References
- Arnold, J. M., B. S. Javorcik, and A. Mattoo. 2011. “Does Services Liberalization Benefit Manufacturing Firms? Evidence from the Czech Republic.” Journal of International Economics 85 (1): 136–146. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.05.002.
- Aw, B. Y., M. J. Roberts, and D. Y. Xu. 2011. “R&D Investment, Exporting, and Productivity Dynamics.” American Economic Review 101 (4): 1312–1344. doi:10.1257/aer.101.4.1312.
- Baldwin, R. E. 2011. Trade and industrialisation after globalisation’s 2nd unbundling: How building and joining a supply chain are different and why it matters (Working Paper No. 17716). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w17716/w17716.pdf
- Baldwin, R. E., and J. Lopez-Gonzalez. 2015. “Supply-Chain Trade: A Portrait of Global Pattern and Several Testable Hypotheses.” The World Economy 38 (11): 1682–1721. doi:10.1111/twec.12189.
- Beverelli, C., M. Fiorini, and B. Hoekman. 2017. “Services Trade Policy and Manufacturing Productivity: The Role of Institutions.” Journal of International Economics 104: 166–182. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.11.001.
- Cattaneo, O., G. Gereffi, S. Miroudot, and D. Taglioni. 2013. Joining, upgrading and being competitive in global value chains: A strategic framework (Policy Research Working Paper No. 6406). The World Bank. http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/254001468336685890/pdf/wps6406.pdf
- Chen, G. S., Y. Yao, and J. Malizard. 2017. “Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd in or Crowd out Private Domestic Investment in China? The Effect of Entry Mode.” Economic Modelling 61: 409–419. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2016.11.005.
- Crozet, M., and E. Milet. 2017. “Should Everybody Be in Services? The Effect of Servitization on Manufacturing Firm Performance.” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 26 (4): 820–841. doi:10.1111/jems.12211.
- Czarnitzki, D., and H. Hottenrott. 2010. “Financing Constraints for Industrial Innovation: What Do we Know?” Review of Business and Economics 55 (3): 346–362.
- Damuri, Y. R. 2014. Service sector development and improving production network in ASEAN (Economics Working Paper No. 01–2014). Centre for Strategic and International Studies. https://www.csis.or.id/uploads/attachments/post/2019/01/11/services_sector_development_and_improving_production_network_in_asean.pdf
- Eck, K., and S. Huber. 2016. “Product Sophistication and Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment.” Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne D'économique 49 (4): 1658–1684. doi:10.1111/caje.12247.
- Eraydin, A., and B. A. Köroğlu. 2007. “Increasing Role of Services in Competitive Power and Innovativeness of Firm and Industrial Clusters.” European Planning Studies 15 (7): 905–925. doi:10.1080/09654310701356217.
- Fally, T. 2011. On the fragmentation of production in the US. Department of Economics, University of Colorado–Boulder. https://www.etsg.org/ETSG2011/Papers/Fally.pdf
- Findlay, C., and H. Roelfsema. 2021. “Services Trade in the ASEAN Region and Participation in GVCs.” Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy: 1–21. doi:10.1080/13547860.2021.1920658.
- Gereffi, G. 2014. “Global Value Chains in a post-Washington Consensus World.” Review of International Political Economy 21 (1): 9–37. doi:10.1080/09692290.2012.756414.
- Ghaffar, A., and W. A. Khan. 2014. “Impact of Research and Development on Firm Performance.” International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 4 (1): 357–367. doi:10.5296/ijafr.v4i1.6087.
- Gilbert, C. L. 2006. Value chain analysis and market power in commodity processing application to the cocoa and coffee sectors (Discussion Paper No. 5). Department of Economics, University of Trento. https://core.ac.uk/display/6262879
- Grossman, G. M., and E. Rossi-Hansberg. 2008. “Trading Tasks: A Simple Theory of Offshoring.” American Economic Review 98 (5): 1978–1997. doi:10.1257/aer.98.5.1978.
- Hu, A. G. Z., and G. H. Jefferson. 2002. “FDI Impact and Spillover: Evidence from China’s Electronic and Textile Industries.” The World Economy 25 (8): 1063–1076. doi:10.1111/1467-9701.00481.
- Hu, C., and Y. Tan. 2016. “Export Spillovers and Export Performance in China.” China Economic Review 41: 75–89. doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2016.08.008.
- Hulten, C. R. 2000. Total factor productivity: A short biography (Working Paper No. 7471). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w7471/w7471.pdf
- Hummels, D., J. Ishii, and K. M. Yi. 2001. “The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade.” Journal of International Economics 54 (1): 75–96. doi:10.1016/S0022-1996(00)00093-3.
- Humphrey, J., and H. Schmitz. 2000. Governance and upgrading: Linking industrial cluster and global value chain research (IDS Working Paper No. 120). Institute of Development Studies. https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/media/file/202010/Governance%20and%20Upgrading.pdf
- Jin, Y., M. M. Hopkins, and J. L. S. Wittmer. 2010. “Linking Human Capital to Competitive Advantages: Flexibility in a Manufacturing Firm’s Supply Chain.” Human Resource Management 49 (5): 939–963. doi:10.1002/hrm.20385.
- Kasahara, H., and B. Lapham. 2013. “Productivity and the Decision to Import and Export: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of International Economics 89 (2): 297–316. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.08.005.
- Kimura, F. 2006. “International Production and Distribution Networks in East Asia: Eighteen Facts, Mechanics, and Policy Implications.” Asian Economic Policy Review 1 (2): 326–344. doi:10.1111/j.1748-3131.2006.00039.x.
- Koopman, R., Z. Wang, and S.-J. Wei. 2014. “Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports.” American Economic Review 104 (2): 459–494. doi:10.1257/aer.104.2.459.
- Lanz, R., and A. Maurer. 2015. Services and global value chains: Some evidence on servicification of manufacturing and services networks (WTO Working Paper No. ERSD-2015-03). World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division. https://www.wto.org/english//res_e/reser_e/ersd201503_e.pdf
- Levchenko, A. A. 2007. “Institutional Quality and International Trade.” The Review of Economic Studies 74 (3): 791–819. doi:10.1111/j.1467-937X.2007.00435.x.
- Liu, W. S., F. W. Agbola, and J. A. Dzator. 2016. “The Impact of FDI Spillover Effects on Total Factor Productivity in the Chinese Electronic Industry: A Panel Data Analysis.” Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 21 (2): 217–234. doi:10.1080/13547860.2015.1137473.
- Liu, Z. 2008. “Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillover: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of Development Economics 85 (1-2): 176–193. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.07.001.
- Lodefalk, M. 2017. “Servicification of Firms and Trade Policy Implications.” World Trade Review 16 (1): 59–83. doi:10.1017/S147474561600029X.
- Low, P. 2013. The role of services in global value chains (Working Paper No. FGI-2013-1). Fung Global Institute. https://globalvaluechains.org
- Macpherson, A. 2008. “Producer Service Linkages and Industrial Innovation: Results of a Twelve-Year Tracking Study of New York State Manufacturers.” Growth and Change 39 (1): 1–128. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2257.2007.00403.x.
- Miroudot, S. 2019. Services and Manufacturing in Global Value Chains: Is the Distinction Obsolete? (ADBI Working Paper, No.927). Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. https://www.adb.org/publications/services-and-manufacturing-global-value-chains
- Muller, E., and A. Zenker. 2001. “Business Services as Actors of Knowledge Transformation: The Role of KIBS in Regional and National Innovation Systems.” Research Policy 30 (9): 1501–1516. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00164-0.
- National Board of Trade Sweden. 2010. Servicification of Swedish manufacturing. https://www.kommerskollegium.se/globalassets/publikationer/rapporter/2016-och-aldre/report-2010-1-servicification-of-swedish-manufacturing.pdf
- National Board of Trade Sweden. 2012. Everybody is in services—The impact of servicification in manufacturing on trade and trade policy. https://www.kommerskollegium.se/globalassets/publikationer/rapporter/2016-och-aldre/report-everybody-is-in-services.pdf
- Nunn, N. 2007. “Relationship-Specificity, Incomplete Contracts, and the Pattern of Trade.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122 (2): 569–600. doi:10.1162/qjec.122.2.569.
- Nunn, N., and D. Trefler. 2014. “Domestic Institutions as a Source of Comparative Advantage.” In Handbook of International Economics, edited by G. Gopinath, E. Helpman, and K. Rogoff, Vol. 4, 1–54. Elsevier: North-Holland.
- Ozturk, E., and F. Zeren. 2015. “The Impact of R&D Expenditure on Firm Performance in Manufacturing Industry: Further Evidence from Turkey.” International Journal of Economics and Research 6 (2): 32–36.
- Rodrik, D. 2006. What’s so special about China’s exports? (Working Paper No. 11947). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w11947/w11947.pdf
- Sass, M., and A. Szalavetz. 2014. “R&D-Based Integration and Upgrading in Hungary.” Acta Oeconomica 64 (Supplement-1): 153–180. doi:10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.s1.6.
- Szymanski, D. M., S. G. Bharadwaj, and P. R. Varadarajan. 1993. “An Analysis of the Market Share–Profitability Relationship.” Journal of Marketing 57 (4): 1–18. doi:10.1177/002224299305700301.
- Thangavelu, S. M., W. Wang, and S. Oum. 2018. “Servicification in Global Value Chains: Comparative Analysis of Selected Asian Countries with OECD.” The World Economy 41 (11): 3045–3070. doi:10.1111/twec.12712.
- Vendrell-Herrero, F., O. F. Bustinza, G. Parry, and N. Georgantzis. 2017. “Servitization, Digitization and Supply Chain Interdependency.” Industrial Marketing Management 60: 69–81. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.06.013.
- Wang, Z., S.-J. Wei, and K. Zhu. 2013. Quantifying international production sharing at the bilateral and sector levels (Working Paper No. 19677). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w19677/w19677.pdf
- Wolfmayr, Y. 2008. Producer services and competitiveness of manufacturing exports (FIW Research Report No. 009). Research Centre International Economics. https://www.fiw.ac.at/fileadmin/Documents/Publikationen/fiwstudie9.pdf
- World Bank. 2020a. World Development Report 2020: Trading for development in the age of GVCs. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2020
- World Bank. 2020b. World Development Indicators Database. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
- Yang, D., and P. Clark. 2005. “Globalisation and Intellectual Property in China.” Technovation 25 (5): 545–555. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2003.10.008.