The psychological impact of facial changes in scleroderma

References

• Albilia , J. B. , Lam , D. K. , Blanas , N. , Clokie , C. M. and Sandor , G. K. 2007 . Small mouths … Big problems? A review of scleroderma and its oral health implications . Journal of the Canadian Dental Association , 73 : 831 – 836 .
   Google Scholar
• Benrud-Larson , L. M. , Haythornthwaite , J. A. , Heinberg , L. J. , Boling , C. , Reed , J. White , B. 2002 . The impact of pain and symptoms of depression in scleroderma . Pain , 95 : 267 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadauria , S. , Moser , D. K. , Clements , P. J. , Singh , R. R. , Lachenbruch , P. A. Pitkin , R. M. 1995 . Genital tract abnormalities and female sexual function impairment in systemic sclerosis . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 172 ( 2 Part 1 ) : 580 – 587 .
   Google Scholar
• Brackmann , D. E and Barrs , D. M. 1984 . Assessing recovery of facial function following acoustic neuroma surgery . Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery , 92 ( 1 ) : 88 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , T. , Moss , T. and Harris , D. 2005 . The DAS24: A short form of the Derriford Appearance Scale DAS59 to measure individual responses to living with problems of appearance . British Journal of Health Psychology , 10 ( Part 2 ) : 285 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , A. , Rumsey , N. and ARC . Identifying factors and processes contributing to successful adjustment to disfiguring conditions . Presented at UK Society for Behavioural Medicine conference . January 2009 , Exeter, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Danieli , E. , Airo , P. , Bettoni , L. , Cinquini , M. , Antonioli , C. M. Cavazzana , I. 2005 . Health-related quality of life measured by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) in systemic sclerosis: Correlations with indexes of disease activity and severity, disability, and depressive symptoms . Clinical Rheumatology , 24 ( 1 ) : 48 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , D. L. and Carr , A. T. 2001 . The Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS59): A new psychometric scale for the evaluation of patients with disfigurements and aesthetic problems of appearance . British Journal of Plastic Surgery , 54 ( 3 ) : 216 – 222 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haythornthwaite , J. A. , Heinberg , L. J. and McGuire , L. 2003 . Psychologic factors in scleroderma . Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America , 29 ( 2 ) : 427 – 439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinberg , L. J. , Kudel , I. , White , B. , Kwan , A. , Medley , K. Wigley , F. 2007 . Assessing body image in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): Validation of the adapted satisfaction with appearance scale . Body Image , 4 ( 1 ) : 79 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• House , J. W. and Brackmann , D. E. 1985 . Facial nerve grading system . Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery , 93 ( 2 ) : 146 – 147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joachim , G. and Acorn , S. 2000 . Stigma of visible and invisible chronic conditions . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 32 ( 1 ) : 243 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joachim , G. and Acorn , S. 2003 . Life with a rare chronic disease: The scleroderma experience . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 42 ( 6 ) : 598 – 606 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang , T. S. , Vrabec , J. T. , Giddings , N. and Terris , D. J. 2002 . Facial nerve grading systems (1985–2002): Beyond the House–Brackmann scale . Otology & Neurotology , 23 ( 5 ) : 767 – 771 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz , M. R. , Irish , J. C. , Devins , G. M. , Rodin , G. M. and Gullane , P. J. 2000 . Reliability and validity of an observer-rated disfigurement scale for head and neck cancer patients . Head Neck , 22 ( 2 ) : 132 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna , D. , Ahmed , M. , Furst , D. E. , Ginsburg , S. S. , Park , G. S. Hornung , R. 2007 . Health values of patients with systemic sclerosis . Arthritis & Rheumatism , 57 ( 1 ) : 86 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legendre , C. , Allanore , Y. , Ferrand , I. and Kahan , A. 2005 . Evaluation of depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis . Joint Bone Spine , 72 ( 5 ) : 408 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeRoy , E. C. , Black , C. , Fleischmajer , R. , Jablonska , S. , Krieg , T. Medsger , Jr. T. A. 1998 . Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): Classification, subsets and pathogenesis . Journal of Rheumatology , 15 : 202 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Marcucci , M. and Abdala , N. 2009 . Clinical and radiographic study of orofacial alterations in patients with systemic sclerosis . Brazilian Oral Research , 23 ( 1 ) Jan–Mar : 82 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Mouthon , L. , Mestre-Stanislas , C. , Berezne , A. , Rannou , F. , Guilpain , P. Revel , M. 2009 . Impact of digital ulcers on disability and health-related quality of life in systemic sclerosis . Annals of Rheumatic Diseases , Feb 16
   Google Scholar
• Mouthon , L. , Rannou , F. , Berezne , A. , Pagnoux , C. , Arene , J. P. Fois , E. 2007 . Development and validation of a scale for mouth handicap in systemic sclerosis: The Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis scale . Annals of Rheumatic Diseases , 66 ( 12 ) December : 1651 – 1655 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mozzetta , A. , Antinone , V. , Alfani , S. , Neri , P. , Foglio Bonda , P. G. Pasquini , P. 2008 . Mental health in patients with systemic sclerosis: A controlled investigation . Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology , 22 ( 3 ) : 336 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Nietert , P. J. , Mitchell , H. C. , Bolster , M. B. , Curran , M. Y. , Tilley , B. C. and Silver , R. M. 2005 . Correlates of depression, including overall and gastrointestinal functional status, among patients with systemic sclerosis . Journal of Rheumatology , 32 : 51 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ong , J. , Clarke , A. , White , P. , Johnson , M. , Withey , S. and Butler , P. E. 2007 . Does severity predict distress? The relationship between subjective and objective measures of appearance and psychological adjustment, during treatment for facial lipoatrophy . Body Image , 4 ( 3 ) : 239 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Poole , J. L. and Steen , V. D. 1991 . The use of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to determine physical disability in systemic sclerosis . Arthritis Care Research , 4 : 27 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preliminary Criteria for the Classification Of Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma). 1980 . Subcommittee for scleroderma criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee . Arthritis & Rheumatism , 23 ( 5 ) : 581 – 590 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roca , R. P. , Wigley , F. M. and White , B. 1996 . Depressive symptoms associated with scleroderma . Arthritis & Rheumatism , 39 ( 6 ) : 1035 – 1040 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rumsey , N. , Clarke , A. , White , P. , Wyn-Williams , M. and Garlick , W. 2004 . Altered body image: Appearance-related concerns of people with visible disfigurement . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 48 ( 5 ) : 443 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spackman , G. K. 1999 . Scleroderma: What the general dentist should know . General Dentistry , 47 ( 6 ) Nov–Dev : 576 – 579 .
   Google Scholar
• Zigmond , A. S. and Snaith , R. P. 1983 . The hospital anxiety and depression scale . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 67 ( 6 ) : 361 – 370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar