Biomonitoring of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-related exposure to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)

Reference

• BEGUTTER, H., KLUS, H. and ULTSCH, I. 1985, Kapillargaschromatographische Bestimmung fitichtiger und tabakspezifischer N-Nitrosamine mittels des Thermo-Energy-Analyzers. Journal of Chrornatography, 321,475–479.
   Google Scholar
• BENOWITZ, N. L. 1996, Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Epidemiology Reviews, 18,188–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRANNER, B., KUTZER, C, ZWICKENPFLUG, W, SCHERER, G., HELLER, W D. and RICHTER, E. 1998, Haemoglobin adducts from aromatic amines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in pregnant smoking and nonsmoking women. Biomarkers, 3,35–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRUNNEMANN, K. D., COX, J. E. and HOFFMANN, D. 1992, Analysis of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in indoor air. Cardnogenesis, 13,2415–2418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARMELLA, S. G., AKERKAR, S. and HECHT, S. S. 1993, Metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone in smokers' urine. Cancer Research, 53, 721–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARMELLA, S. G., AKERKAR, S. A., RICHIE JR., J. P and HECHT, S. S. 1995, Intraindividual and interindividual differences in metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone (NNK) in smokers' urine. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkets & Prevention, 4,635–642.
   Google Scholar
• CARMELLA, S. G., BORUKHOVA, A., AKERKAR, S. A. and HECHT, S. S. 1997, Analysis of human urine for pyridine-N-oxide metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarlcers & Prevention, 6, 113–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COULTAS, D. B., SAMET, J. M., MCCARTHY, J. E and SPENGLER, J. D. 1990, Variability of measures of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home American Review of Respinuoty Diseases, 142, 602–606.
   Google Scholar
• FALTER, B., KUTZER, C and RICHTER, E. 1994, Biomonitoring of hemoglobin adducts: aromatic amines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. The Clinical Investigator, 72, 364–371.
   Google Scholar
• HACKSHAW, A. K., LAW, M. R. and WALD, N. J. 1997, The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke. British Medical Journal, 315, 980–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALEY, N. J., AXELRAD, C M. and TILTON, K. A. 1983, Validation of self-reported smoking behaviour: biochemical analyses of cotinine and thiocyanate. American Journal of Public Health, 73, 1204–1207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALEY, N. J., SEPKOVIC, D. W. and HOFFMANN, D. 1989, Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. American Journal of Public Health, 79, 1046–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HECHT, S. S. 1996, Recent studies on mechanisms of bioactivation and detoxification of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 26, 163–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HECHT, S. S., CARMELLA, S. G., FOILES, P G., MURPHY, S. E. and PETERSON, L. A. 1993a, Tobacco-specific nitrosamine adducts: studies in laboratory animals and humans Environmental Health Perspectives, 99, 57–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HECHT, S. S., CARMELLA, S. G., MURPHY, S. E., AKERKAR, S., BRUNNEMANN, K. D. and HOFFMANN, D. 1993b, A tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in the urine of men exposed to cigarette smoke. The New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1543–1546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HECHT, S. S., CHUNG, E L., RICHIE JR., J. P, AKERKAR, S. A., BORUKHOVA, A., SKOWRONSKI, L. and CARMELLA, S. G. 1995, Effects of watercress consumption on metabolism of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in smokers. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 4, 877–884.
   Google Scholar
• HOFFMANN, D. and HOFFMANN, I. 1997, The changing cigarette, 1950-1995. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 50,307–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOFFMANN, D., RIVENSON, A. and HECHT, S. S. 1996, The biological significance of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines: smoking and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 26, 199–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLUS, H., BEGUTTER, H., SCHERER, G., TRICKER, A. R. and ADLKOFER, E 1992, Tobacco-specific and volatile N-nitrosamines in environmental tobacco smoke of offices. Indoor Environment, 1, 348–350.
   Google Scholar
• KRULL, I. S., GOFF, E. U., HOFFMAN, G. G. and FINE, D. H. 1979, Confirmatory methods for the thermal energy determination of N-nitroso compounds at trace levels. Analytical Chemistry, 51, 1706–1709.
   Google Scholar
• KYEREMATEN, G. A., DAMIANO, M. D., DVORCHIK, B. H. and VESELL, E. S. 1982, Smoking-induced changes in nicotine disposition: application of a new HPLC assay for nicotine and its metabolites. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 32,769–780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEGER, M., MEGER, KOSSIEN, I., DIETRICH, M., TRICKER, A. R., SCHERER, G. and AD LKOFER, E 1996, Metabolites of 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone in urine of smokers. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 5 (Supp. 1), 121–124.
   Google Scholar
• OGDEN, M. W. and MAIOLO, K. C 1992, Comparative evaluation of diffusive and active sampling systems for determining airborne nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine. Environmental Science & Technology, 26, 1226–1234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLDAKER III, G. B., PERFETTI, P. E, CONRAD, E C and CONNER, J. M. 1990, Results from surveys of environmental tobacco smoke in offices and restaurants. In Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga, ed. (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer), pp. 99–104.
   Google Scholar
• PARSONS, W D., CARMELLA, S. G., AKERKAR, S., BONILLA, L. E. and HECHT, S. S. 1998, A metabolite of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone in the urine of hospital workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkets & Prevention, 7,257–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PHILLIPS, K., HOWARD, D. A., BENTLEY, M. C and ALVAN, G. 1998, Measured exposures by personal monitoring for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke of housewives and office workers resident in Bremen, Germany. International Atrhives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 71,201–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHIE JR., J. P, CARMELLA, S. G., MUSCAT, J. E., SCOTT, D. G., AKERKAR, S. A. and HECHT, S. S. 1997, Differences in the urinary metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanoene in black and white smokers. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 6,783–790.
   Google Scholar
• RICHTER, E. and TRICKER, A. R. 1994, Nicotine inhibits the metabolic activation of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone in rats. Cardnogenesis, 15, 1061–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHERER, G. and RICHTER, E. 1997, Biomonitoring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): a critical reappraisal. Human and Experimental Toxkology, 16,449–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHERER, G., CONZE, C, V. MEYERINCK, L., SORSA, M. and ADLKOFER, E 1990, Importance of exposure to gaseous and particulate phase components of tobacco smoke in active and passive smokers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 62,459–466.
   Google Scholar
• SCHERER, G., RUPPERT, T., DAUBE, H., KOSSIEN, I., RIEDEL, K., TRICKER, A. R. and ADLKOFER, E 1995, Contribution of tobacco smoke to environmental benzene exposure in Germany. Environment International, 21, 779–789.
   Google Scholar
• SCHULZE, J., RICHTER, E., BINDER, U. and ZWICKENPFLUG, W. 1992, Biliary excretion of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone in the rat. Catrinogenesis, 13, 1961–1965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHULZE, J., SCHRADER, E., FOTH, H., KAHL, G. E and RICHTER, E. 1998, Effect of nicotine of cotinine on metabolism of 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone (NNK) in isolated rat lung and liver. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Atrhives of Pharmacology, 357, 344–350.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TRICKER, A. R., DITRICH, C and PREUSSMANN, R. 1991, N-Nitroso compounds in cigarette tobacco and their occurrence in mainstream tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis, 12,257–261.
   Google Scholar
• TRICKER, A. R., KLU S, H., BEGUTTER, H., RUPPERT, T., SCHERER, G. and ADLKOFER, E 1994, Tobacco-specific and volatile nitrosamines in indoor air of smoker and nonsmoker homes In Indoor Air Pollution. Proceedings of the International Conference held at the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, 5–7 October 1994, L. Weber, ed. (Rotheniluh, Switzerland: Indoor Air International), pp. 310–316.
   Google Scholar