The Effects of Gender Differences in Career Interruptions on the Gender Wage Gap in Spain

REFERENCES

• Albrecht, James W., Per-Anders Edin, Marianne Sundsstrom, and Susan B. Vroman. 1999. “Career Interruptions and Subsequent Earnings: A Reexamination Using Swedish Data.” Journal of Human Resources 34(2): 294–311. doi: 10.2307/146347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anxo, Dominique and Jean Yves Boulin, eds. 2006. Working Time Options over the Life Course: New Work Patterns and Company Strategies. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
   Google Scholar
• Anxo, Dominique, Inmaculada Cebrián, Colette Fagan, and Gloria Moreno. 2007. “Patterns of Labor Market Integration in Europe: A Life Course Perspective on Time Policies.” Socio-Economic Review 5(2): 233–60. doi: 10.1093/ser/mwl019
   Google Scholar
• Anxo, Dominique, Letizia Mencarini, Ariane Pailhé, Anne Solaz, Maria Letizia Tanturri, and Lennart Flood. 2011. “Gender Differences in Time Use over the Life Course in France, Italy, Sweden, and the US.” Feminist Economics 17(3): 159–95. doi: 10.1080/13545701.2011.582822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum, Charles. 2002. “The Effect of Work Interruptions on Women's Wages.” Labor 16: 1–36.
   Google Scholar
• Blinder, Alan S. 1973. “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Forms and Structural Estimates.” Journal of Human Resources 8: 436–55. doi: 10.2307/144855
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cebrián, Inmaculada. 2011. “La muestra continua de vidas laborales de la Seguridad Social y el estudio del mercado de trabajo” [Continuous sample of working lives in the social security and labor market study]. Cuadernos del Mercado de Trabajo : Edición semestral June 7, 2011: 140-9.
   Google Scholar
• Clogg, Clifford, Eva Petkova, and Adamantios Haritou. 1995. “Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients between Models.” American Journal of Sociology 100(5): 1261–93. doi: 10.1086/230638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Rica, Sara and Arantza Ugidos. 1995. “Son las diferencias en capital humano determinantes en las diferencias salariales entre hombres y mujeres?” [Are the differences in human capital determinants of the gender wage gap?]. Investigaciones Económicas 19(3): 395–414.
   Google Scholar
• De la Rica, Sara, Juan J. Dolado, and Vanesa Llorens. 2008. “Ceilings or Floors? Gender Wage Gaps by Education in Spain.” Journal of Population Economics 20(3): 751–76. doi: 10.1007/s00148-006-0128-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• England, Paula. 1993. Theory on Gender, Feminist on Theory. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Escobedo, Ana and Gerardo Meil. 2012. “Spain.” In International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2012, edited by Peter Moss, 247–58. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. 2014. “Gender Pay Gap Statistics.” http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Gender_pay_gap_statisticshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Gender_pay_gap_statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Figart, Deborah, Ellen Mutari, and Marilyn Power. 2002. Living Wages, Equal Wages: Gender and Labor Market Policies in the United States. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gardeazábal, Javier and Arantza Ugidos. 2004. “More on Identification in Detailed Wage Decompositions.” Review of Economics and Statistics 86(4): 1034–6. doi: 10.1162/0034653043125239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González de San Román, Ainara and Sara De la Rica. 2012. “Gender Gaps in Spain: Family Issues and the Career Development of College-Educated Men and Women.” IZA Discussion Papers 6978.
   Google Scholar
• Hernández, Pedro Jesús. 1995. “Análisis empírico de la discriminación salarial de la mujer en España” [Empirical analysis of wage discrimination against women in Spain]. Investigaciones Económicas 19(2): 195–215.
   Google Scholar
• Hotchkiss, Julie L. and M. Melinda Pitts. 2003. “At What Level of Labor Market Intermittency Are Women Penalized?” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 93: 233–7. doi: 10.1257/000282803321947100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotchkiss, Julie L. and M. Melinda Pitts. 2005. “Female Labor Force Intermittency and Current Earnings: Switching Regression Model with Unknown Sample Selection.” Applied Economics 37(5): 545–60. doi: 10.1080/0003684042000307003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotchkiss, Julie L. and M. Melinda Pitts. 2007. “The Role of Labor Market Intermittency in Explaining Gender Wage Differentials.” American Economic Review 97(2): 417–21. doi: 10.1257/aer.97.2.417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, Joyce P. and Laurence M. Levin. 1995. “Effects of Intermittent Labor Force Attachment on Women's Earnings.” Monthly Labor Review September 118(9): 14–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jann, Ben. 2008. “The Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition for Linear Regression Models.” Stata Journal 8(4): 453–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mincer, Jacob and Solomon Polachek. 1974. “Family Investments in Human Capital: Earnings of Women.” In Marriage, Family, Human Capital, and Fertility, edited by Theodore W. Schultz, 76–110. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).
   Google Scholar
• Mincer, Jacob and Haim Ofek. 1982. “Interrupted Work Careers: Depreciation and Restoration of Human Capital.” Journal of Human Resources 17(1): 3–24. doi: 10.2307/145520
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina, José Alberto and Victor Montuenga. 2009. “The Motherhood Wage Penalty in Spain.” Journal of Family and Economics Issues 30(3): 237–51. doi: 10.1007/s10834-009-9153-z
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, Gloria, José M. Rodríguez, and Joaquín Vera. 1995. La participación laboral femenina y la discriminación salarial en España [Women's labor force participation and wage discrimination in Spain]. Madrid: Consejo económico y social, Colección de estudios.
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, Gloria and Inmaculada Cebrián. 2009. Trayectorias de afiliación y bases de cotización, según género [Trajectories of labor market affiliation and social security contributions by gender]. proyecto FIPROS 2008/25. http://www.seg-social.es/prdi00/groups/public/documents/binario/129732.pdfhttp://www.seg-social.es/prdi00/groups/public/documents/binario/129732.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Oaxaca, Ronald. 1973. “Male–Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets.” International Economic Review 14: 693–709. doi: 10.2307/2525981
   Google Scholar
• Oaxaca, Ronald and Michael Ransom. 1999. “Identification in Detailed Wage Decompositions.” Review of Economics and Statistics 81: 154–7. doi: 10.1162/003465399767923908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polachek, Solomon W. and W. Stanley Siebert. 1993. The Economics of Earnings. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511522062
   Google Scholar
• Salido, Olga. 2011. “Female Employment and Work–Life Balance Policies in Spain.” In The Spanish Welfare State in European Context edited by Ana M. Guillén and Margarita León, 187–208. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Simón, Hipólito, Raúl Ramos Lobo, and Esteve Sanroma. 2008. “Evolución de las diferencias salariales por razón de sexo” [Evolution of wage differences based on gender]. Revista de Economía Aplicada 16(48): 37–68.
   Google Scholar
• Sorensen, Elaine. 1993. “Continuous Female Workers: How Different Are They from Other Women?” Eastern Economic Journal 10(1): 15–32.
   Google Scholar
• Stratton, Leslie. 1995. “The Effect Interruptions in Work Experience Have on Wages.” Southern Economic Journal 61(4): 955–70. doi: 10.2307/1060734
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutter, Larry E. and Herman P. Miller. 1973. “Income Difference between Men and Career Women.” American Journal of Sociology 78(4): 962–74. doi: 10.1086/225413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, Yoram and Reuben Gronau. 1981. “Expected Interruptions in Labor Force Participation and Sex-Related Differences in Earnings Growth.” Review of Economic Studies 48(4): 607–19. doi: 10.2307/2297200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2012. World Development Report 2012, Gender Equality and Development. https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2012/Resources/7778105-1299699968583/7786210-1315936222006/Complete-Report.pdfhttps://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2012/Resources/7778105-1299699968583/7786210-1315936222006/Complete-Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Yun, Myeong-Su. 2005. “A Simple Solution to the Identification Problem in Detailed Wage Decompositions.” Economic Inquiry 43: 766–72. doi: 10.1093/ei/cbi053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar