References
- Aidar, M., & Line, S. R. (2007). A simple and cost-effective protocol for DNA isolation from buccal epithelial cells. Brazilian Dental Journal, 18, 148–152. doi:10.1590/S0103-64402007000200012
- Allen, J. P., & Wilson, V. B. (Eds.). (2003). Assessing alcohol problems: A guide for clinicians and researchers (2nd ed.). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
- Baraona, E., Abittan, C. S., & Dohmen, K. (2001). Gender differences in pharmacokinetics of alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 502–507. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02242.x
- Brooks, P. J., Enoch, M.-A., Goldman, D., Li, T.-K., & Yokoyama, A. (2009). The alcohol flushing response: An unrecognized risk factor for esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption. PLoS Medicine, 6, e50. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000050
- Chan, P. M., Fan, S. H., & Say, Y. H. (2011). No association of Peptide Tyrosine-Tyrosine (PYY) gene variant R72T with obesity in the Kampar health clinic cohort, Malaysia. Malaysia Journal of Nutrition, 17, 201–212.
- Collins, R. L., Kashdan, T. B., Koutsky, J. R., Morsheimer, E. T., & Vetter, C. J. (2008). A self-administered Timeline Followback to measure variations in underage drinkers’ alcohol intake and binge drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 196–200. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.07.001
- Collins, R. L., Parks, G. A., & Marlatt, G. A. (1985). Social determinants of alcohol consumption: The effects of social interaction and model status on the self-administration of alcohol. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 189–200. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.53.2.189
- Crabb, D. W., Zeng, Y., Liangpunsakul, S., Jones, R., & Considine, R. (2011). Ethanol impairs differentiation of human adipocyte stromal cells in culture. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35, 1584–1592. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01504.x
- Edenberg, H. (2007). The genetics of alcohol metabolism: Role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. Alcohol Research & Health, 30, 5–13.
- Eng, M. Y., Luczak, S. E., & Wall, T. L. (2007). ALDH2, ADH1B, and ADH1C genotypes in Asiana: A literature review. Alcohol Research & Health, 30, 22–27.
- Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504–528. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
- Groppi, A., Begueret, J., & Iron, A. (1990). Improved methods for genotype determination of human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) at ADH 2 and ADH 3 loci by using polymerase chain reaction-directed mutagenesis. Clinical Chemistry, 36, 1765–1768.
- Hayashida, M., Iwao-Koizumi, K., Murata, S., Yokoyama, A., & Kinoshita, K. (2010). Genotyping of polymorphisms in alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes by direct application of PCR-RFLP on dried blood without DNA extraction. Analytical Sciences, 26, 503–505. doi:10.2116/analsci.26.503
- Hurley, T. D., Edenberg, H. J., & Li, T.-K. (2002). The pharmacogenomics of alcoholism. In Lucinio, J. & Wong M.-L. (Eds.),Pharmacogenomics: The search for individualized therapies (pp. 417–441). Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH.10.1002/3527600752
- Luczak, S. E., Glatt, S. J., & Wall, T. L. (2006). Meta-analyses of ALDH2 and ADH1B with alcohol dependence in Asians. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 607–621. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.607
- Luo, X., Kranzler, H. R., Zuo, L., Wang, S., & Gelernter, J. (2007). Personality traits of agreeableness and extraversion are associated with ADH4 variation. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 599–608. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.017
- Pruznak, A. M., Nystrom, J., & Lang, C. H. (2013). Direct central nervous system effect of alcohol alters synthesis and degradation of skeletal muscle protein. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 48, 138–145. doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags113
- Schuckit, M. A., Smith, T. L., & Tipp, J. E. (1997). The Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) form as a retrospective measure of the risk for alcoholism. Addiction, 92, 979–988. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02977.x
- Tan, E. C., Lim, L., Leong, J. Y., Lim, J. Y., Lee, A., Yang, J., Tan, C. H., & Winslow, M. (2010). Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms in Chinese and Indian populations. Substance Use & Misuse, 45, 1–14. doi:10.3109/10826080802490584
- Theakston, J. A., Stewart, S. H., Dawson, M. Y., Knowlden-Loewen, S. A. B., & Lehman, D. R. (2004). Big-Five personality domains predict drinking motives. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 971–984. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.007
- Thomasson, H. R., Edenberg, H. J., Crabb, D. W., Mai, X. L., Jerome, R. E., Li, T. K., Wang, S. P., … Yin, S. J. (1991). Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism in Chinese men. American Journal of Human Genetics, 48, 677–681.
- Treutlein, J., Cichon, S., Ridinger, M., Wodarz, N., Soyka, M., Zill, P., Maier, W., … Rietschel, M. (2009). Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 773–784. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.83
- Vaswani, M., Prasad, P., & Kapur, S. (2009). Association of ADH1B and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms with alcohol dependence: A pilot study from India. Human Genomics, 3, 213–220. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-3-3-213
- Wall, T. L., Shea, S. H., Luczak, S. E., Cook, T. A., & Carr, L. G. (2005). Genetic associations of alcohol dehydrogenase with alcohol use disorders and endophenotypes in white college students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 456–465. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.3.456
- Whitfield, J. B., Zhu, G., Duffy, D. L., Birley, A. J., Madden, P. A., Heath, A. C., & Martin, N. G. (2001). Variation in alcohol pharmacokinetics as a risk factor for alcohol dependence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 1257–1263. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02345.x
- WHO. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health 2014: Country profile – Malaysia, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/profiles/mys.pdf?ua=1
- WHO/IOTF/IASO. (2000). The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Hong Kong: World Health Organization, International Obesity Task Force, International Association for the Study of Obesity.
- Yokoyama, A., Yokoyama, T., Matsui, T., Mizukami, T., Matsushita, S., Higuchi, S., & Maruyama, K. (2013). Alcohol dehydrogenase-1B genotype (rs1229984) is a strong determinant of the relationship between body weight and alcohol intake in Japanese alcoholic men. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37, 1123–1132. doi:10.1111/acer.12069
- Zintzaras, E., Stefanidis, I., Santos, M., & Vidal, F. (2006). Do alcohol-metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms increase the risk of alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease? Hepatology, 43, 352–361. doi:10.1002/hep.21023
- Zuo, L., Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H. R., Stein, M. B., Zhang, H., Wei, F., Sen, S., … Luo, X. (2010). ADH1A variation predisposes to personality traits and substance dependence. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 153B, 376–386. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30990