383
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Children affected by HIV/AIDS: SAFE, a model for promoting their security, health, and development

, , , &
Pages 243-265 | Received 13 Jan 2010, Accepted 14 Jan 2010, Published online: 17 May 2010

References

  • Ainsworth , M. S. 1979 . Infant-mother attachment . American Psychologist , 34 ( 10 ) : 932 – 937 .
  • Anarfi , J. K. 1997 . Vulnerability to sexually transmitted disease: Street children in Accra . Health Transition Review: The Cultural, Social, and Behavioural Determinants of Health , 7 ( Suppl ) : 281 – 306 .
  • Annan , K. 2000 . Report of the secretary general on the work of the organization , United Nations .
  • Ansell , N. and Young , L. 2004 . Enabling households to support successful migration of AIDS orphans in southern Africa . AIDS Care , 16 ( 1 ) : 3 – 10 .
  • Atwine , B. , Cantor-Graae , E. and Bajunirwe , F. 2005 . Psychological distress among AIDS orphans in rural Uganda . Social Science and Medicine , 61 ( 3 ) : 555 – 564 .
  • Bajunirwe , F. and Muzoora , M. 2005 . Barriers to the implementation of programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: A cross-sectional survey in rural and urban Uganda . AIDS Research Therapy , 2 : 10
  • Barnett , T. and Whiteside , A. 2002 . Poverty and HIV/AIDS: Impact, coping and mitigation policy , Florence : UNICEF .
  • Black , R. E. , Morris , S. S. and Bryce , J. 2003 . Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? . The Lancet , 361 ( 9376 ) : 2226 – 2234 .
  • Bowlby , J. 1969 . Attachment and loss , Vol. 1 , New York : Basic Books .
  • Brennan , R. T. , Molnar , B. E. and Earls , F. 2007 . Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth . Journal of Community Psychology , 35 ( 5 ) : 603 – 618 .
  • Bronfenbrenner , U. 1979 . The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
  • Brown , L. K. , Thurman , T. R. and Snider , L. 2005 . Strengthening the psychosocial well-being of youth-headed households in Rwanda: Baseline findings from an intervention trial , Washington , DC : Population Council .
  • Buka , S. L. , Stichick , T. , Birdthistle , I. and Earls , F. 2001 . Youth exposure to violence: Prevalence, risks, and consequences . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 71 ( 3 ) : 298
  • Campbell , C. , Foulis , C. A. , Maimane , S. and Sibiya , Z. 2005 . The impact of social environments on the effectiveness of youth HIV prevention: A South African case study . AIDS Care , 17 ( 4 ) : 471 – 478 .
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention . 2008 . A CDC review of school laws and policies concerning child and adolescent health . Journal of School Health , 78 ( 2 ) : 69 – 127 .
  • Chen , L. C. Health as a human security priority fior the 21st century . Background Paper for Human Security Track III . pp. 1 – 7 . Helsinki Process
  • Costello , A. and White , H. 2001 . Reducing global inequalitites in child health . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 84 ( 2 ) : 98 – 102 .
  • Cunningham , R. M. , Stiffman , A. R. , Dore , P. and Earls , F. 1994 . The association of physical and sexual abuse with HIV risk behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood: Implications for public health . Child Abuse and Neglect , 18 ( 3 ) : 233 – 245 .
  • DeGennaro , V. and Zeitz , P. 2009 . Embracing a family-centred response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic for the elimination of pediatric AIDS . Global Public Health , 4 ( 4 ) : 386 – 401 .
  • DeWaal , A. and Whiteside , A. 2003 . New variant famine: AIDS and food crisis in southern Africa . The Lancet , 362 ( 9391 ) : 1234 – 1237 .
  • Doring , M. , Junior , I. F. and Stella , I. M. 2005 . Factors associated with institutionalization of children orphaned by AIDS in a population-based survey in Porto Alegre, Brazil . AIDS , 19 ( 4 ) : S59 – S63 .
  • Drew , R. S. , Makufa , C. and Foster , G. 1998 . Strategies for providing care and support to children orphaned by AIDS . AIDS Care , 10 ( 1 ) : S9 – S15 .
  • Dunkle , K. L. , Jewkes , R. K. , Brown , H. C. , Gray , G. , McIntryre , J. A. and Harlow , S. D. 2004 . Gender-based violence, relationship power, and the risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa . The Lancet , 363 ( 9419 ) : 1415 – 1421 .
  • Engle , P. L. , Black , M. M. , Behrman , J. R. , Cabral de Mello , M. , Gertler , P. J. Kapiriri , L. 2007 . Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental potential in more than 200 million children in the developing world . Lancet , 369 ( 9557 ) : 229 – 242 .
  • Ennew , J. 1995 . Street and working children: A guide to planning (development manual 4) , London : Save the Children .
  • Eyakuze , C. , Jones , D. A. , Starrs , A. M. and Sorkin , N. 2008 . From PMTCT to a more comprehensive AIDS response for women: A much-needed shift . Developing World Bioethics , 8 ( 1 ) : 33 – 42 .
  • Farmer , P. E. , Nizeye , B. , Stulac , S. and Keshavjee , S. 2006 . Structural violence and clinical medicine . PLoS Medicine , 3 ( 10 ) : e449
  • Finkelhor , D. 1994 . The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse . Child Abuse and Neglect , 18 ( 5 ) : 409 – 417 .
  • Forehand , R. , Pelton , J. , Chance , M. , Armistead , L. , Morse , E. Morse , P. S. 1999 . Orphans of the AIDS epidemic in the United States: Transition-related characteristics and psychosocial adjustment at 6 months after mother's death . AIDS Care , 11 ( 6 ) : 715 – 722 .
  • Foster , G. 2006 . Children who live in communities affected by AIDS . The Lancet , 367 ( 9511 ) : 700 – 701 .
  • Foster , G. , Shakespeare , R. , Chinemana , F. , Jackson , H. , Gregson , S. Marange , C. 1995 . Orphan prevalence and extended family care in a periurban community in Zimbabwe . AIDS Care , 7 ( 1 ) : 3 – 18 .
  • Gertler , P. J. 2004 . Do conditional cash transfers improve child health? Evidence from PROGRESA's control randomized experiement . American Economic Review , 94 ( 2 ) : 336 – 341 .
  • Greenberg , J. B. 2001 . Childhood sexual abuse and sexually transmitted diseases in adults: A review of and implications for STB/HIV programmes . International Journal of STD and AIDS , 12 ( 12 ) : 777 – 783 .
  • Gregson , S. , Nyamukapa , C. A. , Garnett , G. P. , Wambe , M. , Lewis , J. J. Mason , P. R. 2005 . HIV infection and reproductive health in teenage women orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS in Zimbabwe . AIDS Care , 17 ( 7 ) : 785 – 794 .
  • Hawkins , J. D. , Kosterman , R. , Catalano , R. F. , Hill , K. G. and Abbott , R. D. 2005 . Promoting positive adult functioning through social development intervention in childhood . Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine , 159 ( 5 ) : 25 – 31 .
  • Hein , K. , Dell , R. , Futterman , D. , Rotheram-Borus , M. J. and Shaffer , N. 1995 . Comparison of HIV+ and HIV− adolescents: Risk factors and psychosocial determinants . Pediatrics , 95 ( 1 ) : 96 – 104 .
  • Heuveline , P. 2004 . Impact of the HIV epidemic on population and household structure: The dynamics and evidence to date . Aids , 18 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S45 – S53 .
  • Human Rights Watch . 2005 . Letting them fail: Government neglect and the right to education for children affected by AIDS , London , , UK : Human Rights Watch .
  • Kelly , M. J. 2000 . Standing education on its head: Aspects of schooling in a world with HIV/AIDS . Current Issues in Comparative Education , 3 ( 1 ) : 28 – 38 .
  • Kline , M. W. 2007 . Perspectives on the pediatric HIV/AIDS pandemic: Catalyzing access of children to care and treatment . Pediatrics , 117 ( 4 ) : 1388 – 1393 .
  • Lalor , K. 2004 . Child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review . Child Abuse and Neglect , 28 ( 4 ) : 439 – 460 .
  • Lee , M. and Rotheram-Borus , M. J. 2001 . Challenges associated with increased survival among parents living with HIV . American Journal of Public Health , 91 ( 8 ) : 1303 – 1309 .
  • Lindsey , E. , Hirschfeld , M. and Tlou , S. 2003 . Home-based care in Botswana: Experience of older women and young girls . International , 24 ( 6 ) : 486 – 501 .
  • Makame , V. , Ani , C. and Grantham-McGregor , S. 2002 . Psychological well-being of orphans in Dar El Salaam, Tanzania . Acta Paediatrica , 91 ( 4 ) : 459 – 465 .
  • Maman , S. , Mbwambo , J. K. , Hogan , N. M. , Kilonzo , G. P. , Campbell , J. C. Weiss , E. 2002 . HIV-positive women report more lifetime partner violence: Findings from a voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania . American Journal of Public Health , 92 : 1331 – 1337 .
  • Masanjala , W. 2007 . The poverty-HIV/AIDS nexus in Africa: A livelihood approach . Social Science and Medicine , 64 : 1032 – 1041 .
  • Masmas , T. N. , Jensen , H. , Da Silva , D. , Hoj , L. , Sandstrom , A. and Aaby , P. 2004a . The social situation of motherless children in rural and urban areas of Guinea-Bissau . Social Science and Medicine , 59 ( 6 ) : 1231 – 1239 .
  • Masmas , T. N. , Jensen , H. , Da Silva , D. , Hoj , L. , Sandstrom , A. and Aaby , P. 2004b . Survival among motherless children in rural and urban areas in Guinea-Bissau . Acta Paediatrica , 93 ( 1 ) : 99 – 105 .
  • Mutangadora , G. and Webb , D. 1998 . The socio-economic impact of adult mortality and morbidity on households in urban Zambia . Southern African AIDS News , 6 ( 3 ) : 14 – 15 .
  • Naar-King , S. , Wright , K. , Parsons , J. T. , Frey , M. , Templin , T. Lam , P. 2006 . Healthy choices: Motivational enhancement therapy for health risk behaviors in HIV-positive youth . AIDS Education and Prevention , 18 ( 1 ) : 1 – 11 .
  • National Scientific Council on the Developing Child . 2004 . Young children develop in an environment of relationships , Harvard University : The Center on the Developing Child .
  • Partners in Health . 2006 . The PIH guide to the community based treatment of HIV in resource poor settings , Boston , MA : Partners in Health .
  • Perez-Escamilla , R. , Lartey , A. A.H.C. , Mazur , R. , Sellen , D. , Hromi-Fiedler , A. and Marquis , G. S. 2007 . Food insecurity and HIV status among pregnant Ghanaian women: Preliminary results from the RIING study . FASEB Journal , 21 ( 5 ) : A311 – A311 .
  • Perez , F. , Orne-Gliemann , J. , Mukotekwa , T. , Miller , A. , Glenshaw , M. Mahomva , A. 2004 . Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: Evaluation of a pilot programme in a district hospital in rural Zimbabwe . British Medical Journal , 329 ( 7475 ) : 1147 – 1150 .
  • Poku , N. K. 2005 . AIDS in Africa: How the poor are dying , Cambridge , , UK : Polity Press .
  • Reynolds , A. J. and Temple , J. A. 1998 . Extended childhood intervention and school achievement: Age thirteen findings from the Chicago Longitudinal Study . Child Development , 69 ( 1 ) : 231 – 246 .
  • Richter , L. No small issue: Children and families . Paper presented at the XVII International AIDS Conference . Mexico City, Retrieved February 26, 2010, from http://www.aids2008.org/Pag/PSession.aspx?s=33
  • Rotheram-Borus , M. J. , Stein , J. A. and Lin , Y. Y. 2001 . Impact of parent death and an intervention on the adjustment of adolescents whose parents have HIV/AIDS . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 69 ( 5 ) : 763 – 773 .
  • Ryder , R. W. , Kamenga , M. , Nkusu , M. , Batter , V. and Heyward , W. L. 1994 . AIDS orphans in Kinshasa, Zaire: Incidence and socioeconomic consequences . Aids , 8 ( 5 ) : 673 – 679 .
  • Schweinhart , L. J. , Barnes , H. V. and Weikart , D. P. 1993 . Significant benefits: The High Scope Perry Preschool Study through age 27 , Ypsilanti , MI : High/Scope Press .
  • Shepler , S. 2005 . The rites of the child: Global discourses of youth and reintegrating child soldiers in Sierra Leone . Journal of Human Rights , 4 ( 2 ) : 197 – 211 .
  • Shonkoff J. P. Phillips D. From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development National Academy Press Washington , DC 2000
  • Stock , J. L. , Bell , M. A. , Boyer , D. K. and Connell , F. F. 1997 . Adolescent pregnancy and sexual risk-taking among sexually abused girls . Family Planning Perspectives , 29 ( 5 ) : 200 – 203 . 207
  • Sutcliffe , C. G. , van Dijk , J. H. , Bolton , C. , Persaud , D. and Moss , W. J. 2008 . Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa . The Lancet Infectious Diseases , 8 ( 8 ) : 477 – 489 .
  • Swart-Kruger , J. and Richter , L. M. 1997 . AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior among South African street youth: Reflections on power, sexuality and autonomous self . Social Science and Medicine , 45 ( 6 ) : 957 – 966 .
  • UNAIDS, UNICEF, &USAID . 2004 . Children on the brink 2004: A joint report of new orphan estimates and a framework for action
  • UNAIDS & World Health Organization . 2005 . AIDS epidemic update 2005 , Geneva : UNAIDS, WHO .
  • UNESCO . 2006 . Resource pack: Improving learning opportunities for street children , Bangkok : Child Hope Asia .
  • UNICEF . 1997 . The State of the world's children 1997 , New York : United Nations Children's Fund .
  • UNICEF . 1998 . State of the world's children 1998 , New York : United Nations Children's Fund .
  • UNICEF . 2004 . The framework for the protection, care and support of orphans and vulnerable children living in a world with HIV and AIDS , London : UNICEF .
  • UNICEF . 2006a . Background paper for the global partners forum in orphans and vulnerable childen , London : UNICEF .
  • UNICEF . Draft document . Paper presented at the UNICEF/WHO-Sponsored Consultation to Support Development of a Programming Framework for HIV-Related Treatment, Care and Support for HIV-Infected and Exposed Children in Resources Constrained Settings . New York : UNICEF .
  • United Nations . 1989 . United Nations convention on the rights of the child , Geneva : United Nations General Assembly .
  • United Nations . 2004 . Special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse: Report of the secretary-general , Geneva : United Nations General Assembly .
  • Veenstra , N. and Oyier , A. 2006 . The burden of HIV-related illness on outpatient health services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa . AIDS Care , 18 ( 3 ) : 262 – 268 .
  • Wolff , P. and Fesseha , G. 1998 . The orphans of Eritrea: Are orphanages part of the problem or part of the solution? . American Journal of Psychiatry , 155 ( 10 ) : 1319 – 1324 .
  • Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children . 2004 . No safe place to call home: Child and adolescent night commuters in northern Uganda New York
  • World Health Organization . 2002 . World report on violence and health , Geneva : World Health Organization .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.