Serum anion gap at admission predicts all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with cerebral infarction: evidence from the MIMIC-III database

References

• Abramowitz, M.K., Hostetter, T.H., and Melamed, M.L., 2012. The serum anion gap is altered in early kidney disease and associates with mortality. Kidney international, 82 (6), 701–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbone, A., et al., 2018. Obesity and kidney stone disease: a systematic review. Minerva urologica e nefrologica = the Italian journal of urology and nephrology, 70 (4), 393–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Q., et al., 2018. Serum anion gap on admission predicts intensive care unit mortality in patients with aortic aneurysm. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 16 (3), 1766–1777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, B., et al., 2020. Serum anion gap predicts all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: analysis of the MIMIC-III database. Disease markers, 2020, 6501272–6501210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, K.M., et al., International Stroke Genetics Consortium. 2018. Cerebrovascular disease knowledge portal: an open-access data resource to accelerate genomic discoveries in stroke. Stroke, 49 (2), 470–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhondup, T. and Qian, Q., 2017. Electrolyte and acid–base disorders in chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney failure. Blood purification, 43 (1–3), 179–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dichgans, M., Pulit, S. L., and Rosand, J., 2019. Stroke genetics: discovery, biology, and clinical applications. The lancet neurology, 18 (6), 587–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong, Z., et al., 2018. Serum lipoprotein and RBC rigidity index to predict cerebral infarction in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 32 (4), e22356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drolz, A., et al., 2018. Acid-base status and its clinical implications in critically ill patients with cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure and without liver disease. Annals of intensive care, 8 (1), 48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Funes, S. and de Morais, H.A., 2017. A quick reference on high anion gap metabolic acidosis. The veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 47 (2), 205–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Füst, G., et al., 2011. Low ficolin-3 levels in early follow-up serum samples are associated with the severity and unfavorable outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Journal of neuroinflammation, 8 (1), 185–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gabow, P.A., et al., 1980. Diagnostic importance of an increased serum anion gap. The New England journal of medicine, 303 (15), 854–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasmacher, S.A. and Stones, W., 2016. Anion gap as a prognostic tool for risk stratification in critically ill patients – a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC anesthesiology, 16 (1), 68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A.E., et al., 2016. MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database. Scientific data, 3, 160035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahles, F., et al., 2020. Glucagon-like peptide 1 levels predict cardiovascular risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction. European heart journal, 41 (7), 882–889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaithoju, S., 2015. Ischemic stroke: risk stratification, warfarin treatment and outcome measure. Journal of atrial fibrillation, 8 (4), 1144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kotake, Y., 2016. Unmeasured anions and mortality in critically ill patients in 2016. Journal of intensive care, 4, 45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraig, R.P., et al., 1987. Hydrogen ions kill brain at concentrations reached in ischemia. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, 7 (4), 379–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraut, J.A. and Madias, N.E., 2007. Serum anion gap: its uses and limitations in clinical medicine. Clinical journal of the American society of nephrology, 2 (1), 162–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lendahl, U., Nilsson, P., and Betsholtz, C., 2019. Emerging links between cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases – a special role for pericytes. EMBO reports, 20 (11), e48070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., et al., 2019. The prognostic value of serum cytokines in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Aging and disease, 10 (3), 544–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martha, S.R., et al., 2018. Translational evaluation of acid/base and electrolyte alterations in rodent model of focal ischemia. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases, 27 (10), 2746–2754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo, L., et al., 2017. Red blood cell distribution width as a marker of cerebral infarction in hemodialysis patients. Renal failure, 39 (1), 712–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr, N.M., et al., 2018. Serum anion gap predicts lactate poorly, but may be used to identify sepsis patients at risk for death: cohort study. Journal of critical care, 44, 223–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oczkowski, W.J. and Turpie, A.G., 1990. Antithrombotic treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Bailliere's clinical haematology, 3 (3), 781–813.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ono, H., et al., 2017. Hydrogen gas inhalation treatment in acute cerebral infarction: a randomized controlled clinical study on safety and neuroprotection. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases: the official journal of national stroke association, 26 (11), 2587–2594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, E., et al., 2019. Acute kidney injury masked by malnutrition: a case report and the problem of protein. Nutrition in clinical practice: official publication of the American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition, 34 (5), 735–750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Y., Huang, X., and Zhang, W., 2019. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic predictor of mortality for sepsis: interaction effect with disease severity Fluid Stewardship during critical illness: a call to action a retrospective study. BMJ open, 9 (1), e022896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sveinsson, O.A., Kjartansson, O., and Valdimarsson, E.M., 2014. Cerebral ischemia/infarction – diagnosis and treatment. Laeknabladid, 100 (7–8), 393–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrente, A.C., 2017. A quick reference on anion gap and strong ion gap. The veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 47 (2), 191–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent, J.L., et al., 2016. The value of blood lactate kinetics in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Critical Care, 20 (1), 257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, J., Zhang, P., and Tang, Z., 2020. Animal models of transient ischemic attack: a review. Acta neurologica Belgica, 120 (2), 267–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, M., et al., 2020. Decreased serum retinoic acid may predict poor outcome in ischemic stroke patients. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 16, 1483–1491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, L., et al., 2019. Research progress in ultrasound use for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 74, e715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S.W., et al., 2017. The serum anion gap is associated with disease severity and all-cause mortality in coronary artery disease. Journal of geriatric cardiology, 14 (6), 392–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar