Differential expression of circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in subjects with coronary artery disease and cardiac syndrome X without known diabetes mellitus

References

• American Diabetes Association. 2010. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 33 (Suppl 1), S62–S69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniades, C., et al., 2009. The CD40/CD40 ligand system: linking inflammation with atherothrombosis. Journal of the American college of cardiology, 54, 669–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arroyo-Espliguero, R., et al., 2003. Chronic inflammation and increased arterial stiffness in patients with cardiac syndrome X. European heart journal, 24, 2006–2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arthur, H.M., et al., 2012. Women, cardiac syndrome X, and microvascular heart disease. Canadian journal of cardiology, 28, S42–S49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beltrame, J.F., 2005. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of angina pectoris in cardiac syndrome X. European heart journal, 26, 946–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon, R.O., III. 2009. Microvascular angina and the continuing dilemma of chest pain with normal coronary angiograms. Journal of the American college of cardiology, 54, 877–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipollone, F., et al., 2001. Elevated circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 21, 327–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lemos, J.A., et al., 2005. Associations between soluble CD40 ligand, atherosclerosis risk factors, and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from the Dallas Heart Study. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 25, 2192–2196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desideri, G., et al., 2000. Endothelial activation in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Circulation, 102, 2359–2364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominguez-Rodriguez, A., et al., 2010. Elevated circulating soluble form of CD40 ligand in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Atherosclerosis, 213, 637–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, L., et al., 1998. Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Molecular cell, 2, 275–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jadhav, S.T., et al., 2006. Microvascular function, metabolic syndrome, and novel risk factor status in women with cardiac syndrome X. American journal of cardiology, 97, 1727–1731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanza, G.A., 2007. Cardiac syndrome X: a critical overview and future perspectives. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 93, 159–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., et al., 1993. An atherogenic diet rapidly induces VCAM-1, a cytokine-regulatable mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule, in rabbit aortic endothelium. Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis, 13, 197–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, K.W., et al., 2015. Circulating adipokines and insulin resistance in subjects with combined cardiac and metabolic syndrome X. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 7, 83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, K.W., et al., 2017. Post-challenge insulin concentration is useful for differentiating between coronary artery disease and cardiac syndrome X in subjects without known diabetes mellitus. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 9, 10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, Y.C., et al., 2013. Leptin to adiponectin ratio as a useful predictor for cardiac syndrome X. Biomarkers, 18, 44–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby, P., 2001. What have we learned about the biology of atherosclerosis? The role of inflammation. The American journal of cardiology, 88, 3J–6J.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby, P., 2012. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 32, 2045–2051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby, P., 2013. Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy. The new England journal of medicine, 368, 2004–2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby, P. and Ridker, P.M., 2004. Inflammation and atherosclerosis: role of C-reactive protein in risk assessment. The American journal of medicine, 116 (Suppl 6A), 9S–16S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C.P., et al., 2003. Differential mononuclear cell activity and endothelial inflammation in coronary artery disease and cardiac syndrome X. International journal of cardiology, 89, 53–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno, P.R., et al., 1994. Macrophage infiltration in acute coronary syndromes. Implications for plaque rupture. Circulation, 90, 775–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). 2002. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation, 106, 3413–3421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• On, Y.K., et al., 2005. Are low total serum antioxidant status and elevated levels of C-reactive protein and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 associated with cardiac syndrome X? Circulation journal, 69, 1212–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poston, R.N., et al., 1992. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in atherosclerotic plaques. American journal of pathology, 140, 665–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recio-Mayoral, A., et al., 2013. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction in cardiac syndrome X patients without conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. JACC cardiovascular imaging, 6, 660–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly, M.P., et al., 2004. Measures of insulin resistance add incremental value to the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in association with coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation, 110, 803–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker, P.M., et al., 1998. Prospective study of C-reactive protein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women. Circulation, 98, 731–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker, P.M., et al., 1997. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. The new England journal of medicine, 336, 973–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker, P.M., et al., 2000. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. The new England journal of medicine, 342, 836–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohde, L.E., et al., 1998. Circulating cell adhesion molecules are correlated with ultrasound-based assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 18, 1765–1770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serruys, P.W., et al., 2009. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. The new England journal of medicine, 360, 961–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim, B.J., Lee, D.H., and Youn, H.J., 2014. Increased soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 concentration is associated with impaired coronary flow reserve in cardiac syndrome X. Heart and vessels, 29, 723–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, M., et al., 2010. Cardiac syndrome X: current concepts. International journal of cardiology, 142, 113–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soyama, A., et al., 2005. Clinical usefulness of the thickness of preperitoneal and subcutaneous fat layer in the abdomen estimated by ultrasonography for diagnosing abdominal obesity in each type of impaired glucose tolerance in man. Endocrine journal, 52, 229–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tousoulis, D., et al., 2001. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum level in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteries (syndrome X). Clinical cardiology, 24, 301–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeltfoort, I.A., et al., 2010. Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data. Clinical research in cardiology, 99, 475–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar