Comprehension, encoding, and monitoring in the production of confabulation in memory: A study with schizophrenic patients

REFERENCES

• Baddeley , A , Lewis , V , Eldridge , M and Thompson , N . (1984) . Attention and retrieval from long‐term memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 13 : 518 – 540 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battig , WF and Montague , WE . (1969) . Category Norms for verbal items in 56 categories: A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms . Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph , 80 : 1 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Bransford , JD and Franks , JJ . (1971) . The abstraction of linguistic idea . Cognitive Psychology , 2 : 331 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brebion , G , Amador , X , Smith , MJ , Malasapina , D , Sharif , Z and Gorman , JM . (1999) . Opposite links of positive and negative symptomatology with memory errors in schizophrenia . Psychiatry Research , 88 : 15 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess PW Baxter D Rose M Alderman N (1996) Delusional paramnesic misidentification In P. W. Halligan & J. C. Marshall (Eds.) Method in madness: Case studies in cognitive neuropsychiatry (pp. 51–78) Hove, UK: Psychology Press
   Google Scholar
• Burgess , PW and McNeil , JE . (1999) . Content‐specific confabulation . Cortex , 35 : 163 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess , PW and Shallice , T . (1996a) . Confabulation and the control of recollection . Memory , 4 : 359 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess , PW and Shallice , T . (1996b) . Response suppression, initiation and strategy use following frontal lobe lesions . Neuropsychologia , 34 : 263 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buschke , H and Fuld , PA . (1974) . Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning . Neurology , 24 : 1019 – 1025 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calev , A . (1984) . Recall and recognition in chronic nondemented schizophrenics: Use of matched tasks . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 93 : 172 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardebat , D , Doyon , B , Puel , M , Goulet , P and Joanette , Y . (1990) . Evocation lexicale formelle et sémantique chez des sujets normaux. Performances et dynamiques de production en fonction du sexe, de l'âge et du niveau d'étude . Acta Neurologica Belgica , 90 : 207 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmichael , L , Hogan , HP and Walter , AA . (1932) . An experimental study of the effect of language on the reproduction of visually perceived form . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 15 : 73 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Clare , L , McKenna , PJ , Mortimer , AM and Baddeley , AD . (1993) . Long‐term memory in schizophrenia: what is impaired and what is preserved? . Neuropsychologia , 31 : 1225 – 1241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , AM and Quillian , MR . (1969) . Retrieval time from semantic memory . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 8 : 240 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Condray , R , Steinhauer , SR , van‐Kammen , DP and Kasparek , A . (1996) . Working memory capacity predicts language comprehension in schizophrenic patients . Schizophrenia Research , 20 : 1 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condray , R , van‐Kammen , DP , Steinhauer , SR , Kasparek , A and Yao , JK . (1995) . Language comprehension in schizophrenia: Trait or state indicator? . Biological Psychiatry , 38 : 287 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway MA (1996) Failures of autobiographical remembering In D. J. Herrmann, C. McEvoy, C. Hertzog, P. Hertel, & M. K. Johnson (Eds.) Basic and applied memory research: Theory in context (Vol. 1 pp. 295–315) Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• Craik , FI .M , Govoni , R , Naveh‐Benjamin , M and Anderson , ND . (1996) . The effect of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 125 : 159 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craik , FIM and Lockhart , RS . (1972) . Levels of processing: A framework for memory research . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 11 : 671 – 684 .
   Google Scholar
• Craik , FIM and Tulving , E . (1975) . Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 104 : 268 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dab , S , Claes , T , Morais , J and Shallice , T . (1999) . Confabulation without a monitoring impairment . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 16 : 215 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalla Barba , G . (1993) . Different patterns of confabulation . Cortex , 29 : 567 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delbecq‐Derouesné J Beauvois MF Shallice T (1990) Preserved recall versus impaired recognition A case study Brain 113 1045 1074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi , LE . (2001) . Speech disorder in schizophrenia: Review of the literature and exploration of its relation to the uniquely human capacity for language . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 27 : 481 – 496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deltour JJ (1993) Adaptation française et normes comparées du Mill Hill et du Standard Progressive Matrices (PM38) de J. C. Raven Liége: Editions de l'Application des Techniques Modernes S.P.R.L
   Google Scholar
• De Renzi , E and Faglioni , P . (1978) . Normative data and screening power of a shortened version of the Token test . Cortex , 14 : 41 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elvevag , B , Weinstock , DM , Akil , M , Kleinman , JE and Goldberg , TE . (2001) . A comparison of verbal fluency tasks in schizophrenic patients and normal controls . Schizophrenia Research , 51 : 119 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold , JM , Randolf , C and Carpenter , CJ . (1992) . The performance of patients with schizophrenia on the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised . Clinical Neuropsychologist , 6 : 367 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Hanley , JR , Davies , ADM , Downes , JJ and Mayes , AR . (1994) . Impaired recall of verbal material following rupture and repair of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 11 : 543 – 578 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joslyn , D , Grundvig , JL and Chamberlain , CJ . (1978) . Predicting confabulation from the Graham‐Kendall Memory‐For‐Designs Test . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 : 181 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , KJ . (1981) . Age effects on Trail Making Test performance . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 52 : 671 – 675 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsbourne , M and Winocur , G . (1980) . Response competition and interference effects in paired‐associate learning by Korsakoff amnesics . Neuropsychologia , 18 : 541 – 548 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman , MD . (1987a) . Two types of confabulation . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 50 : 1482 – 1487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman , MD . (1987b) . Amnesia: Organic and psychogenic . British Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 428 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman , MD . (1999) . Varieties of false memories . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 16 : 197 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman , MD , Guinan , EM and Lewis , PDR . (1995) . Delusional memory, confabulation, and frontal lobe dysfunction: A case study in De Clérambault's syndrome . Neurocase , 1 : 71 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz , MM , Moberg , PJ , Gur , RC and Gur , RE . (2001) . Approaches to cognitive remediation of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia: A review and meta‐analysis . Neuropsychology Review , 11 : 197 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laws , KR , Kondel , TK and McKenna , PJ . (1999) . Receptive language deficits in schizophrenic thought disorder: Evidence for impaired semantic access and monitoring . Cognitive Neuropsychiatry , 4 : 89 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• McClelland JL (1995) Constructive memory and memory distortions: A parallel‐distributed processing approach In D. L. Schacter (Ed.) Memory distortion: How minds, brains, and societies reconstruct the past (pp. 69–90) London: Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• McClelland , JL , McNaughton , BL and O'Reilly , RC . (1995) . Why there are complementarity learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory . Psychological Review , 102 : 419 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay AP McKenna PJ Baddeley AD (1995) Memory pathology in schizophrenia In R. Campbell & M. A. Conway (Eds.) Broken memories: Case studies in memory impairment (pp. 124–136) Oxford, UK: Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• McKay , AP , McKenna , PJ , Bentham , P , Mortimer , AM , Holbery , A and Hodges , JR . (1996) . Semantic memory is impaired in schizophrenia . Biological Psychiatry , 39 : 929 – 937 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenna PJ Mortimer AM Hodges JR (1994) Semantic memory and schizophrenia In A. David & J. Cutting (Eds.) The neuropsychology of schizophrenia (pp. 163–178) Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd
   Google Scholar
• McKenna , PJ , Talmyn , D , Lund , CE , Mortimer , AM , Hammond , S and Baddeley , AD . (1990) . Amnesic syndrome in schizophrenia . Psychological Medicine , 20 : 967 – 972 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morice , R and Delahunty , A . (1996) . Frontal/executive impairments in schizophrenia . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 22 : 125 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscovitch M (1989) Confabulation and the frontal systems: Strategic versus associative retrieval in neuropsychological theories of memory In H. L. Roediger, III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.) Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 133–160) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• Moscovitch M (1995) Confabulation In D. L. Schacter (Ed.) Memory distortion (pp. 226–251) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• Moscovitch , M and Melo , B . (1997) . Strategic retrieval and the frontal lobes: evidence from confabulation and amnesia . Neuropsychologia , 35 : 1017 – 1034 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathaniel‐James , DA , Foong , J and Frith , CD . (1996) . The mechanisms of confabulation in schizophrenia . Neurocase , 2 : 475 – 483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathaniel‐James , DA and Frith , CD . (1996) . Confabulation in schizophrenia: Evidence of a new form? . Psychological Medicine , 26 : 391 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman KA Schacter DL (1996) Implicit memory, explicit memory and false recollection: a cognitive neuroscience perspective In L. M. Reder (Ed.) Implicit memory and metacognition (pp. 229–259) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• Raven JC (1982) Revised manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scale Windsor, UK: NFER‐Nelson
   Google Scholar
• Saykin , AJ , Gur , RC , Gur , RE , Mozley , PD , Mozley , LH , Resnick , SM , Kester , B and Stafiniak , P . (1991) . Neuropsychological function in schizophrenia: Selective impairment in memory and learning . Archives of General Psychiatry , 48 : 618 – 624 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schacter , DL , Curran , T , Galluccio , L , Milberg , WP and Bates , JF . (1996) . False recognition and the right frontal lobe: A case study . Neuropsychologia , 34 : 793 – 808 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schacter , DL , Norman , KA and Koutstaal , W . (1998) . The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory . Annual Review of Psychology , 49 : 289 – 318 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnider , A , Gutbrod , K , Hess , CW and Schroth , G . (1996) . Memory without context: Amnesia with confabulations after infarction of the right capsular genu . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 61 : 186 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shallice , T . (1982) . Specific impairments of planning . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B , 298 : 199 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shallice , T , Burgess , PW and Frith , CD . (1991) . Can the neuropsychological case‐study approach be applied to schizophrenia? . Psychological Medicine , 21 : 661 – 673 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , J and Done , DJ . (2002) . Elasticity and confabulation in schizophrenic delusions . Psychological Medicine , 32 : 451 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , AA , Donegan , NH , Anderson , M , Goldman‐Rakic , PS and Wexler , BE . (2000) . Verbal processing deficits in schizophrenia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 461 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talland GA (1965) Deranged memory: A psychonomic study of the amnesic syndrome New York: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Tamlyn , D , McKenna , PJ , Mortimer , AM , Lund , CE , Hammond , S and Baddeley , AD . (1992) . Memory impairment in schizophrenia: Its extent, affiliations and neuropsychological character . Psychological Medicine , 22 : 101 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warrington EK (1984) Recognition Memory Test Windsor, UK: NFER‐Nelson
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler D (1970) Echelle d'Intelligence de Wechsler pour Adultes, WAIS Paris: Centre de Psychologie Appliquée
   Google Scholar
• Weickert , TW , Goldberg , TE , Gold , JM , Bigelow , LB , Egan , MF and Weinberger , DR . (2000) . Cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia displaying preserved and compromised intellect . Archives of General Psychiatry , 57 : 907 – 913 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wexler , BE , Stevens , AA , Bowers , AA , Serniak , MJ and Goldman‐Rakic , PS . (1998) . Word and tone working memory deficits in schizophrenia . Archives of General Psychiatry , 55 : 1093 – 1096 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winocur , G and Weiskrantz , L . (1976) . An investigation of paired‐associate learning in amnesic patients . Neuropsychologia , 14 : 97 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar