Measurement of eight urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment

References

• Adibi JJ, Perera FP, Jedrychowski W, Camann DE, Barr D, Jacek R, Whyatt RM. Prenatal exposures to phthalates among women in New York City and Krakow, Poland. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003; 111: 1719–1722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albro PW. Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by rats and mice. Environmental Health Perspectives 1986; 65: 293–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albro PW, Chae K, Philpot R, Corbett JT, Schroeder J, Jordan S. In vitro metabolism of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by microsomal-enzymes similarity to omega-oxidation and (omega-1) oxidation of fatty-acids. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1984; 12: 742–748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albro PW, Corbett JT, Schroeder J, Reddy JK. Beta-oxidation of 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate in rodent liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1987; 923: 196–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albro PW, Lavenhar SR. Metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Drug Metabolism Reviews 1989; 21: 13–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albro PW, Tondeur I, Marbury D, Jordan S, Schroeder J, Corbett JT. Polar metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the rat. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1983; 760: 283–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATSDR. 2002. Toxicological profile for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp9.html) (accessed 26 July 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Barr DB, Silva MJ, Kato K, Reidy JA, Malek NA, Hurtz D, Sadowski M, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003; 111: 1148–1151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker K, Seiwert M, Angerer J, Heger W, Koch HM, Nagorka R, Rosskamp E, Schluter C, Seifert B, Ullrich D. DEHP metabolites in urine of children and DEHP in house dust. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2004; 207: 409–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blount BC, Milgram KE, Silva MJ, Malek NA, Reidy JA, Needham LL, Brock JW. Quantitative detection of eight phthalate metabolites in human urine using HPLC-APCI-MS/MS. Analytical Chemistry 2000a; 72: 4127–4134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blount BC, Silva MJ, Caudill SP, Needham LL, Pirkle JL, Sampson EJ, Lucier GW, Jackson RJ, Brock JW. Levels of seven urinary phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000b; 108: 979–982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock JW, Caudill SP, Silva MJ, Needham LL, Hilborn ED. Phthalate monoesters levels in the urine of young children. Bulletin of Environmental and Contamination Toxicology 2002; 68: 309–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calafat AM, Needham LL, Silva MJ, Lambert G. Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among premature neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2004a; 113: e429–e434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calafat AM, Slakman AR, Silva MJ, Herbert AR, Needham LL. Automated solid phase extraction and quantitative analysis of human milk for 13 phthalate metabolites. Journal of Chromatography B 2004b; 805: 49–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. 2005. Third national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Environmental Health; Division of Laboratory Sciences (available at: http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/3rd/pdf/thirdreport.pdf) (accessed 11 August 2005).
   Google Scholar
• Duty SM, Calafat AM, Silva MJ, Brock JW, Ryan L, Chen ZY, Overstreet J, Hauser R. The relationship between environmental exposure to phthalates and computer-aided sperm analysis motion parameters. Journal of Andrology 2004; 25: 293–302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duty SM, Calafat AM, Silva MJ, Ryan L, Hauser R. Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones in adult men. Human Reproduction 2005; 20: 604–610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duty SM, Silva MJ, Barr DB, Brock JW, Ryan L, Chen ZY, Herrick RF, Christiani DC, Hauser R. Phthalate exposure and human semen parameters. Epidemiology 2003a; 14: 269–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duty SM, Singh NP, Silva MJ, Barr DB, Brock JW, Ryan L, Herrick RF, Christiani DC, Hauser R. The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003b; 111: 1164–1169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray TJB, Rowland IR, Foster PMD, Gangolli SD. Species-differences in the testicular toxicity of phthalate-esters. Toxicology Letters 1982; 11: 141–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoppin JA, Brock JW, Davis BJ, Baird DD. Reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002; 110: 515–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato K, Silva MJ, Reidy JA, Hurtz D, Malek NA, Needham LL, Nakazawa H, Barr DB, Calafat AM. Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004; 112: 327–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch HM, Bolt HM, Angerer J. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in human urine and serum after a single oral dose of deuterium-labelled DEHP. Archives in Toxicology 2004a; 78: 123–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch HM, Bolt HM, Preuss R, Angerer J. New metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in human urine and serum after single oral doses of deuterium-labelled DEHP. Archives in Toxicology 2005a; 79: 367–376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch HM, Bolt HM, Preuss R, Eckstein R, Weisbach V, Angerer J. 2006. Intravenous exposure to di-(2ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP): metabolites of DEHP in urine after a voluntary platelet donation. Archives in Toxicology 79:689–693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch HM, Drexler H, Angerer J. Internal exposure of nursery-school children and their parents and teachers to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2004b; 207: 15–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks LG, Ostby JS, Lambright CR, Abbott BD, Klinefelter GR, Barlow NJ, Gray LE. The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat. Toxicology Science 2000; 58: 339–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plonait SL, Nau H, Maier RF, Wittfoht W, Obladen M. Exposure of newborn infants to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and 2-ethylhexanoic acid following exchange transfusion with polyvinylchloride catheters. Transfusion 1993; 33: 598–605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth B, Herkenrath P, Lehmann HJ, Ohles HD, Homig HJ, Benzbohm G, Kreuder J, Younossihartenstein A. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate as plasticizer in PVC respiratory tubing systems — indications of hazardous effects on pulmonary-function in mechanically ventilated, preterm infants. European Journal of Pediatrics 1988; 147: 41–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Barr DB, Reidy JA, Kato K, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Hurtz D, Calafat AM, Needham LL, Brock JW. Glucuronidation patterns of common urinary and serum monoester phthalate metabolites. Archives in Toxicology 2003a; 77: 561–567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Barr DB, Reidy JA, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Caudill SP, Brock JW, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004a; 112: 331–338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Kato K, Gray EL, Wolf C, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Urinary metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate in rats. Toxicology 2005a; 210: 123–133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Reidy JA, Kato K, Barr DB, Needham LL, Brock JW. Improved quantitative detection of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites in humans using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 2003b; 789: 393–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Reidy JA, Herbert AR, Preau JL, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Detection of phthalate metabolites in human amniotic fluid. Bulletin of Environmental and Contamination Toxicology 2004b; 72: 1226–1231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Reidy JA, Samandar E, Herbert AR, Needham LL, Calafat AM. 2006. Detection of phthalate metabolites in human saliva. Archives in Toxicology 79:647–652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Slakman AR, Reidy JA, Preau JL, Herbert AR, Samandar E, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Analysis of human urine for fifteen phthalate metabolites using automated solid-phase extraction. Journal of Chromatography B 2004c; 805: 161–167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Samandar E, Preau JL, Needham LL, Calafat AM. 2006. Urinary oxidative metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in humans. Toxicology (in press).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjoberg P, Lindqvist NG, Ploen L. Age-dependent response of the rat testes to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Environmental Health Perspectives 1986; 65: 237–242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar