381
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

International trade openness and gender gaps in Pakistani labor force participation rates over 57 years

&
Pages 367-382 | Published online: 25 Jun 2012

References

  • Addleton , J. , . 1984 . The impact of international migration on economic development in Pakistan . Asian survey , 24 ( 5 ) : 574 – 596 .
  • ADB (Asian Development Bank) . 2000 . Women in Pakistan country briefing paper Available from: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Country_Briefing_Papers/Women_in_Pakistan/default.asp?p=gender [Accessed 25 June 2011]
  • Agricultural Census Organization, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics . 1998 . Emerging trends in agricultural practices in Pakistan Islamabad: Agricultural Census Organization.
  • Ben-David , D. and Loewy , M.B. 1998 . Free trade, growth and convergence . Journal of economic growth , 3 ( 2 ) : 143 – 170 .
  • Busse , M. and Spielmann , C. 2006 . Gender inequality and trade . Review of international economics , 14 : 362 – 379 .
  • Catagay , N. and Ozler , S. 1995 . Feminization of the labor force: the effects of long-term development and structural adjustment . World development , 23 ( 11 ) : 1883 – 1894 .
  • Din , M. , Ejaz , G. and Omer , S . 2003 . Openness and economic growth in Pakistan . The Pakistan development review , 42 ( 4 ) : 795 – 807 . Part. II
  • Drèze , J. and Sen , A. 1989 . Hunger and public action , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Economic Survey of Pakistan . 2009–2010 . Chapter 16. Population, Labor Force and Employment, 235–255.
  • Fofana , I. , Cockburn , J. and Decaluwe , B. 2005 . “ Developing country superwomen: impacts of trade liberalisation on female market and domestic work ” . CIRPEE Working Paper No. 05-19. Available from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=747666 [Accessed 1 December 2010]
  • Goldin , C. 1994 . The u-shaped female labor force function in economic development and economic history . NBER working paper series , w4707
  • Greenaway , D. , Morgan , W. and Wright , P. 1998 . Trade reform, adjustment and growth: what does the evidence tell us . Economic journal , 108 ( 450 ) : 1547 – 1561 .
  • Hanson , G. H. 1998 . Regional adjustment to trade liberalization . Regional science and urban economics , 28 ( 4 ) : 419 – 444 .
  • Hassan , A. K. 1998 . 1998 census: the results and implications . The Pakistan development review , 37 ( 4 ) : 481 – 493 .
  • Juhn , C. and Simon , P. 2006 . Changes in labor force participation in United States . The journal of economic perspectives , 20 ( 3 ) : 27 – 46 .
  • Khan , A. H. 1998 . The experience of trade liberalization in Pakistan . The Pakistan development review , 37 ( 4 ) : 661 – 685 . Part II
  • Klasen , S. 2002 . Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross-country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education on economic development . World Bank economic review , 16 : 345 – 373 .
  • Krishna , P. , Mitra , D. and Chinoy , S. 2001 . Trade liberalization and labor demand elasticities: evidence from Turkey . Journal of international economics , 55 : 391 – 409 .
  • Krueger , A. O. 1980 . Trade policy as an input to development . The American economic review , 70 ( 2 ) Papers and Proceedings of the Ninety-Second Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, Published by: American Economic Association: 288–292
  • Nordas , H. K.K. 2003 . The impact of trade liberalization on women's job opportunities and earnings in developing countries . World trade review , 2 ( 2 ) : 221 – 231 .
  • Ozler , S. 2000 . Export orientation and female share of employment: evidence from Turkey . World development , 28 ( 7 ) : 1443 – 1458 .
  • Prebisch , R. 1959 . Commercial policy in the underdeveloped countries . American economic review, papers and proceedings , 49 ( 2 ) : 251 – 273 .
  • Pritchett , L. H. and Summers , L. 1996 . Wealthier is healthier . Journal of human resources , 31 : 841 – 68 .
  • Standing , G. 1989 . Global feminization through flexibale labor . World development , 17 ( 7 ) : 1077 – 1095 .
  • World Trade Organization . 2002 . Trade Policy Reviews, Geneva.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.