clin. 2015;33(3):361–371. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2015.03.004
  • Chansakul T, Dellaripa PF, Doyle TJ, et al. Intra-thoracic rheumatoid arthritis: imaging spectrum of typical findings and treatment related complications. Eur J Radiol. 2015;84(10):1981–1991. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.07.008
  • Sargin G, Senturk T. Multiple pulmonary rheumatoid nodules. Reumatologia. 2015;53(5):276–278. doi: 10.5114/reum.2015.55831
  • Koslow M, Young JR, Yi ES, et al. Rheumatoid pulmonary nodules: clinical and imaging features compared with malignancy. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(4):1684–1692. doi: 10.1007/s00330-018-5755-x
  • Spagnolo P, Cordier JF, Cottin V. Connective tissue diseases, multimorbidity and the ageing lung. Eur Respir J. 2016;47(5):1535–1558. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00829-2015
  • Hunninghake GM. Interstitial lung abnormalities: erecting fences in the path towards advanced pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax. 2019;74(5):506–511. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212446
  • Sgalla G, Walsh SLF, Sverzellati N, et al. “Velcro-type” crackles predict specific radiologic features of fibrotic interstitial lung disease. BMC Pulm Med. 2018;18(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s12890-018-0670-0
  • Pancaldi F, Sebastiani M, Cassone G, et al. Analysis of pulmonary sounds for the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. Comput Biol Med. 2018;96:91–97. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.03.006
  • Manfredi A, Cassone G, Cerri S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a velcro sound detector (VECTOR) for interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients: the InSPIRAtE validation study (INterStitial pneumonia in rheumatoid ArThritis with an electronic device). BMC Pulm Med. 2019;19(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12890-019-0875-x
  • Delle Sedie A, Terslev L, Bruyn GAW, et al. Standardization of interstitial lung disease assessment by ultrasound: results from a delphi process and web-reliability exercise by the OMERACT ultrasound working group. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2024;65:152406. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152406
  • Vicente-Rabaneda EF, Bong DA, Busquets-Pérez N, et al. Ultrasound evaluation of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Rheumatol. 2022. doi: 10.5152/EUJRHEUM.2022.20120
  • Vicente-Rabaneda EF, Atienza-Mateo B, Blanco R, et al. Efficacy and safety of abatacept in interstitial lung disease of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(6):102830. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102830
  • Dawson JK, Fewins HE, Desmond J, et al. Fibrosing alveolitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as assessed by high resolution computed tomography, chest radiography, and pulmonary function tests. Thorax. 2001;56(8):622–627. doi: 10.1136/thx.56.8.622
  • Panagopoulos P, Goules A, Hoffmann-Vold AM, et al. Natural history and screening of interstitial lung disease in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X211037519. doi: 10.1177/1759720X211037519
  • Ciancio N, Pavone M, Torrisi SE, et al. Contribution of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to the diagnosis and follow up of connective tissue diseases. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2019;14(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s40248-019-0179-2
  • Wells A, Devaraj A, Renzoni EA, et al. Multidisciplinary evaluation in patients with lung disease associated with connective tissue disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;40(2):184–193. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1684020
  • Sebastiani M, Cassone G, De Pasquale L, et al. Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features: a single center prospective follow-up study. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(2):102451. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102451
  • Fischer A, Antoniou KM, Brown KK, et al. An official European respiratory society/American thoracic society research statement: interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(4):976–987. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00150-2015
  • Zamora-Legoff JA, Krause ML, Crowson CS, et al. Patterns of interstitial lung disease and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2017;56(10):1825–1825. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex299
  • Selman M, Pardo A, Wells AU. Usual interstitial pneumonia as a stand-alone diagnostic entity: the case for a paradigm shift? Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(2):188–196. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00475-1
  • Juge PA, Borie R, Kannengiesser C, et al. Shared genetic predisposition in rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease and familial pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Resp J. 2017;49(5):1602314. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02314-2016.
  • Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC, et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(16):1503–1512. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1013660
  • Juge PA, Lee JS, Ebstein E, et al. MUC5B promoter variant and rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(23):2209–2219. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801562.
  • Singh JA. Risks and benefits of janus kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis — past, present, and future. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(4):387–389. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2117663
  • Sebastiani M, Venerito V, Laurino E, et al. Fibrosing progressive interstitial lung disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a multicentre Italian study. J Clin Med. 2023;12(22):7041. doi: 10.3390/jcm12227041
  • Luppi F, Cerri S, Taddei S, et al. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a clinical review. Intern Emerg Med. 2015;10(4):401–411. doi: 10.1007/s11739-015-1204-x
  • Luppi F, Sebastiani M, Salvarani C, et al. Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021;18(2):85–96. doi: 10.1038/s41584-021-00721-z
  • Suda T, Kaida Y, Nakamura Y, et al. Acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular diseases. Respir Med. 2009;103(6):846–853. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.12.019
  • Manfredi A, Sebastiani M, Cerri S, et al. Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases secondary to systemic rheumatic diseases: a prospective study and review of the literature. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(4):1621–1628. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.03.28
  • Wang T, Zheng XJ, Ji YL, et al. Tumour markers in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34(4):587–591
  • Doyle TJ, Patel AS, Hatabu H, et al. Detection of rheumatoid arthritis–interstitial lung disease is enhanced by serum biomarkers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(12):1403–1412. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201411-1950OC
  • Avouac J, Cauvet A, Steelandt A, et al. Improving risk-stratification of rheumatoid arthritis patients for interstitial lung disease. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0232978. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232978
  • Kim HC, Choi KH, Jacob J, et al. Prognostic role of blood KL-6 in rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(3):e0229997. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229997
  • d’Alessandro M, Bergantini L, Cameli P, et al. Krebs von den Lungen-6 as a biomarker for disease severity assessment in interstitial lung disease: a comprehensive review. Biomark Med. 2020;14(8):665–674. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0545
  • Chen J, Doyle TJ, Liu Y, et al. Biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(1):28–38. doi: 10.1002/art.38904
  • Song JW, Do KH, Jang SJ, et al. Blood biomarkers MMP-7 and SP-A: predictors of outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 2013;143(5):1422–1429. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2735
  • Prasse A, Probst C, Bargagli E, et al. Serum CC-chemokine ligand 18 concentration predicts outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(8):717–723. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200808-1201OC
  • Lai NL, Jia W, Wang X, et al. Risk factors and changes of peripheral NK and T cells in pulmonary interstitial fibrosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Can Respir J. 2019;2019:7262065. doi: 10.1155/2019/7262065
  • Kucuksezer UC, Aktas Cetin E, Esen F, et al. The role of natural killer cells in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2021;12:622306. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622306
  • Wang HF, Wang YY, Li ZY, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2024;56(1):2332406. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2332406
  • Zhang M, Yin J, Zhang X, et al. Factors associated with interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2023;18(6):e0286191. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286191
  • Paulin F, Doyle TJ, Mercado JF, et al. Development of a risk indicator score for the identification of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatol Clin. 2021;17(4):207–211. doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2019.05.007
  • Juge PA, Granger B, Debray MP, et al. A risk score to detect subclinical rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(11):1755–1765. doi: 10.1002/art.42162
  • Kim Y, Yang HI, Kim KS. Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(19):14509. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914509
  • Lee H, Lee S Il, Kim HO. Recent advances in basic and clinical aspects of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung diseases. J Rheum Dis. 2022;29:61–70. doi: 10.4078/jrd.2022.29.2.61
  • Luppi F, Manfredi A, Faverio P, et al. The usual Interstitial pneumonia pattern in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. BMC Pulm Med. 2023;23(1):501. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02783-z
  • Barnett J, Devaraj A. Computed tomographic imaging in connective tissue diseases. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;40(2):159–172. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1685165
  • Honda T, Imaizumi K, Yokoi T, et al. Differential Th1/Th2 chemokine expression in interstitial pneumonia. Am J Med Sci. 2010;339(1):41–48. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181c14aaa
  • Yoshinouchi T, Naniwa T, Shimizu S, et al. Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 in lymphocytes of idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Respir Med. 2007;101(6):1258–1264. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.019
  • Pardo A, Selman M. The interplay of the genetic architecture, aging, and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2021;64(2):163–172. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0373PS
  • Wu EK, Ambrosini RD, Kottmann RM, et al. Reinterpreting evidence of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease to understand etiology. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2019;15(4):277–289. doi: 10.2174/1573397115666190116102451
  • Matson S, Lee J, Eickelberg O. Two sides of the same coin? A review of the similarities and differences between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(5):2002533. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02533-2020
  • Jiang D, Dey T, Liu G. Recent developments in the pathobiology of lung myofibroblasts. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021;15(2):239–247. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1829972
  • Inui N, Sakai S, Kitagawa M. Molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, with focus on pathways related to TGF-β and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):6107. doi: 10.3390/ijms22116107
  • Ong CH, Tham CL, Harith HH, et al. TGF-β-induced fibrosis: a review on the underlying mechanism and potential therapeutic strategies. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;911:174510. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174510
  • Ortiz-Zapater E, Signes‐Costa J, Montero P, et al. Lung fibrosis and fibrosis in the lungs: Is it all about myofibroblasts? Biomedicines. 2022;10(6):1423. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10061423
  • Pokhreal D, Crestani B, Helou DG. Macrophage implication in IPF: updates on Immune, Epigenetic, and metabolic pathways. Cells. 2023;12(17):2193. doi: 10.3390/cells12172193
  • Nemeth J, Schundner A, Frick M. Insights into development and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from single cell RNA studies. Front Med. 2020;7:611728. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.611728
  • Jia M, Rosas L, Kapetanaki MG, et al. Early events marking lung fibroblast transition to profibrotic state in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res. 2023;24(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12931-023-02419-0
  • Korsunsky I, Wei K, Pohin M, et al. Cross-tissue, single-cell stromal atlas identifies shared pathological fibroblast phenotypes in four chronic inflammatory diseases. Med. 2022;3(7):481–518.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.05.002
  • Zhang J, Wang D, Wang L, et al. Profibrotic effect of IL-17A and elevated IL-17RA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease support a direct role for IL-17A/IL-17RA in human fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2019;316(3):L487–L497. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2018
  • Yuan H, Jiao L, Yu N, et al. Histone deacetylase 3-mediated inhibition of microRNA-19a-3p facilitates the development of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Front Physiol. 2020;11:549656. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.549656
  • Wang S, Liu M, Li X, et al. Canonical and noncanonical regulatory roles for JAK2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J. 2022;36(6):e22336. doi: 10.1096/fj.202101436R
  • Zhang C, Wang S, Lau J, et al. IL-23 amplifies the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mechanically conditioned alveolar epithelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease through mTOR/S6 signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021;321(6):L1006–L1022. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00292.2021
  • Han S, Lu Q, Liu X. Advances in cellular senescence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2023;25(4):145. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11844
  • Zheng B, de Moura CS, Machado M, et al. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, and interstitial lung disease onset in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40:1280–1284. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/i9au1r
  • Cerro Chiang G, Parimon T. Understanding interstitial lung diseases associated with connective tissue disease (CTD-ILD): genetics, cellular pathophysiology, and biologic drivers. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(3):2405. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032405
  • Oka S, Higuchi T, Furukawa H, et al. Serum rheumatoid factor IgA, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies with secretory components, and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies associate with interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04985-0
  • England BR, Duryee MJ, Roul P, et al. Malondialdehyde–acetaldehyde adducts and antibody responses in rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(9):1483–1493. doi: 10.1002/art.40900
  • Diesler R, Cottin V. Pulmonary fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: from pathophysiology to treatment strategies. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2022;16(5):541–553. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2089116
  • Juge PA, Lee JS, Lau J, et al. Methotrexate and rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(2):2000337. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00337-2020
  • Sueoka N, Sueoka E, Miyazaki Y, et al. Molecular pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonitis with TNF-α transgenic mice. Cytokine. 1998;10(2):124–131. doi: 10.1006/cyto.1997.0267
  • Miyazaki Y, Araki K, Vesin C, et al. Expression of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha transgene in murine lung causes lymphocytic and fibrosing alveolitis. A mouse model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 1995;96(1):250–259. doi: 10.1172/JCI118029
  • Carrasco Cubero C, Chamizo Carmona E, Vela Casasempere P. Revisión sistemática sobre el impacto de los fármacos en la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa asociada a Artritis Reumatoide. Reumatol Clin. 2021;17(9):504–513. doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2020.04.015
  • Kadura S, Raghu G. Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease: manifestations and current concepts in pathogenesis and management. Eur Respir Rev. 2021;30(160):210011. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0011-2021
  • American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Guideline for the treatment of interstitial lung disease in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease. 2023. Available from: https://rheumatology.org/interstitial-lung-disease-guideline
  • Tardella M, Di Carlo M, Carotti M, et al. A retrospective study of the efficacy of JAK inhibitors or abatacept on rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30(3):705–712. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00936-w
  • Venerito V, Manfredi A, Carletto A, et al. Evolution of rheumatoid-arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease in patients treated with JAK inhibitors: a retrospective exploratory study. J Clin Med. 2023;12(3):957. doi: 10.3390/jcm12030957
  • Vadillo C, Nieto MA, Romero-Bueno F, et al. Efficacy of rituximab in slowing down progression of rheumatoid arthritis–related interstitial lung disease: data from the NEREA Registry. Rheumatology. 2020;59(8):2099–2108. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez673
  • Tsujii A, Isoda K, Yoshimura M, et al. Janus kinase inhibitors vs. abatacept about safety and efficacy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective nested case-control study. BMC Rheumatol. 2024;8(4). doi: 10.1186/s41927-024-00374-x
  • Matson SM, Baqir M, Moua T, et al. Treatment outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a real-world, multisite study of the impact of immunosuppression on pulmonary function trajectory. Chest. 2023;163(4):861–869. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.11.035.
  • Matteson EL, Aringer M, Burmester GR, et al. Effect of nintedanib in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the INBUILD trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2023;42(9):2311–2319. doi: 10.1007/s10067-023-06623-7
  • Solomon JJ, Danoff SK, Woodhead FA, et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pirfenidone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(1):87–96. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00260-0
  • Lancaster LH, de Andrade JA, Zibrak JD, et al. Pirfenidone safety and adverse event management in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev. 2017;26(146):170057. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0057-2017
  • Ogura T, Inoue Y, Azuma A, et al. Real-world safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: interim report of a post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Adv Ther. 2023;40(4):1474–1493. doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02411-y
  • Sebastiani M, Manfredi A, Cassone G, et al. Interstitial lung disease is associated to infections of lower respiratory tract in immunocompromised rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35:542.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.