1,621
Views
66
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Gender Differences in Childcare: Time Allocation in Five European Countries

, &
Pages 119-150 | Published online: 20 Jan 2011

References

  • Agarwal , Bina . 1997 . “Bargaining and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household.” . Feminist Economics , 3 ( 1 ) : 1 – 51 .
  • Aguiar , Mark and Hurst , Erik . 2007 . “Measuring Trends in Leisure: The Allocation of Time Over Five Decades.” . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 122 ( 3 ) : 969 – 1006 .
  • Álvarez , Begoña and Miles , Daniel . 2003 . “Gender Effect on Housework Allocation: Evidence from Spanish Two-Earner Couples.” . Journal of Population Economics , 16 ( 2 ) : 227 – 42 .
  • Arts , Wil and Gelissen , John . 2002 . “Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism or More? A State-of-the-Art Report.” . Journal of European Social Policy , 12 ( 2 ) : 137 – 58 .
  • Becker , Gary . 1965 . “A Theory of the Allocation of Time.” . Economic Journal , 75 ( 299 ) : 493 – 515 .
  • Becker , Gary . 1991 . A Treatise on the Family , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Bergmann , Barbara . 2001 . “Subsidizing Child Care by Mothers at Home.” . Feminist Economics , 6 ( 1 ) : 77 – 88 .
  • Bettio , Francesca and Plantenga , Janneke . 2004 . “Comparing Care Regimes in Europe.” . Feminist Economics , 10 ( 1 ) : 85 – 113 .
  • Bianchi , Suzanne . 2000 . “Maternal Employment and Time with Children: Dramatic Change or Surprising Continuity?” . Demography , 37 ( 4 ) : 401 – 14 .
  • Bianchi , Suzanne and Raley , Sara . 2005 . “Time Allocation in Families,” . In Work, Family, Health, and Well-Being , Edited by: Bianchi , Suzanne , Casper , Lynne and King , Rosalind . 21 – 42 . Mahwatz , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Bittman , Michael , England , Paula , Sayer , Liana , Folbre , Nancy and Matheson , George . 2003 . “When Does Gender Trump Money? Bargaining and Time in Household Work.” . American Journal of Sociology , 109 ( 1 ) : 186 – 214 .
  • Browning , Martin and Metter , Gortz . “Spending Time and Money within the Household.” . Department of Economics Discussion Paper 288 . University of Oxford . http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/Research/wp/pdf/paper288.pdf (accessed September 2010)
  • Bryant , Keith and Zick , Cathleen . 1996 . “An Examination of Parent–Child Shared Time.” . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 58 ( 1 ) : 227 – 37 .
  • Chiappori , Pierre-Andre . 1988 . “Rational Household Labor Supply.” . Econometrica , 56 ( 1 ) : 63 – 89 .
  • Chiappori , Pierre-Andre . 1992 . “Collective Labor Supply and Welfare.” . Journal of Political Economy , 100 ( 3 ) : 437 – 67 .
  • Chiappori , Pierre-Andre . 1997 . “Introducing Household Production in Collective Models of Labor Supply.” . Journal of Political Economy , 105 ( 1 ) : 191 – 209 .
  • Chiappori , Pierre-Andre , Fortin , Bernard and Lacroix , Guy . 2002 . “Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation, and Household Labor Supply.” . Journal of Political Economy , 110 ( 1 ) : 37 – 72 .
  • Connelly , Rachel and Jean , Kimmel . “Spousal Influences on Parents' Non-Market Time Choices.” . IZA Discussion Paper 2894 . Institute for the Study of Labor .
  • de Laat , Joost and Almudena , Sevilla-Sanz . “Working Women, Men's Home Time and Lowest-Low Fertility.” . ISER Working Paper 2006–23 . University of Essex .
  • Dustmann , Christian and Rochina-Barrachina , Maria E. 2007 . “Selection Correction in Panel Data Models: An Application to the Estimation of Females' Wage Equations.” . Econometrics Journal , 10 ( 2 ) : 263 – 93 .
  • Esping-Andersen , Gosta . 1990 . The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism , Cambridge , UK : Polity Press .
  • “ European Community Household Panel. 1994–2001 ” . Luxembourg : Eurostat .
  • Fernandez , Raquel , Fogli , Alessandra and Olivetti , Claudia . 2004 . “Mothers and Sons: Preference Formation and Female Labor Force Dynamics.” . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 119 ( 4 ) : 1249 – 99 .
  • Fortin , Bernard and Lacroix , Guy . 1997 . “A Test of the Unitary and Collective Models of Household Labour Supply.” . Economic Journal , 107 ( 443 ) : 933 – 55 .
  • Friedberg , Leora and Anthony , Webb . “The Chore Wars: Household Bargaining and Leisure Time.” . Paper presented at the American Time Use Survey Early Results Conference . www.atususers.umd.edu/papers/atusconference/authors (accessed February 2008)
  • García , Inmaculada , Molina , José Alberto and Montuenga , Víctor M. 2010 . “Intra-Family Distribution of Paid-Work Time.” . Applied Economics , 42 ( 5 ) : 589 – 601 .
  • Gronau , Reuben . 1977 . “Leisure, Home Production and Work: The Theory of the Allocation of Time Revisited.” . Journal of Political Economy , 85 ( 6 ) : 1099 – 24 .
  • Haddad , Lawrence and Kanbur , Ravi . 1990 . “How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-Household Inequality?” . Economic Journal , 100 ( 402 ) : 866 – 81 .
  • Hallberg , Daniel and Klevmarken , Anders . 2003 . “Time for Children: A Study of Parents' Time Allocation.” . Journal of Population Economics , 16 ( 2 ) : 205 – 26 .
  • Hersch , Joni and Stratton , Leslie . 1994 . “Housework, Wages, and the Division of Housework Time for Employed Spouses.” . American Economic Review , 84 ( 2 ) : 120 – 5 .
  • Howie , Peter , Wicks , John , Fitzgerald , John M. , Dalenberg , Douglas and Connelly , Rachel . 2006 . “Mothers' Time Spent in Care of Their Children and Market Work: A Simultaneous Model with Attitudes as Instruments.” . Applied Economics Letters , 13 ( 8 ) : 503 – 6 .
  • Kalenkoski , Charlene , Ribar , David and Stratton , Leslie . 2005 . “Parental Childcare in Single Parent, Cohabiting, and Married Couple Families: Time Diary Evidence from the United Kingdom.” . American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings , 95 ( 2 ) : 194 – 8 .
  • Kalenkoski , Charlene , Ribar , David and Stratton , Leslie . 2007 . “The Effect of Family Structure on Parents' Child Care Time in the United States and the United Kingdom.” . Review of Economics of the Household , 5 ( 4 ) : 353 – 84 .
  • Kalenkoski , Charlene , Ribar , David and Stratton , Leslie . 2009 . “The Influence of Wages on Parents' Allocations of Time to Child Care and Market Work in the United Kingdom.” . Journal of Population Economics , 22 ( 2 ) : 399 – 419 .
  • Kato , Hironori and Matsumoto , Manabu . 2007 . “Intrahousehold Interaction Analysis Between Husband, Wife, and Child Using Joint Time-Allocation Model.” . Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board , 2021 : 1 – 9 .
  • Kim , Jongsoong and Zepeda , Lydia . 2004 . “When the Work Is Never Done: Time Allocation in US Family Farm Households.” . Feminist Economics , 10 ( 1 ) : 115 – 39 .
  • Kimmel , Jean and Connelly , Rachel . 2007 . “Mothers' Time Choices: Caregiving, Leisure, Home Production, and Paid Work.” . Journal of Human Resources , 42 ( 3 ) : 643 – 81 .
  • Konrad , Kai and Lommerud , Kjell . 1995 . “Family Policy with Non-Cooperative Families.” . Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 97 ( 4 ) : 581 – 601 .
  • Kooreman , Peter and Kapteyn , Ariel . 1987 . “A Disaggregated Analysis of the Allocation of Time Within the Household.” . Journal of Political Economy , 95 ( 2 ) : 223 – 49 .
  • Korenman , Sanders , Mei , Liao and June , O'Neill . “Gender Differences in Time Use and Labor Market Outcomes.” . Paper presented at the American Time Use Survey Early Results Conference . www.atususers.umd.edu/papers/atusconference/authors (accessed February 2008)
  • Kyriazidou , Ekaterina . 1997 . “Estimation of a Panel Data Sample Selection Model.” . Econometrica , 65 : 1335 – 64 .
  • Kyriazidou , Ekaterina . 2001 . “Estimation of Dynamic Panel Data Sample Selection Models.” . Review of Economic Studies , 68 ( 3 ) : 543 – 72 .
  • Lundberg , Shelly and Pollak , Robert . 1993 . “Separate Spheres Bargaining and the Marriage Market.” . Journal of Political Economy , 101 ( 6 ) : 988 – 1010 .
  • Manser , Marilyn and Brown , Murray . 1980 . “Marriage and Household Decision-Making: A Bargaining Analysis.” . International Economic Review , 21 ( 1 ) : 31 – 44 .
  • McElroy , B. Marjorie and Horney , Mary Jean . 1981 . “Nash-Bargained Household Decisions: Toward a Generalization of the Theory of Demand.” . International Economic Review , 22 ( 2 ) : 333 – 49 .
  • Myck , Michael , Bargain , Olivier , Beblo , Miriam , Beninger , Denis , Blundell , Richard , Carrasco , Raquel , Chiuri , Maria-Concetta , Laisney , François , Lechene , Valérie , Longobardi , Ernesto , Moreau , Nicolas , Ruiz-Castillo , Javier and Vermeulen , Frederic . 2006 . “The Working Families' Tax Credit and Some European Tax Reforms in a Collective Setting.” . Review of Economics of the Household , 4 ( 2 ) : 129 – 58 .
  • Ribar , David . 1995 . “A Structural Model of Childcare and the Labor Supply of Married Women.” . Journal of Labor Economics , 13 ( 3 ) : 558 – 97 .
  • Sandberg , F.John and Hofferth , Sandra L. 2001 . “Changes in Children's Time with Parents: United States, 1981–1997.” . Demography , 38 ( 3 ) : 423 – 36 .
  • Sayer , Liana , Bianchi , Suzanne and Robinson , John . 2004 . “Are Parents Investing Less in Children? Trends in Mothers' and Fathers' Time with Children.” . American Journal of Sociology , 110 ( 1 ) : 1 – 43 .
  • Seguino , Stephanie . 2007 . “Plus Ça Change? Evidence on Global Trends in Gender Norms and Stereotypes.” . Feminist Economics , 13 ( 2 ) : 1 – 28 .
  • Semykina , Anastasia and Wooldridge , Jeffrey . 2010 . “Estimating Panel Data Models in the Presence of Endogeneity and Selection: Theory and Application.” . Journal of Econometrics , 157 : 375 – 80 .
  • Sevilla-Sanz , Almudena . “Division of Household Labor and Cross-Country Differences in Household Formation Rates.” . Economics Series Working Papers 325 . University of Oxford .
  • Sigle-Rushton , Wendy and Waldfogel , Jane . 2007 . “Motherhood and Women's Earnings in Anglo-American, Continental European, and Nordic Countries.” . Feminist Economics , 13 ( 2 ) : 55 – 91 .
  • Souza-Poza , Alfonso , Schmid , Hans and Widmer , Rolf . 2001 . “The Allocation and Value of Time Assigned to Housework and Child Care: An Analysis for Switzerland.” . Journal of Population Economics , 14 ( 4 ) : 599 – 618 .
  • Trifiletti , Rossana . 1999 . “Southern European Welfare Regimes and the Worsening Position of Women.” . Journal of European Social Policy , 9 ( 1 ) : 49 – 64 .
  • van den Brink , Henriette and Groot , Wim . 1997 . “A Household Production Model of Paid Labor, Household Work and Childcare.” . De Economist , 145 ( 3 ) : 325 – 43 .
  • van Klaveren , Chris , van Praag , Bernard M. S. and Henriette , van den Brink Maassen . “Empirical Estimation Results of a Collective Household Time Allocation Model.” . IZA Working Paper 2107 . Institute for the Study of Labor .
  • Vermeulen , Frederic . 2002 . “Collective Household Models: Principles and Main Results.” . Journal of Economic Surveys , 16 ( 4 ) : 533 – 64 .
  • Weiss , Yoram and Willis , Robert . 1985 . “Children as Collective Goods and Divorce Settlements.” . Journal of Labor Economics , 3 ( 3 ) : 268 – 92 .
  • Wooldridge , M Jeffrey . 1995 . “Selection Corrections for Panel Data Models under Conditional Mean Independence Assumptions.” . Journal of Econometrics , 68 ( 1 ) : 115 – 32 .
  • Wooldridge , M Jeffrey . 2002 . Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.